Entangled Magazine

Pulse: Geopolitics & War

Volu m e 87 Au gu st 2024

Pu blish ed
by
An t h on y Pat ch

Edit ed
by
Kat h leen Pat ch
 Table of Con t en t s

Com m en t ar y Pages 1 - 16

Nu clear War h eads: East vs. West Pages 12 - 15

U.S. an d NATO For eign Aid To Uk r ain e Pages 16 - 17

Pr esiden t ial Dr aw dow n Au t h or it y (PDA) Pages 18 - 26

DoD Over valu ed Lat est PDA Pages 26 - 29

For eign M ilit ar y Fin an cin g (FM F) Page 30 - 32

Uk r ain e Secu r it y Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI) Pages 33 - 53

Fact Sh eet on U.S. Secu r it y Assist an ce

t o Uk r ain e Page 54
U.S. Is Sen din g Uk r ain e Lon ger -r an ge Weapon s Pages 55 - 62

U.S . Is " Close t o Agr eem en t " On JASSM

For Uk r ain e Page 63

Biden's 'New ' Nu clear St r at egy

an d Th e Su per -f u se Th at Set s It Of f Page 64
Th e Au gu st edit ion of En t an gled m agazin e displays on t h e cover
an open in g scen e of gover n m en t an d w ar ext r act ed f r om ou r n ew
Pu lse video ser ies. New on You Tu be, w e an alyze an d su m m ar ize
cu r r en t geopolit ical issu es im pact in g ou r w or ld. Th ou gh secu lar
in it s appr oach , clear ly, w e f in d ou r selves in t h e m idst of t h e
Biblically f or et old " w ar s an d r u m ou r s of w ar s" an d on t h e br in k
of a possible n u clear w ar .

And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye

be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but
the end is not yet. M at t h ew 24:6 KJV

Th is edit ion pr esen t s a det ailed exam in at ion of bot h t h e

w eapon r y bein g em ployed an d t h e delu sion al solu t ion s of f er ed
u p t o r esolve t h ese con f lict s. Add t o t h is t h e pu r posef u l
ban k r u pt in g of t h e global econ om ic syst em w h ich w ill r esu lt in a
r eset u n der t h e dict at or sh ip of a global w or ld leader .

Tw o pr im ar y con f lict s t h r eat en in g t h e u se of n u clear w eapon s

ar e occu r r in g in t h e M iddle East bet w een Isr ael/ U.S., Ir an ,
Hezbollah , Ham as, t h e Hou t h is, an d in t h e Uk r ain e/ U.S. alon g
w it h NATO again st Ru ssia. Wh ile t h e M iddle East f in ds it self in a
t em por ar y st alem at e, East er n Eu r ope is con t in u in g it s escalat ion
t h r ou gh t h e in cr easin g deliver ies by t h e West of advan ced
w eapon r y, in clu din g lon g-r an ge, n u clear -capable t act ical m issile
syst em s.
Page 1
Sin ce t h e bom bin g of Hir osh im a an d Nagasak i in Au gu st of 1945,
t h e u se of n u clear w eapon s h as been gen er ally r egar ded as
"of f -lim it s" . Th e w or ld sh ou ld n ot t ak e t h is f or gr an t ed. Hist or y
h as dem on st r at ed t h at w h en n at ion al leader s ar e losin g w ar s, f or
exam ple, Ben jam in Net an yah u an d Volodym yr Zelen sk yy, t h ey
m ay con sider desper at e m easu r es.

Th e spect er of def eat , or even t h e m er e per cept ion of h avin g lost

a bat t le, dam ages t h eir ego an d posit ion of pow er in t h e eyes of
t h eir con st it u en t s. Th e u n t h in k able n ow becom es plau sible an d
t h e u se of n u clear w eapon s is an opt ion on t h e t able.

Page 2
Ru ssia h as n ear ly 5,580 w ar h eads, som e n ow st at ion ed in
Belar u s. Th e US ow n s a lit t le m or e t h an 5,748 w ar h eads, som e
st at ion ed in It aly, Tu r k ey, Belgiu m , Ger m an y, an d t h e
Net h er lan ds.

Page 3
On Febr u ar y 20, 2014, t h e Ru sso-Uk r ain ian w ar escalat ed. In t h e
pr e-daw n h ou r s of Febr u ar y 24, 2022, U.S. an d NATO leader s
deliver ed r h et or ical t h r eat s of n u clear r et aliat ion again st Ru ssian
f or ces. In M ay of 2024, sim ilar st at em en t s w er e declar ed w h en
Ru ssia m oved su b-st r at egic (i.e. t act ical) n u clear w eapon s in t o
n eigh bor in g Belar u s.

In 2023, Ru ssia deployed sever al h u n dr ed su b-st r at egic n u clear

w eapon s close t o NATO t er r it or ies. For t h e f ir st t im e, sin ce t h e
post -Cold War er a, t h er e n ow exist s a h eigh t en ed r isk of n u clear
w ar f ar e in volvin g t h ese n at ion -st at es. How ever , in com par ison
t o bot h Net an yah u an d Velen sk yy, Vladim ir Pu t in is n ot act in g
ou t of desper at ion , bu t r at h er f r om a posit ion of st r at egic
st r en gt h .
Page 4
Logically, f r om a st r at egic m ilit ar y st an dpoin t , t h e available
r esou r ces w it h in Ru ssia f ar exceed t h ose of t h e Uk r ain e, NATO,
an d U.S. com bin ed. Th e st r at egic m in dset of t h ese n at ion -st at e
leader s is delu sion al an d h ear k en s back t o t h e collapse of t h e
f or m er Soviet Un ion .

The map shows Russian strategic nuclear forces, bases, and other
facilities.

