ESCUELA PREPARATORIA FEDERAL POR COOPERACIÓN

ACTIVO 20-30.
“ALBERT EINSTEIN.”

DIGITAL CULTURE 1.

FOURTH PERIOD, STUDENT MANUAL.

Responsible:
LIC. Arturo Francisco Vargas Hernández.
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Index.
GOALS FOR THIS PERIOD: .......................................................................................... 2
Terms for submitting activities, and values of each of them. ........................................... 3
OPENING. .......................................................................................................................... 5
Reading: Algorithms. .......................................................................................................... 5
WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM? .............................................................................................. 5
Characteristics of the algorithms:.................................................................................... 7
Recommendations for the writing of algorithms .................................................................. 7
Examples of algorithms. ................................................................................................. 8
DEVELOPMENT. ............................................................................................................... 9
THE PROBLEM-SOLVING METHODOLOGY. ............................................................. 10
WHAT IS A FLOWCHART? ............................................................................................. 13
SYMBOLS USED. ........................................................................................................ 13
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOWCHARTS ............................................................ 14
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOWCHART. ......................................................................... 15
ADVANTAGES OF FLOWCHARTS. ............................................................................ 16
RULES TO DESIGN FLOWCHARTS. .......................................................................... 16
EXAMPLE OF A FLOWCHART, using PSeInt. ............................................................. 17
CONDITIONAL OR SELECTIVE, STRUCTURES: ....................................................... 18
EXAMPLE DOUBLE CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE: .................................................... 20
SEQUENTIAL PROBLEMS. ............................................................................................. 22
SELECTIVE PROBLEMS. ............................................................................................ 23
CLOSURE. ....................................................................................................................... 24
EVALUATION OF THE FOURTH PERIOD. ..................................................................... 24
ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................ 25
SOME RECOMMENDED SITES FOR CARRYING OUT YOUR RESEARCH WORKS.
..................................................................................................................................... 25
Most common keys and their use ..................................................................................... 27
Some keyboard shortcuts in Windows. ............................................................................. 29
Bibliography...................................................................................................................... 30

Page 1 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

GOALS FOR THIS PERIOD:

M1. You represent problem – solving through algorithmic thinking by selecting methods,
diagrams, and techniques.

M2. You apply algorithmic language using digital media to solve situations or problems
related to the context.

Page 2 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Terms for submitting activities, and values of each of them.

Activity 1. A diagnostic quiz 0%
Type: You will answer the quiz presented in Google Forms.
Term: November 9 to 14, 2023.
Submission format: Answer an online quiz.
Way of working: Individual.

Practice 1. Ordering algorithms. 10%

Type: Solve the algorithms presented online.
Term: November 9 to 14, 2023.
Submission format: Solve the algorithms presented to you online.
Way of working: Individual.

Practice 2. Sequential and selective problems. 20%

Type: Work with your teacher to solve a series of five sequential and five selective
problems, following the requested structure to present them in Word.
Term: November 13 to 17, 2023.
Submission format: a Word document sent through the school platform.
Way of working: Individual.

Practice 3. Working on PSeInt. 20%

Type: You will use PSeInt, to solve the problems form the previous practice. Take
screenshots of each exercise and put them in a neat and orderly arrangement in a Word
document to grade them.
Term for submissions: November 21 to 24, 2023.
Submission format: a Word document sent through the school platform.
Way of working: Individual.

Evaluation. 50%

Date:November, 2023.
Time: 8:20 a 9:10 a.m.
Format: You will take a written exam.
Way of working: Individual.

Page 3 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Additional considerations:
1. Each activity must be submitted in due time and form.
2. In the case of team works, all team members must submit the activity in their
respective space on the platform.
3. About the activities done by teams, grades will be based on the paper review of only
one member of the team, then the document submitted through the platform must
be the same done by all the team, however, if someone does not submit their activity
it will be graded with zero, and considered as activity not completed.
4. The feedbacks to the works, in case of team activities, will be written only in one of
the team members’ comments spaces on the platform.
5. When you receive a grade, and your activity’s feedback, this does not mean that you
can redo your activity looking for a higher grade.
6. Make sure you read and understand each activity’s directions to fulfill your
assignment, not just to complete it.
7. Each paper done, must have their respective cover page, including all the data and
information of the activity, and who is the owner of the activity.
8. Remember if you encounter any issues accessing the platform, you may also submit
your activities, via email to: afvargash73@gmail.com provided that the activity
requirements are met, such as, not submitting or mailing the activity after the
deadline.