In t h e secon d qu ar t er of 2024, Ru ssia exper ien ced an econ om ic

gr ow t h of 4%, despit e t h e U.S. an n ou n cem en t in Febr u ar y
im posin g over 500 n ew san ct ion s again st Ru ssia. Con ver sely,
t h ese san ct ion s n egat ively im pact ed t h e U.S. Gr oss Dom est ic
Pr odu ct (GDP) r edu cin g it by 2.8% in t h e secon d qu ar t er of 2024.
Th e U.S. r ealized an ot h er 1.2% declin e in t h e t h ir d qu ar t er .

Page 5
Sin ce t h e daw n of t h e in du st r ial age, a n at ion's econ om ic
capacit y h as been con sider ed a pr im ar y f or ce in det er m in in g it s
m ilit ar y 's abilit y t o in f lict sign if ican t dam age u pon it s en em ies.
As Napoleon opin ed, "an ar m y m ar ch es on it s st om ach ,"
sign if yin g t h e n ecessit y of a m ilit ar y bein g w ell-pr ovision ed.

A pr esen t exam ple is t h e Au gu st 6, 2024, in vasion of t h e Ku r sk

Oblast (r egion ) of Ru ssia by com bin ed NATO an d Uk r ain ian
f or ces. Su bsequ en t ly, t h ese f or ces h ave been su r r ou n ded an d
t h eir r et r eat den ied by Ru ssian t r oops. All oppor t u n it ies f or
r ein f or cem en t an d r e-su pply h ave been cu t of f . Of t h e est im at ed
12,000 t r oops deployed, over 7,000 h ave been k illed, in ju r ed, or
capt u r ed by t h e Ru ssian m ilit ar y.

Page 6
Page 7
As a dir ect r esu lt of t h is disast r ou s in vasion of Ru ssian t er r it or y,
Uk r ain e polit ical an d m ilit ar y leader s h ave in cr eased t h eir
dem an ds t o t h e Biden adm in ist r at ion f or per m ission t o u se U.S.
lon g-r an ge Ar m y Tact ical M issile Syst em s (ATACM S), t ar get in g
air bases w it h in Ru ssian t er r it or y.

Page 8
On Sat u r day, Au gu st 31, Uk r ain ian Def en se M in ist er
Ru st em Um ier ov deliver ed t o U.S. of f icials in Wash in gt on ,
a list of t ar get s f or t h ese U.S.-su pplied m issiles. Recen t ly,
Uk r ain ian leader Volodym yr Zelen sk yy pu blicly declar ed
t h e cit ies of St . Pet er sbu r g an d even M oscow as t h e
pr im ar y t ar get s of t h e ATACM S lon g-r an ge m issiles. Su ch
an an n ou n cem en t is eviden ce of bot h delu sion al t h in k in g
an d desper at ion , pr im ar ily as a r esu lt of t h e on goin g
ext er m in at ion of Uk r ain e, NATO an d U.S. t r oops w it h in t h e
Ku r sk Oblast (r egion ) of Ru ssia.

Page 9
?If somebody?s actions threaten our sovereignty and
territorial integrity, we consider it possible to use all means
at our disposal,? Pu t in said, cit in g w h at h e said is h is
cou n t r y ?s secu r it y policy.

?For some reason, they believe in the West that Russia will
never use it,? Pu t in t old a gr ou p of in t er n at ion al jou r n alist s,
addin g t h at Ru ssia?s n u clear ar sen al is m u ch m or e pow er f u l
t h at w h at t h e U.S. u sed in Hir osh im a an d Nagasak i in Japan
du r in g Wor ld War II. - By VOA New s Ju n e 5, 2024

Page 10
In M ay, Vladim ir Pu t in pu blicly an n ou n ced m issile dr ills w er e
h eld in Ru ssia's Sou t h er n M ilit ar y Dist r ict adjoin in g Uk r ain e.
Th ese exer cises w er e in t en ded t o display t h e pr eem pt ive u se of
su bst r at egic (i.e. t act ical) n u clear w eapon s again st Uk r ain e an d
NATO.

Specif ically, Ru ssia h as m oved h u n dr eds of su bst r at egic n u clear

w eapon s t o t h e Kalin in gr ad Pen in su la, adjoin in g Polan d an d
Lit h u an ia on eit h er side.

Ru ssian m ilit ar y an d polit ical leader s h ave in dicat ed t h e m issile

dr ills ar e a dir ect r esu lt of NATO m em ber (i.e. Fr an ce, t h e UK)
st at em en t s pr ospect ively au t h or izin g t h e deploym en t of NATO
t r oops in t o Uk r ain e. In addit ion , t h e u se of ATACM S lon g-r an ge
m issiles deep w it h in Ru ssian t er r it or ies.

Page 11
 Ru ssia Sign als It s Of f icial St an ce On Usin g Nu clear
Weapon s Is Abou t To Ch an ge, Accu sin g Th e West Of
?Escalat ion?
Pu blish ed by CNBC
Tu e, Sep 3 2024 1:16 AM EDT
Holly Ellyat t

Speak in g t o Ru ssian st at e m edia agen cy Tass on

Su n day, Ryabk ov said w or k w as ?at an advan ced
st age? t o am en d Ru ssia?s n u clear doct r in e gover n in g
t h e u se of n u clear w eapon s.

?Th er e is a clear dir ect ion t o m ak e adju st m en t s, w h ich

ar e also con dit ion ed by t h e st u dy an d an alysis of t h e
exper ien ce of con f lict developm en t in r ecen t year s,
in clu din g ... ever yt h in g r elat ed t o t h e escalat ion cou r se
of ou r West er n oppon en t s in con n ect ion w it h t h e SVO
[special m ilit ar y oper at ion ],? Ryabk ov said, r ef er r in g t o
Ru ssia?s on goin g in vasion of Uk r ain e.
Page 12
Ryabk ov did n ot specif y w h en an y ch an ges w ou ld be
f in alized, sayin g, ?t h e t im e f or com plet in g t h is w or k is a
r at h er dif f icu lt qu est ion , given t h at w e ar e t alk in g abou t
t h e m ost im por t an t aspect s of en su r in g ou r n at ion al
secu r it y,? h e said, in com m en t s t r an slat ed by Google.

Page 13
Uk r ain e h as been t h e pr im ar y r ecipien t of U.S. f or eign aid in t h e
f or m of ar m am en t s, f in an cial, per son n el an d polit ical
con t r ibu t ion s. Wh ile in gen er al, NATO cou n t r ies ar e avoidin g
dir ect deploym en t of t h eir t r oops, in an ef f or t t o m in im ize
escalat ion t h at cou ld in cr ease t h e r isk of a n u clear con f r on t at ion
w it h Ru ssia. Over t h e past year , t h ese cou n t r ies h ave pr ovided
Uk r ain e w it h t h e lat est in ar m am en t s an d f in an cial su ppor t .

To dat e, t h e U.S. Con gr ess, in su ppor t of t h e Uk r ain ian

gover n m en t , h as passed f ive appr opr iat ion bills t ot alin g $174.2
billion , a lar ge per cen t age of w h ich is goin g t o U.S. m ilit ar y
m an u f act u r er s. NATO an d t h e EU cou n t r ies ar e also pr ovidin g
sign if ican t aid t o Uk r ain e.

Page 14
U.S. m an u f act u r er s of m ilit ar y gr ade equ ipm en t r eceive a
sign if ican t pr opor t ion of t h e f ive Con gr ession al f u n din g bills,
in clu din g f or t h e r eplen ish m en t of w eapon s su pplies t h e
Depar t m en t of Def en se (DoD) h as dr aw n dow n sin ce Au gu st of
2021. Th ese m an u f act u r er s ar e locat ed w it h in m or e t h an seven t y
U.S. cit ies.

In Ju ly of t h is year , t h e Biden adm in ist r at ion an n ou n ced t h e U.S.

is com m it t in g $1.5 billion in n ew w eapon s an d equ ipm en t t o
Uk r ain e t h r ou gh t h e Uk r ain e Secu r it y Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI).
Th is r epr esen t s t h e 20t h USAI pack age an d t h e 62n d t r an ch e
(por t ion ) of equ ipm en t t o be dr aw n dow n f r om Depar t m en t of
Def en se (DoD) in ven t or ies.

Page 15
On e year in t o Ru ssia?s w ar in Uk r ain e, Con gr ess h as appr opr iat ed
$113.4 billion t o t h e cou n t r y. M ost of t h is h as gon e t o w eapon s
an d m ilit ar y su ppor t , w h ile less t h an h alf h as gon e t o com bin ed
h u m an it ar ian an d econ om ic assist an ce.

Du r in g t h e year of Febr u ar y 2022-23, t h e U.S. Con gr ess h as passed

f ou r su pplem en t al appr opr iat ion s bills t h at pr ovided aid t o
Uk r ain e. Pr esiden t Biden sign ed all f ou r in t o law. Table 1 (n ext
page) in clu des a br eak dow n of t h e f eder al aid t o Uk r ain e in t h ese
su pplem en t al bills.

Page 16
As n ot ed in table 1, t h e t ot al aid t h e U.S. h as appr opr iat ed f or
Uk r ain e is $113.4 billion . Th is t ook t h e f or m of m ilit ar y, econ om ic,
an d h u m an it ar ian aid. A br eak dow n of each su pplem en t al bill
an d am ou n t of f u n ds f or each t ype of aid is pr esen t ed in table 2.

Page 17
Alt h ou gh Con gr ess h as appr opr iat ed $113.4 billion in aid t o
Uk r ain e, n ot all of t h is assist an ce h as been sen t t o Uk r ain e yet .
M ost of t h is aid f alls u n der t h e Pr esiden t ial Dr aw dow n Au t h or it y
(PDA), w h ich allow s t h e Pr esiden t t o deliver w eapon s an d ot h er
assist an ce ? appr opr iat ed by Con gr ess? f r om Pen t agon
st ock piles at h is discr et ion .

In addit ion, t h e Adm in ist r at ion can sen d aid t h r ou gh ot h er

ch an n els appr opr iat ed by Con gr ess: Th e Uk r ain e Secu r it y
Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI) an d For eign M ilit ar y Fin an cin g (FM F).
USAI allow s t h e f eder al gover n m en t t o w or k w it h pr ivat e def en se
con t r act or s t o pr ovide w eapon s, equ ipm en t , an d t r ain in g t o
Uk r ain e?s m ilit ar y. It w as cr eat ed bef or e t h e 2022 w ar in Uk r ain e
began an d is a par t of t h e Pen t agon?s base bu dget .

Page 18
Pr esiden t Biden h as au t h or ized var iou s aid pack ages t o Uk r ain e
w it h f u n ds t h at Con gr ess h as alr eady appr opr iat ed u n der t h e
su pplem en t al bills ou t lin ed above. Table 3 sh ow s h ow m u ch
assist an ce Pr esiden t Biden h as au t h or ized f or Uk r ain e u n der t h e
PDA.

Page 19
FM F gives t h e Pr esiden t t h e au t h or it y t o pr ocu r e def en se ar t icles
f or cou n t r ies an d allow s par t n er cou n t r ies t o pu r ch ase def en se
equ ipm en t f r om t h e U.S. an d access f or eign m ilit ar y t r ain in g
pr ogr am s. Th e St at e Depar t m en t set s t h e policy f or FM F w h ile t h e
Def en se Depar t m en t m an ages t h e pr ogr am . M an y ot h er cou n t r ies
par t icipat e in FM F. Table 4 br eak s dow n h ow m u ch f u n ds Uk r ain e
h as r eceived u n der t h e USAI an d FM F sin ce t h e st ar t of t h e w ar in
Febr u ar y 2022.