Page 4 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

OPENING.

Activity 1. A diagnostic quiz 0%

Type: You will answer the quiz presented in Google Forms.
Term: November 9 to 14, 2023.
Submission format: Answer an online quiz.
Way of working: Individual.

Reading: Algorithms.
WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?
To begin, we will start by defining the concepts of problem, and algorithm, identifing
their connection, and then we will start our work with the basics of programming logic.

The dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy defines a problem as a "set of

facts or circumstances that hinder the achievement of some end. Proposition aimed
at figuring out how to obtain a result when certain data are known."
Broadly speaking, we can say that an algorithm is a finite set of instructions
or steps that serve to execute a task or solve a problem.
Generally, algorithms are presented daily with the various experiences of
people, everything that surrounds us is always a sequence of steps that lead us to
perform our tasks sometimes in an orderly manner.
In everyday life we use algorithms on many occasions to solve various
problems, such as to run a washing machine (set of instructions stuck on the lid of
the machine), to play music (using musical scores), to build a scale airplane
(expressed in the instructions), to do magic tricks (steps to do the trick) or, even, to
make cooking recipes (recipe steps).
Other instances, such as the division algorithm to calculate the quotient of two
numbers or Euclid's algorithm to calculate the maximum common divisor of two
positive integers, belongs to the field of mathematics.

More formally, an algorithm is a finite sequence of achievable,

unambiguous instructions whose execution leads to the resolution of a
problem. (This is the definition we are being using in our class.)

The algorithm gives us a generic solution to a problem and we can use it

every time we are presented with that same problem, for instance, the algorithm of
the division is generic and independent of the numbers that we have to divide.

Page 5 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

The most common methods to represent algorithms are:

 Narrated description: it is the simplest way to describe or express an

algorithm. It consists of making an explanation of the solution in a
natural language. The use of natural language often causes the description
to be inaccurate and unreliable, so this type of representation is not
recommended. For instance:

Algorithm for the sum of two

numbers:
1. Get the two numbers to add.
2. Add the numbers.
3. Display the result.

 Flowchart: It is the graphical representation of an algorithm. It uses

normalized symbols, with the algorithm steps written inside the appropriate
symbol and the symbols joined by arrows, called "flow lines”, which indicate
the order in which the steps should be executed.

 Pseudocode: Pseudocode is an algorithm specification language that

uses reserved words and requires indentation, that is, the indentation in
the left margin of some lines.

It was conceived to overcome the two main disadvantages of flowcharts, slow

to create and difficult to modify without a new redrawing process.

It is a very effective tool for tracking the logic of an algorithm and for easily
transforming algorithms into programs.

In the field of computers, algorithms are expressed as programs. Programs are

algorithms encoded with an unambiguous language whose syntax and semantics
the computer "understands."

So, if we want a computer to perform a task, we must first discover an

algorithm to carry it out; programming the algorithm on the machine consists of
representing that algorithm so that it can communicate to a machine. In other words,
we must transform the conceptual algorithm into a set of instructions and represent
the latter in an unambiguous language.

Page 6 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Thanks to the ability to communicate our thoughts through algorithms, we can

build machines whose behavior simulates, to some extent, intelligence. The level of
intelligence that the machine simulates is limited by the intelligence that we can
communicate to it through algorithms.
Machines can only perform algorithmic tasks. If we find an algorithm to direct
the execution of a task, we can build a machine to carry it out as long as the
technology has advanced enough. If we don't find an algorithm, the carry-out may
be outside the machines' capabilities, for the time being.

Characteristics of the algorithms:

The fundamental characteristics that every algorithm must meet are:

✓ It must be precise and indicate the order of completion of each step.

✓ It must be defined. If you follow an algorithm twice, you must get the
same result every time it is carried out.
✓ Being finite. If an algorithm is followed, it must be finished at some point,
that is, it must have a finite number of steps.
The structure of an algorithm must be composed of three parts: Input, Process, and
Output.

The Input refers to something that exists and is what

solves the problem.
The Process is the follow-up that is carried out to
solve the problem.
The Output is the results obtained.

Recommendations for the writing of algorithms

Some recommendations to make the writing of the algorithms easy to read and
understand are:
• Use the word start and end to identify the starting point and term of the
algorithm, even if it is enumerated.
• Number each step.
• Instructions should be short, concrete sentences.
• Do not start instructions with articles like “the”, or pronouns.
• The instructions begin with a verb that identifies the action to be performed.
• When a problem is very complex it is recommended to divide it into modules
or sub-algorithms.

Page 7 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Examples of algorithms.

Algorithm to prepare a starry egg Algorithm to calculate the area of a

1. Start. rectangle
2. Prepare utensils and ingredients. 1. Start.
3. Turn on the stove. 2. Obtain the measurements of base
4. Heat a pan with a little grease on and height.
the stove. 3. Multiply base by the height.
5. Break the egg and pour it into the 4. Get the area of the rectangle.
pan. 5. Stop.
6. Add some salt.
7. wait for it to be cooked.
8. Serve it and eat it.
9. Stop.

Page 8 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

DEVELOPMENT.

Practice 1. Ordering algorithms. 10%

Type: Solve the algorithms presented online.
Term: November 9 to 14, 2023.
Submission format: Solve the algorithms presented to you online.
Way of working: Individual.

Save a file as PDF in Word.

_____ Choose where Word will save the file.

_____ Start.
_____ Go to the “File” menu in Office.
_____ Type a name that will help you easily recognize the file, in the section, “File name”.
_____ Click on the “Save” button to complete the changes.
_____ Click on the “Save As” option.
_____ End.
_____ In the “Type” section, click on the drop-down menu and choose “PDF” as the file type.

Prepare some popcorn in a microwave oven.

_____ Open the microwave oven.

_____ Press the amount of preparation time for popcorn.
_____ End.
_____ Unfold the popcorn package.
_____ Start.
_____ Once the preparation process is finished in the microwave, open the microwave door.
_____ Place the popcorn package in the microwave with the right side down.
_____ Remove the popcorn package from the cellophane wrapper.
_____ Remove the popcorn package and prepare to enjoy it.
_____ Close the microwave oven door, with the bag of popcorn inside it.

Page 9 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

THE PROBLEM-SOLVING METHODOLOGY.

Before talking about problem-solving methodologies, you must be very clear about
the concept of method, which throughout history has attracted the attention of a large
number of philosophers and scientists. The Larousse Dictionary defines the term method as
"the set of ordered operations with which a result is intended to be obtained". The
methodology is the science that applies this method.

There are many types of methodologies, such as research methodology, teaching-

learning methodology, etc., as well as problem-solving methodology, which we constantly
apply in daily life. But in this case, we will talk specifically about the solution of problems that
we can solve by using the computer.

The resolution of the problems consists of 5 stages that guarantee the correct arrival to
the solution:

1. THE IDENTIFICATION (definition) OF THE PROBLEM.

The identification of the problem is a very important phase in the methodology since it
depends on the subsequent development in search of the solution. A well-defined problem
is a great help for the overall process to move well; an ill-defined problem will cause
conceptual deviations that will be difficult to remedy later.

At this stage, the analysis of the initial information (input) is essential to distinguish the
relevant data from those that are not, so that the most convenient configuration can be
chosen for the possible solutions.

Output data should also be defined to ensure the continuity of the process to make it
easier to eliminate negative expectations.

2. EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS.

After the definition of the problem and the analysis of the input data, the process
continues with the analysis of the solution alternatives. In general, the solution to a
problem can be achieved in different ways.

It is useful to try to propose as many alternative solutions as possible because in this

way the probabilities increase in favor of finding the right way.

It should be noted that it is not convenient to extend the number of alternatives too much
because if the number of these is too high, there will be a greater difficulty in choosing the
best of all, which is ultimately the objective of the process.

Page 10 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

3. SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION.

After having the entire repertoire of alternatives, it is necessary to move on to another

stage: the choice of the best one, among all the possibilities. This phase is very
important because the final progress towards the solution depends on the choice made.

Forward orientation assumes irreversibility if the decision is correct or a "costly

reversibility", because if the decision is not correct, it is necessary to go back, which affects
the "optimality" of the process.

Therefore, it is necessary that each alternative be well analyzed so that decision-making

is well justified. You must choose the most appropriate alternative for solving problems,
taking into account the characteristics of the problem and the characteristics that the solution
should have, as well as the elements, data, or information you have.

4. THE IMPLEMENT OF THE SOLUTION.

After deciding which is the best alternative of all, the solution stage is reached.

In this phase, based on the data related to the selected alternative, the necessary
operations are applied to solve the problem.