Page 20
Th e Un it ed St at es also h as been pr ovidin g def en se it em s t o
Uk r ain e via Pr esiden t ial Dr aw dow n Au t h or it y (PDA), by w h ich t h e
Pr esiden t can au t h or ize t h e im m ediat e t r an sf er of ar t icles an d
ser vices f r om U.S. st ock s w it h ou t con gr ession al appr oval in
r espon se t o an ?u n f or eseen em er gen cy ? (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)).
Sin ce Au gu st 2021, t h e Biden Adm in ist r at ion h as au t h or ized 11
dr aw dow n s valu ed at $4.26 billion

Page 21
Dr aw n f r om DoD in ven t or ies is som e $200 m illion w or t h of
w eapon s an d equ ipm en t via t h e Pr esiden t ial Dr aw dow n
Au t h or it y (PDA). Th is in clu des air def en se in t er cept or s,
m u n it ion s f or r ock et syst em s, ar t iller y an d an t i-t an k w eapon s.

Page 22
As of Au gu st 23 2024, t h e U.S. h as pr ovided m or e t h an $55.5
billion in m ilit ar y assist an ce sin ce Febr u ar y 24 2022. In addit ion ,
appr oxim at ely $58.3 billion in m ilit ar y equ ipm en t an d logist ical
su ppor t sin ce Febr u ar y 2014.

Pursuant to a delegation by the President, we have used the

emergency Presidential Drawdown Authority on 49 occasions
since August 2021 to provide Ukraine military assistance
totally approximately $25 billion from DoD stockpiles.

Page 23
On August 14, 2023, the Department announced the first of
several packages utilizing previously authorized PDA Authority.
During DoD?s regular oversight of their execution of previous
Presidential Drawdown Authority for Ukraine, they discovered
that they had been incorrectly overvaluing the weapons and
equipment in previous PDAs that had been authorized or
Ukraine. DoD then undertook a review using the appropriate
accounting method, which restored $6.2 billion that can be
used under Congressionally authorized drawdown authority to
provide arms and equipment to meet Ukraine?s urgent security
requirements.

Page 24
When calculating the average annual costs (in 2022 prices) of
previous wars in which the United States has been involved
in, the true magnitude of the country's Ukraine aid
expenditure can be seen. As this infographic shows, the
payments to Ukraine have already exceeded the annual
military expenditure of the U.S. in the war in Afghanistan
from 2001 to 2010.

Page 25
 As PDA is an authority, not a funding source, once notified to
Congress there is no ?expiration date?for the provision of
defense articles and services up to the value that was
notified. Any additional space within the previously notified
PDAs, identified as a result of DOD?s recalculation of the value
of previous PDAs therefore remains available for Ukraine
regardless of the end of the fiscal year.

Pr esiden t ial Dr aw dow n Au t h or it y allow s t h e Pr esiden t t o

pr ovide def en se it em s su ch as am m u n it ion an d m issiles f r om
DOD's in ven t or ies t o r espon d t o f or eign cr ises. In 2023, DOD
n ot if ied Con gr ess t h at it h ad m isvalu ed it em s given t o Uk r ain e
in FYs 22 an d 23 by abou t $6.2 billion .

Page 26
Th e law t h at in clu des t h is au t h or it y doesn't clear ly def in e
" valu e" as it r elat es t o t h e au t h or it y. Also, DOD doesn't h ave
valu at ion gu idan ce specif ic t o t h is au t h or it y, so it can't be
assu r ed t h at it w ill valu e t h ese it em s accu r at ely.

Th e Con solidat ed Appr opr iat ion s Act , 2023 in clu ded a
pr ovision f or GAO t o con du ct over sigh t , in clu din g au dit s an d
in vest igat ion s, of am ou n t s appr opr iat ed in r espon se t o t h e
w ar -r elat ed sit u at ion in Uk r ain e.

In 2023, DOD n ot if ied Con gr ess t h at it h ad m isvalu ed cer t ain

def en se ar t icles pr ovided u n der PDA t o Uk r ain e by abou t $6.2
billion , in t ot al. Th is am ou n t w as su bsequ en t ly st ill available
f or u se as PDA assist an ce.

Page 27
Also, we were asked to review DOD's accounting of all
defense articles provided to Ukraine under PDA. This
report examines the extent to which the methods DOD
used to value defense articles provided to Ukraine under
PDA have been consistent with DOD guidance, among
other objectives.

GAO reviewed DOD guidance and interviewed DOD

officials. GAO also selected a statistical sample of
line-item records of defense articles provided to Ukraine
under PDA to estimate the extent to which the valuation
methods used aligned with DOD guidance.

Page 28
WASHINGTON, Aug 7 (Reuters) - President Joe Biden's
administration will announce $200 million of new weapons
aid for Ukraine as soon as Tuesday, U.S. officials told
Reuters, as it begins to dole out $6.2 billion of funds
discovered after a Pentagon accounting error over-valued
billions of Ukraine aid, two U.S. officials said on Monday.

In May, the Pentagon announced it had mistakenly

assigned a higher-than-warranted value to the U.S.
weaponry shipped to Kyiv when staff used" replacement
value" instead of "depreciated value" to tabulate the
billions worth ammunition, missiles and other equipment
sent to Ukraine.

Page 29
To dat e, Con gr ess h as appr opr iat ed $4.65 billion in For eign
M ilit ar y Fin an cin g (FM F) acr oss t w o su pplem en t al pack ages
f or Uk r ain e an d ?cou n t r ies im pact ed by t h e sit u at ion in
Uk r ain e.? Of t h is t ot al, $4 billion h as been n ot if ied t o
Con gr ess. Th e f ir st Uk r ain e su pplem en t al also pr ovided $4
billion in FM F loan au t h or it y an d $4 billion in loan gu ar an t ees
t o NATO Allies.