The selection of the processes must also be determined based on the optimization, that
is, the operations must reach the solution by the shortest path to guarantee the greatest
efficiency in the operation.

If the alternative is the optimal one, it will lead to the desired solution that was foreseen
in the identification of the problem.

5. THE EVALUATION OF THE SOLUTION.

After having developed the solution, there is still one stage left, which is evaluation.

In industrial processes, this procedure is called “quality control” and consists of

determining that the solution obtained is what was expected to be achieved,
checking that the result is correct.

In this phase, the processes already carried out must be "polished" and try to take
them to a higher degree of optimization, since the most efficient algorithm in solving a
problem is the one that reaches its final objective with the greatest economy of procedures
that is possible.

Page 11 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Example:
Carolina knows that in the market is promoting two sodas for $ 19.50, she
has $ 78.00 pesos and wants to know, how many sodas she can buy?

Statement: If two sodas cost $19.50, how many can we buy with $78.00?

How many sodas can be purchased?

1. Problem Input: the price of 2 sodas = $ 19.50,
identification. the amount of money available = $ 78.00.
Output: Total of sodas that can be bought with $78.00.

$ 78 / $ 19.50= 4
2. Exploring alternative 4*2= 8 sodas
solutions. $ 19.50 / 2= $ 9.75
$ 78 / $ 19.50 =4
3. Select an alternative
$ 78/ $ 19.50= 4
solution.
4*2= 8 sodas.
1. 1. Start.
2. 2. Get the price of sodas.
3. 3. Get the amount of money she has.
4. 4. Divide the amount of money by the price of sodas.
4. The Implement of
5. 5. Multiply the result of the division by the number of sodas that
the solution.
integrates the price.
6. 6. Show the number of sodas that can be purchased with that
amount of money.
7. 7. Stop.
1. Start.
2. Price: 19.50
3. Money: 78.00
5. The evaluation of the
4. 78.00 / 19.50= 4
solution.
5. 4*2= 8
6. "She can buy 8 sodas"
7. Stop.

Page 12 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

WHAT IS A FLOWCHART?
A FLOWCHART is the graphical representation of an algorithm. They
are based on the use of various symbols to represent specific operations.

They are called flowcharts because the symbols used are

connected by arrows to indicate the sequence of the
operation.

SYMBOLS USED.
The symbols used for the design are subject to standardization. This
means they became almost universal symbols, since, in the beginning,
each user could have their symbols to represent his processes in the form
of a flowchart. This meant that only those who knew their symbols could
interpret them.

The symbology used for the elaboration of flowcharts is variable

and must conform to universally pre-established standards for such
symbols or data.

The following symbols are the main ones:

• Data flow: Indicates the sequence (flow) of the

operations in the flowchart, which also indicates the
direction and trajectory to follow.
• Start and Stop: It’s used to indicate the beginning and the end
of a flowchart, the words “START” and “STOP” are placed inside
this figure to make them more explicit.

• Processing: This is the most commonly used symbol. It is used

to represent a certain event or determined process or
processes, that is(are) controlled within the flowchart in which
it is found, addition, subtraction, and any other operation are
considered as a process.
• Decision making. It is used to represent an operation that has
at least two possible answers, for each of which there is a path
of continuation of the process. This means that from this part,

Page 13 of 31
 Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

the process in the flowchart has two or more possible paths.

• Connector: It represents a connection point between

processes. It is used when is necessary to divide a flowchart into
several parts or processes within the same page, for reasons of
space or simplicity. It is used to connect processes within the
same sheet. Most of the time numbers are used inside the
circles to refer to the sections of the flowchart.

• Data entry: It represents an input/output operation, this

symbol indicates the initial values to be received by the process.
This is done by assigning letters or variable names to each of the
values and writing these letters inside the figure.

• Display of results: This symbol is used to show a result, which

may represent the problem solution to be solved and was
achieved through the rest of the flowchart.

Inside this figure, the variable with the final result or the
message representing the final result will be written

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOWCHARTS

✓ There is always a path that allows getting a solution (End of the algorithm.)
✓ There is only one start on the process.
✓ There is only one end for the flow process (except by the rhombus which
indicates a comparison with two possible paths).

Page 14 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOWCHART.

The following are previous actions for the development of a flowchart:

o Identify the main ideas to be included in the flowchart.

o Define what is expected to obtain from the flowchart.
o Identify who will use it and how.
o Establish the required detail level
o Determine the limits of the described process.

The steps we must follow to do a flowchart are:

✓ Establish the scope of the process to be described. In this way, the beginning and the

end of the process will be fixed. Frequently the beginning of one process is the output

of the previous process, and the end of one process is the beginning of the next process.

✓ Identify and list the main activities/sub-processes which are included in the whole

process to be described and their chronological order.

✓ If the level of detail defined includes minor activities, they must be listed as well.

✓ Identify and list the decision points.

✓ Do the flowchart respecting the chronological sequence and assigning their

corresponding symbols.

✓ Assign a title to the diagram and verify that it be complete and accurately describes

the chosen process.

Page 15 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

ADVANTAGES OF FLOWCHARTS.

➢ They favor the understanding of the process by showing it as a drawing.

➢ They allow identifying the problems and opportunities for process improvement.
➢ The redundant steps, re-process flows, authority conflicts, responsibilities, jams,
and decision points are identified.
➢ They are an excellent tool for training new employees as well as those who do the
task when process improvements are done.
➢ They systematize and synthesize data and processes.
➢ The analysis of the relationships shown can suggest new forms of relationships.

RULES TO DESIGN FLOWCHARTS.

There are certain rules for the design of flowcharts, which must be
followed to give a proper interpretation of the algorithm, these are:

• They must be designed from top to bottom or from left to right.

• The symbols are joined with flow lines, which thanks to their arrows they

determine the flow that the program will follow.

• The Flowlines only can be horizontal or vertical, never diagonal.

• No flowlines should be left without connecting with another symbol.

• The text included in the symbols must be concrete, precise, and easy to read.

• The decision symbol is the only one that has more than one output flowline.

• All the symbols, except the end symbol, can have more than one output flowline.

Page 16 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

EXAMPLE OF A FLOWCHART, using PSeInt.

Problem statement: Do an algorithm to calculate the sum of two numbers and represent the algorithm
graphically.

Analysis of the problem. Algorithm. Flowchart.

Input:

A & B represent the two

numbers.

Process:
Sum = A + B

Output:
The result is the sum.

Page 17 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

CONDITIONAL OR SELECTIVE, STRUCTURES:

Conditional, also known as selective structures compare a variable against another
variable or other variables and based on the result of this comparison a course of
action is followed within the program. It is worth mentioning that the comparison can
be made against another variable or a constant, as needed.

There are three basic types:

✓ Sequential: This consists of placing each instruction one after the other
without any type of skips in the sequence.

✓ Conditional or Selective: This carries out certain instructions when a

condition is met.

Page 18 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Types of conditional or selective structures:

yes Simple: They are known as “decision

Condition making”.
Tasks to do if the condition
is affirmative.
IF structure

Double conditional (If – then - yes

else). It carries out one or Condition

another series of instructions, Tasks to do if the condition

Tasks to do if the condition
depending on the option is false. is affirmative.

selected from two possible

established.

Condition
yes Tasks to do if
the condition is
Multiple conditional: This carries out
1 affirmative. instructions, depending on the
condition selected, It is similar to
ye Tasks to do if
Condition s the condition is working using several double selective
2 affirmative.
structures.
ye Tasks to do if
Condition s the condition is
3 affirmative. The example shows the Case structure.

Page 19 of 31
 Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

EXAMPLE DOUBLE CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE:

Luis wants to process his voter credential and as a requirement is that
he must be 18 years old. Design the algorithm and flowchart to know if the
credential can be authorized based on the year of birth and the current year.
As a result, it should be shown the message: “Credential Authorized”
otherwise, the message “Credential not authorized” must be shown.

Analysis of the problem. Algorithm. Flowchart.

Input: Year of birth.

Current year.

Process:

Age = Current year – year of birth.

If age >=18

Output:

Yes: Authorized credential.

NO: Unauthorized credential.

Page 20 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Practice 2. Sequential and selective problems. 20%

Type: Work with your teacher to solve a series of five sequential and five selective
problems, following the requested structure to present them in Word.
Term: November 13 to 17, 2023.
Submission format: a Word document sent through the school platform.
Way of working: Individual.

Instructions: Use the problem-solving methodology (following the model shown in the
table below), and solve the next series of sequential problems.

Problem 1.
Wording example: Carolina knows that in the market they have a promotion of two
sodas for $ 19.50, she has $ 78.00 pesos and wants to know, how many sodas can she
buy.