In FY 2023, DoD pr ovided $12.1 billion in secu r it y assist an ce t o

Uk r ain e u n der t h e Uk r ain e Secu r it y Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI)
in eigh t separ at e t r an ch es.

Page 30
On Sept em ber 6, 2023, t h e Secr et ar y an n ou n ced an addit ion al
$100 m illion in For eign M ilit ar y Fin an cin g t o su ppor t Uk r ain e?s
lon ger -t er m m ilit ar y r equ ir em en t s.

In FY 2023, the Department notified Congress of our

intent to make an additional $1.1 billion in long-term
investments with FMF to bolster the security of Ukraine
and 13 regional partners and allies in Europe who are
at risk from potential future Russian aggression. These
funds will help our allies and partners in the region to
backfill military capabilities they have donated to
Ukraine, enable new donations to Ukraine, and support
longer-term military requirements in both the broader
region and in Ukraine itself.

Page 31
On Apr il 24, 2022, t h e Depar t m en t n ot if ied Con gr ess of it s
in t en t ion t o obligat e m or e t h an $713 m illion in For eign
M ilit ar y Fin an cin g f u n din g f or Uk r ain e an d 15 ot h er Allied an d
par t n er n at ion s in Cen t r al an d East er n Eu r ope an d t h e
Balk an s.?Assist an ce in t h is Not if icat ion w ill h elp NATO Allies
back f ill capabilit ies t h ey h ave don at ed t o Uk r ain e f r om t h eir
ow n st ock piles t o r et ain an d st r en gt h en NATO det er r en ce.

On September 8, 2022, the Department notified Congress

of our intent to make a further $2.2 billion available in
long-term investments under Foreign Military Financing
(FMF) to bolster the security of Ukraine and 17 of its
regional neighbors; including both many of our NATO
allies as well as other regional security partners who are
most potentially at risk for future Russian aggression.
These funds will help our allies and partners who have
provided security assistance to Ukraine backfill their
capabilities.

Page 32
In FY 2022, DoD pr ovided $6.3 billion in secu r it y assist an ce t o
Uk r ain e u n der t h e Uk r ain e Secu r it y Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI)
in seven separ at e t r an ch es.?All t h e FY2022 USAI f u n ds
appr opr iat ed by Con gr ess h ave n ow been com m it t ed. In FY 2021,
Uk r ain e r eceived $275 m illion u n der DoD?s Uk r ain e Secu r it y
Assist an ce In it iat ive (USAI).?Th is in clu ded $75 m illion in let h al
assist an ce.

In FY 2021, t h e Depar t m en t pr ovided Uk r ain e $115 m illion in

For eign M ilit ar y Fin an cin g (FM F) an d $3 m illion in In t er n at ion al
M ilit ar y Edu cat ion an d Tr ain in g (IM ET) f u n din g.?Pr ior t o Ru ssia?s
r en ew ed in vasion , FM F su ppor t ed Uk r ain e?s acqu isit ion of a w ide
ar r ay of capabilit ies in clu din g cou n t er -m or t ar r adar s, secu r e
r adios, veh icles, elect r on ic equ ipm en t , sm all ar m s an d ligh t
w eapon s, an d m edical su pplies, am on g ot h er s.

Page 33
Th e Global Secu r it y Con t in gen cy Fu n d, a join t pr ogr am of t h e
U.S. Depar t m en t s of St at e an d Def en se, h as pr ovided m or e
t h an $42 m illion in t r ain in g, advisor y ser vices, an d equ ipm en t
t o assist t h e Gover n m en t of Uk r ain e t o f u r t h er develop t h e
t act ical, oper at ion al, an d in st it u t ion al capacit ies of it s Special
Oper at ion s For ces, Nat ion al Gu ar d, con ven t ion al f or ces,
n on -com m ission ed of f icer cor ps, an d com bat m edical car e
sin ce 2014.

GSCF an d Em bassy Kyiv st af f obser ve t h e Special

Oper at ion s For ce Qu alif icat ion s Cou r se.

Page 34
In advan ce of Ru ssia?s in vasion an d af t er t h e ou t br eak of w ar in
Febr u ar y 2022, t h e Un it ed St at es appr oved Th ir d Par t y
Tr an sf er s f r om 14 NATO Allies an d close par t n er s t o pr ovide
U.S.-or igin equ ipm en t f r om t h eir in ven t or ies f or u se by
Uk r ain ian f or ces.?Deliver ies t o dat e in clu de alm ost 12,000
an t i-ar m or syst em s of all t ypes; m or e t h an 1,550 an t i-air
m issiles; r adar s; n igh t vision devices; m ach in e gu n s; r if les an d
am m u n it ion ; an d body ar m or .?Th e con t r ibu t ion s f r om ou r
par t n er s an d Allies ar e vit al an d appr eciat ed.

Page 35
Th e Un it ed St at es h as $595.9 m illion in act ive
gover n m en t -t o-gover n m en t sales cases w it h Uk r ain e u n der t h e
For eign M ilit ar y Sales (FM S) syst em .?FM S sales n ot if ied t o
Con gr ess ar e list ed on t h e DSCA w ebsit e, an d sign if ican t pr ior
sales in clu de t h e: 2022 sale of n on -st an dar d ar t iller y am m u n it ion ;?
2018 sale of 210 Javelin an t i-ar m or m issiles, w h ich f ir st pr ovided
Uk r ain e w it h a cr it ical an t i-ar m or capabilit y; t h e 2019 sale of 150
addit ion al Javelin s; an d t h e 2020 M ar k VI pat r ol boat s sale.?Th e
Javelin sales w er e f u n ded by a m ixt u r e of St at e Depar t m en t FM F
f u n ds an d Uk r ain ian n at ion al f u n ds.