Problem Analysis.
Input. (What data will be entered into
the computer.)
Process. (What is the follow-up Example: Here you will write an example of the
process, step-by-step to get the algorithm, but using and describing what is the
solution. input data, the steps of the process and the
Output. (What is the information we solution offered.
get once the algorithm is done.)

Page 21 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

SEQUENTIAL PROBLEMS.

1. Determine the area of any rectangle by asking for the data.

2. Convert minutes to seconds, by asking the number of minutes.

3. Given the length of the sides of any triangle, calculate the hypotenuse.

4. A salesperson receives a fixed salary, plus an extra 20% commission on his

total monthly sales, they want to know how much money they will get in

commissions for three sales they made in a month and the total to receive

based on their fixed salary and commissions earned.

5. A student wants to know what his final grade in the subject of Digital

Citizenship 1 will be: This grade is made up of the following percentages:

✓ 50% of the grade point average of his four partial grades.

✓ 50% of the grade obtained in the Semester exam.

Page 22 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

SELECTIVE PROBLEMS.
For the following selective problems, you will use the table below, where you will
add the steps of your algorithm to achieve the solution, and draw the flowchart,
inserting the forms available in Word.

Problem. Type here the number of the problem solved.

Identification of the problem: Type here, based on what the exercise tells us,
what is the problem you are trying to solve.

Problem analysis. Algorithm.

Input:

Process:

Output:

Flowchart.

1. Indicate whether a number entered is positive, negative or neutral (zero) by

means of a message on the screen indicating what number it is, and what
type it is.

2. Ask the age of a person, and based on the number entered, display the
message, “is not of legal age” otherwise “is of legal age”. (From 18 onwards,
it will be considered the majority of age).

3. Show the name, position, and weekly salary of a person by calculating it in

the following way:
• If a person works 40 hours or less, they are paid $50.00 an hour.
• If they work more than 40 hours, the hours overtimed are paid $100.00, the
rest are paid at $50.00 per hour.

Page 23 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

4. Calculate the total cost of a given number of items. A 15% discount is applied
if the amount exceeds $1000.00.

5. Show how a student did on an online exam. To achieve this, the grades of
the two attempts will be read and compared, and the grade will be the higher
of the two grades. The message on the screen should also show which grade
he got first, which grade he got second, and which grade he got as his final
grade.

CLOSURE.

Practice 3. Working on PSeInt. 20%

Type: You will use PSeInt, to solve the problems form the previous practice. Take
screenshots of each exercise and put them in a neat and orderly arrangement in a Word
document to grade them.
Term for submissions: November 21 to 24, 2023.
Submission format: a Word document sent through the school platform.
Way of working: Individual.

EVALUATION OF THE FOURTH PERIOD.

Evaluation. 50%

Date: Thursday, November 30, 2023.

Time: 8:20 to 9:10 a.m.
Format: You will take a written exam.
Way of working: Individual.

Page 24 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

ANNEXES:

SOME RECOMMENDED SITES FOR CARRYING OUT YOUR RESEARCH WORKS.

Google Scholar: Google Academic Search Engine.

https://scholar.google.es/schhp?hl=es

It allows searches of varied information supported by the Google search engine, the
advantage of this site is that it allows you to make citations of works used in a relatively
simple way, such as in APA format.

Dialnet, Universidad de la Rioja, Spain.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/

It allows you to search for information, in databases of books, journals, documents, among
others, for academic works, it has brief summaries.

Refseek.

https://www.refseek.com/

Search engine for documents with academic topics in general.

JSTOR. Academic search engine, specialized in humanities, history, etc.

https://www.jstor.org/

It is a search engine with a large database of humanities materials especially, like Google
Scholar, JSTOR allows citations of the contents taken, with relative ease.

PUBMED Search engine in English for topics in the field of medicine.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Search engine for materials exclusively with medical topics.

Although the site and content are both in English, it also allows you to make references
easily to follow APA format.

Page 25 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

FURWEE.AI Chat tool based on artificial intelligence (AI)

https://furwee.ai/home

It allows you to ask questions and get answers about any topic, its interface follows an
attractive presentation for children, but the questions and answers it offers can be applied
to any academic level and topics.

Disadvantage: It takes time to load, but once the program is executed, it works
comfortably.

Page 26 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Most common keys and their use

Some keys widely used when working on a computer are the following.