Page 36
Fr om 2015 t h r ou gh 2020, t h e Un it ed St at es also au t h or ized t h e
per m an en t expor t of over $274 m illion in def en se ar t icles an d
ser vices t o Uk r ain e via Dir ect Com m er cial Sales (DCS).?Th e t op
cat egor ies of DCS expor t s t o Uk r ain e du r in g t h at per iod w er e
Cat egor y III: Am m u n it ion an d Or dn an ce ($88 m illion ); Cat egor y
XII: Fir e Con t r ol, Laser , Im agin g, an d Gu idan ce Equ ipm en t , ($69
m illion ); an d Cat egor y XI: M ilit ar y Elect r on ics ($22 m illion ).

Page 37
Bor der Secu r it y

Sin ce 2017, t h e Depar t m en t of St at e?s Bu r eau of In t er n at ion al

Secu r it y an d Non pr olif er at ion h as pr ovided over $40 billion in
Non pr olif er at ion , An t i-t er r or ism , Dem in in g, an d Relat ed (NADR)
Pr ogr am s su ppor t t o Uk r ain e t h r ou gh t h e Expor t Con t r ol an d
Bor der Secu r it y (EXBS) Pr ogr am .

Page 38
Th e St at e Bor der Gu ar d Ser vice of Uk r ain e (SBGS) h as been a
pr im ar y r ecipien t of EXBS assist an ce. EXBS also pr ovided
assist an ce t o Uk r ain e Cu st om s an d expor t con t r ol an d san ct ion s
au t h or it ies. Un t il Ru ssia?s f u ll-scale in vasion in 2022, a m ajor
f ocu s of EXBS ef f or t s w as t h e developm en t of SBGS?s M ar it im e
Bor der Gu ar d oper at ion al an d su st ain m en t capabilit ies t o
r eplace capabilit ies lost du r in g Ru ssia?s u n law f u l an n exat ion of
Cr im ea an d in t r odu ce m oder n ized equ ipm en t , t r ain in g, an d
pr ocedu r es.

Page 39
Expor t Con t r ol an d Bor der Secu r it y (EXBS) Pr ogr am also pr ovided
advisor y an d equ ipm en t assist an ce f or SBGS lan d bor der
elem en t s. Follow in g Ru ssia?s f u r t h er in vasion in Febr u ar y 2022,
EXBS t r an sit ion ed t o pr ovidin g n on -let h al assist an ce an d
con t in u ed advisor y su ppor t t o t h e SBGS an d ot h er gover n m en t
par t n er s. In addit ion , EXBS is also pr ovidin g $6.9 m illion in
r egion al NADR f u n din g t o su ppor t san ct ion s an d expor t con t r ol
im plem en t at ion t o r espon d t o Ru ssia?s aggr ession .

Page 40
On Sept em ber 30, 2022 t h e Depar t m en t aw ar ded $7.6 m illion
Tet r a Tech t o lau n ch a lar ge-scale t r ain an d equ ip pr oject t o
st r en gt h en t h e Gover n m en t of Uk r ain e?s dem in in g an d
explosive or dn an ce disposal (EOD) capacit y.

Th is pr oject f or m s par t of t h e $91.5 m illion in assist an ce t h at

t h e Depar t m en t w ill pr ovide over FY2023 t o h elp t h e
Gover n m en t of Uk r ain e addr ess t h e u r gen t h u m an it ar ian
ch allen ges posed by explosive r em n an t s of w ar cr eat ed by
Ru ssia?s br u t al w ar of aggr ession . On Sept em ber 6, 2023, t h e
Depar t m en t an n ou n ced an addit ion al $90.5 m illion in
h u m an it ar ian dem in in g assist an ce.

Page 41
Ru ssia?s w ar again st Uk r ain e h as lit t er ed m assive sw at h s of t h e
cou n t r y w it h lan dm in es an d u n exploded or dn an ce. Th e
Gover n m en t of Uk r ain e est im at es t h at 160,000 squ ar e
k ilom et er s of it s lan d m ay be con t am in at ed ? t h is is r ou gh ly t h e
size of t h e st at es of Vir gin ia, M ar ylan d, an d Con n ect icu t
com bin ed, or n ear ly t w ice t h e size of Au st r ia. Th ese explosive
h azar ds block access t o f ar m lan d, delay or ot h er w ise h ar m
r econ st r u ct ion ef f or t s, an d pr even t displaced people f r om
r et u r n in g t o t h eir h om es. Th ey m ay also con t in u e t o k ill an d
m aim Uk r ain ian civilian s f or year s t o com e.

Page 42
Tet r a Tech?s exper t in st r u ct or s w ill t r ain Gover n m en t of Uk r ain e
dem in in g an d EOD t eam s t o in t er n at ion al st an dar ds, pr ovide
equ ipm en t , an d m en t or t r ain ed per son n el. Th e pr oject also
su ppor t s deployin g addit ion al clear an ce t eam s an d explosive
or dn an ce r isk edu cat ion t eam s t h r ou gh t h e local
n on -gover n m en t al or gan izat ion Uk r ain ian Dem in er s Associat ion
(UDA).

Page 43
Fr om 2004 t o 2021, t h e Un it ed St at es pr ovided m or e t h an
$77.3 m illion t o clear lan dm in es an d u n exploded
or dn an ce lef t by Ru ssia?s f or ces an d Ru ssia?s pr oxies in t h e
Don bas r egion , st r en gt h en Uk r ain e?s dem in in g capacit y,
an d en h an ce secu r it y ser vices?capacit y t o m an age
w eapon s an d am m u n it ion st ock piles.?In 2021 alon e, t h e
U.S. gover n m en t f u n ded Con ven t ion al Weapon s
Dest r u ct ion (CWD) pr ogr am s t h at clear ed an d r et u r n ed
m or e t h an 1.9 m illion squ ar e m et er s (477 acr es) of lan d t o
local com m u n it ies t h at w as pr eviou sly con t am in at ed w it h
explosive h azar ds.?

Page 44
Sin ce Ru ssia?s f u r t h er in vasion , U.S.-f u n ded digit al explosive
or dn an ce r isk edu cat ion cam paign s h ave pr ovided lif esavin g
in f or m at ion t o m or e t h an 18 m illion people in Uk r ain e.?
Addit ion ally, Uk r ain ian dem in in g au t h or it ies pr eviou sly t r ain ed
an d equ ipped by t h e Un it ed St at es ar e leadin g em er gen cy
ef f or t s t o r em ediat e t h e m assive levels of explosive h azar d
con t am in at ion lit t er ed acr oss t h e cou n t r y by Ru ssian f or ces.

Page 45
2-Year An n iver sar y of Uk r ain e Def en se Con t act Gr ou p
Com es Wit h Billion s in New Aid
By C. Todd Lopez, DOD New s

Apr il 26, 2024|

At the conclusion of the 21st meeting of the Ukraine

Defense Contact Group today, Secretary of Defense
Lloyd J. Austin III said the $95 billion security
supplemental bill signed into law Wednesday is already
providing benefit to Ukraine, which has for two years
now been fighting off an illegal invasion by Russia.

Page 46
"I'm ... pleased to announce today an additional
commitment of $6 billion through our Ukraine Security
Assistance Initiative that will allow us to procure new
capabilities for Ukraine from U.S. industry," Austin said
during a briefing at the Pentagon. "This is the largest
security assistance package that we've committed to
date."

Page 47
 The secretary said the USAI package is expected to include
counter-drone systems and support equipment, artillery
ammunition, air-to-ground munitions, maintenance and
sustainment support, and interceptors for Ukraine's Patriot
system, as well as their National Advanced Surface-to-Air
Missile System, also known as NASAMS.

Materiel support to Ukraine though the USAI involves the

U.S. government contracting directly with the defense
industrial base to buy, manufacture and deliver new
warfighting equipment to Ukraine.

Page 48
But this week, April 26 2024, the Defense Department also
announced a new security assistance package for Ukraine,
which was provided though presidential drawdown
authority.

The PDA package is worth $1 billion and includes, among

other things, RIM-7 and AIM-9M missiles; Stinger
antiaircraft missiles; tube-launched, optically-tracked,
wire-guided, or TOW, missiles; ammunition for the high
mobility artillery rocket system; 155 mm and 105 mm
artillery shells; and a variety of combat vehicles.

Page 49
Assistance provided through presidential drawdown
authority is pulled directly from the existing U.S. military's
inventory and can be quickly sent overseas. Funding
provided in the $95 billion security supplemental bill will be
used to purchase new equipment to backfill what was sent
by military units to Ukraine.

Page 50
The Ukraine Defense Contact Group, a coalition of about 50
nations that meets monthly to discuss Ukraine's security
needs, first met in April 2022. Since its first meeting,
participating UDCG nations have collectively provided more
than $95 billion in security assistance to Ukraine, Austin
said.
With today's commitment of $6 billion in Ukraine Security
Assistance Initiative funding, Wednesday's announcement
of $1 billion in PDA security assistance, and similar
tranches of assistance that will come in the future, the
United States' intent has been clear now for two years.

Page 51
Page 52
 Biden Adm in ist r at ion An n ou n ces Addit ion al Secu r it y
Assist an ce f or Uk r ain e
M ay 10, 2024

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced

additional security assistance to meet Ukraine's critical
security and defense needs. This announcement is the
Biden Administration's fifty-seventh tranche of
equipment to be provided from DoD inventories for
Ukraine since August 2021. This Presidential Drawdown
Authority (PDA) package has an estimated value of $400
million and includes capabilities to support Ukraine's
most urgent battlefield requirements, including air
defense, artillery rounds, armored vehicles, and anti-tank
weapons.

The United States will continue to work together with some

50 Allies and partners to ensure Ukraine's brave defenders
receive the critical capabilities needed to fight Russian
aggression.

Page 53
 IM M EDIATE RELEASE Fact Sh eet on U.S. Secu r it y
Assist an ce t o Uk r ain e
M ay 10, 2024

The United States has committed more than $51.3

billion in security assistance to Ukraine since the
beginning of the Biden Administration, including more
than $50.6 billion since the beginning of Russia?s
unprovoked and brutal invasion on February 24, 2022.

Not e: Con t ain ed w it h in t h is Fact Sh eet is a com pr eh en sive list of

t h e m ilit ar y equ ipm en t an d syst em s pr ovided t o Uk r ain e by t h e
Un it ed St at es.

Page 54
U.S. Is Sen din g Uk r ain e Lon ger -r an ge Weapon s Wit h New
Aid. Wh y it m at t er s
By Sean Boyn t on , Global New s
Apr il 24, 2024

Ukraine has already begun using the most powerful

long-range weapon systems delivered by the U.S. during the
war with Russia to date, and will soon get its hands on more
thanks to a requirement in the massive national security aid
package signed into law Wednesday, April 24.

The U.S. Senate on Tuesday voted to approve the package

passed by the House of Representatives last weekendthat
includes US$61 billion for Ukraine, finally unlocking a new
round of military aid after months of delay.

The Ukraine aid bill includes a requirement for President Joe

Biden to approve the transfer of long-range army tactical
missile systems (ATACMS) to Ukraine ?as soon as is
practicable? after signing the aid into law.

Page 55
Yet shortly after Biden signed the legislation, the White
House revealed the president had authorized the delivery
of ATACMS back in February, and U.S. officials confirmed
Ukraine had already used them in a strike on a Russian
airfield in Crimea last week.