“ENTER”. We use this key, so that what is written on the screen, is

accepted by the computer, make a line break, among other
commands.

“SPACEBAR”, As the name implies, pressing it adds spaces

between words, letters, etc. every time we press it small
spaces are added to our document, unlike TAB key which has
large and predetermined spaces.

“TABULATION OR TAB” When pressed, it allows us to add larger

spaces than with the spacebar, in a line of text, unlike pressing the
spacebar, the TAB key, already has spaces marked between one
and another space.
Esta foto de Autor

“SHIFT” it also appears with the name "Mayús", or it may even

appear only with a pointing up arrow image, but the function
remains the same. Normally, when pressed and held down, it
causes the text we add to be written in uppercase, when we release
the key, the text is stopped in uppercase, and returns to the lowercase format, it is also
usually combined with other keys to execute shortcuts.

“Bloq Mayús” normally appears above the "Shift" key on the keyboard,
the main difference with the previous key, is that it is not necessary to
have it pressed to write everything in uppercase, it is only pressed to
activate the capitalization and pressed again to deactivate them.

“Control”, & “ALT” keys, they do not have a use on their

own, but are combined with other keys to perform certain
commands.

Page 27 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

“ESC” or “Escape”, It is commonly used to cancel certain commands or

actions that we have given.

“BACKSPACE” When we press this key, it does the opposite of

the space bar, that is, if we use the spacebar to advance in small
spaces forward, the backspace key allows us to go back in the
text, but with the difference that, in doing so, we eliminate what
you have written along the way.

“Delete” It allows us to eliminate what we have

selected at that moment, either it text, images,
etc.

“Win” or “Windows”, On some keyboards this key appears, which serves

to open the Start menu on our computer, but, in addition, combined with
other keys, allows us to do other operations such as taking a screenshot
on our computer.

“FUNCIÓN KEYS” These keys, ranging from the

"F1" key to the "F12", have different options,
often depending on what action is assigned
according to the program, for example, if we are
on the Internet and we want a page to reload, we
press the F5 key, sometimes the F1 key opens the help menu in some programs. In the
case of Excel, to set a reference in cells, we press the F4 key.

“AltGr” by pressing it and holding it down while pressing a key

that has more than one character assigned on the keyboard
(those that have more than one character drawn on the key)
allow us to access those special characters, for example in the
image below, if we press the "AltGr" key together with the 2 key,
the "at" symbol would be written, "@".

Note: "When you see the " + " sign between one key and another,
it does not usually mean that you have to also press the plus sign,
but it refers to the fact that you have to press one key followed by
the other without releasing them to execute an instruction, when it was already executed
we release the keys pressed.

Page 28 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Some keyboard shortcuts in Windows.

Windows + (Mayús or Shift) + S

When we press this key combination, the screen that we have
at that moment is shaded, if we drag our mouse cursor over a
certain area, that part is captured as if it were a photograph.

Alt + Tab.
By pressing them allows us to navigate between the
applications that we have open at that time, on our computer.

Ctrl o Control + the key with the letter “g” on our

keyboard.
It helps us to quickly save a file, without having to go to the "File" menu "Save" this is
especially useful when we have already saved our file and we just want to make sure that
our document is being saved.

Ctrl + C
This combination allows us to copy what is selected, it can be
text, images, etc.

Ctrl + V
Combination that when pressed allows us to paste what we
have copied before, or that we have cut.

Ctrl + X
This combination, allows you to cut something from a document,
does not delete it as the "delete / del" key does it, or copy the content as the “Ctrl + C”
combination does it, but it removes the content from a place, what we have selected and
leaves it temporarily saved in the “RAM” memory so that we can paste it elsewhere with the
“Ctrl + V” combination or by pressing the right mouse button and choosing the “paste”
option, even when using the “Windows key + V” to use Windows clipboard.

Page 29 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

Bibliography.

Cultura digital 1.
Patricia Ibáñez Carrasco.
Cengage.
Unidad 4. Procesamiento y presentación de información en línea.

Page 30 of 31
Digital Culture 1. Fourth period.

“Con las piedras que encuentres en el camino,

puedes enojarte y desgastarte en verlos como
enemigos, o seguir caminando, y recordarles como
compañeros, incluso hermanos de enseñanzas de
vida.”

P. Ignacio Larrañanga.
Conferencia, “Del Sufrimiento a la Paz.”

Page 31 of 31