?We?ve already sent some, we will send more now that

we have additional authority and money,? National
Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters Wednesday.
He declined to say how many of the missiles would be
sent, or when."

I believe they will make a difference (in the war with

Russia), but as I?ve said before ? there is no silver bullet
in this conflict. One capability is not going to be the
solution.?

Page 56
Page 57
The weapons, long sought by both Ukraine and
Republican defence hawks, will further allow the
Ukrainians to strike Russian targets ? a tactic once seen
as unnecessarily escalatory but that has become more
common in recent months. The move to send them now
reflects how those concerns have melted away in the
face of Ukraine?s growing need, experts say.

?What you have seen over the last two years is ? there?s been
a kind of slow acceptance of, are we backing Ukraine simply
to survive, or are we backing Ukraine to win?? said Colin
Robertson, vice-president of the Canadian Global Affairs
Institute and a former Canadian diplomat to the U.S.

Sullivan on Wednesday pointed to Russia?s use of

long-range ballistic missiles provided by North Korea in its
invasion as reason to give Ukraine a similar capability.

Page 58
The Biden administration quickly announced a US$1
billion weapons package as the first batch of aid sent
under the new bill once it was signed. Biden told
reporters at the White House he expected the deliveries
to be sent within ?the next few hours? and include ?air
defence munitions, artillery, rocket systems and
armoured vehicles.? He made no mention of long-range
weapons.

Yet the Associated Press, citing U.S. officials, reported

Wednesday before Sullivan?s comments that the earlier
ATACMS deliveries were so secretive that lawmakers in
Congress were unaware as they worked to include the
provision for the weapons in the final aid bill.

Page 59
 The United Kingdom began sending its Storm Shadow
air-launched precision-guided cruise missiles in May 2023,
followed by France sending its version of the missiles,
known as SCALP. Both systems have a range of about 240
kilometres.

During the first months of the war, the U.S. and western
allies were hesitant to provide long-range weapons to
Ukraine over fears that Russia would see it as escalation
from NATO, with fears of expanding the war. There were
also fears Ukraine itself could escalate the conflict by
striking targets within Russia.

Page 60
While some of the long-range weapons can go as far as
about 300 kilometres, the ones sent to Ukraine last fall
have a shorter range ? U.S. officials privately told The
Associated Press they travel up to 160 kilometres ? and
carry cluster munitions, which, when fired, open in the air,
releasing hundreds of bomblets rather than a single
warhead.

Page 61
Kyiv has already embarked on a controversial campaign of
drone attacks on oil and energy facilities inside mainland
Russia, including a strike in the province of Tatarstan
earlier this month that marked Ukraine?s deepest attack
inside Russian territory since the war began. It has also
continued its attacks on Russia?s fleet in the Black Sea.

?I guess the question is, what kind of safeguards are you

going to have for Ukraine to not use (ATACMS) against
targets in Russia proper, rather than territory that the
Russians have taken,? said Richard Shimooka, a senior
fellow at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute who focuses on
defence policy. - Sean Boyn t on , Global New s

Page 62
 ?U.S. Is " Close To Agr eem en t " On JASSM For Uk r ain e,
Allow in g St r ik es Deep In Ru ssia

Sept em ber 3, 2024

Def en se Expr ess

So f ar , Uk r ain ian f or ces ar e on ly per m it t ed t o lau n ch

st r ik es w it h ar m am en t s lik e t h e ATACM S m issile on ly
in side Ru ssia-occu pied t er r it or ies of Uk r ain e or st r ict ly
n ear it s st at e bor der . Th e jou r n alist s ar gu e t h at t h e
pr ovision of JASSM w on't h ave m u ch ef f ect if t h ose
r est r ict ion s r em ain in f or ce, t h er ef or e t h e ban m igh t be
lif t ed alon gside t h e of f icial an n ou n cem en t of t h e
t r an sf er .

Th e Un it ed St at es gover n m en t is close t o agr eein g on

pr ovidin g lon g-r an ge m issiles f or Uk r ain e an d cou ld be
in clu ded in t h e u pcom in g m ilit ar y aid pack age. St ill,
even u pon appr oval, it w ill t ak e m on t h s bef or e t h e
sh ipm en t r each es t h e f r on t lin es.

Page 63
 Biden's 'New ' Nu clear St r at egy an d Th e Su per -f u se Th at Set s It Of f

Th e m ilit ar y is alr eady u pgr adin g w ar h eads capable of f igh t in g a

w ar w it h bot h Ch in a an d Ru ssia sim u lt an eou sly

Th eodor e Post ol
Respon sible St at ecr af t
Au g 29, 2024

Th e New Yor k Tim es r epor t ed last w eek t h at Pr esiden t Biden h as

appr oved a secr et n u clear st r at egy r ef ocu sin g on Ch in ese an d
Ru ssian n u clear f or ces.

Accor din g t o t h e paper , t h e n ew n u clear gu idan ce ?r eor ien t s

Am er ica?s det er r en t st r at egy ? t o m eet ?t h e n eed t o det er Ru ssia,
t h e PRC (Ch in a) an d Nor t h Kor ea sim u lt an eou sly.?

How ever , Biden?s appr oval of t h is st r at egy is n o m or e t h an a t acit

ack n ow ledgm en t of a t w o-decade-lon g U.S. t ech n ical pr ogr am
t h at h as been m or e t h an ju st a ?sligh t m oder n izat ion? of
w eapon s com pon en t s, bu t a dr am at ic st ep t ow ar ds t h e capabilit y
t o f igh t an d w in n u clear w ar s w it h bot h Ch in a an d Ru ssia. In
ot h er w or ds, t h er e is n ot h in g r eally ?n ew ? h er e at all, save t h e
ver y pu blic n at u r e of t h e st r at egy ?s ack n ow ledgem en t .

Page 64
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