ARM

 1st position- raise your arms into a circle in front of your chest.
 2nd position- open your arms sideward at shoulder level.
 3rd position- one arm is raised above your head, while the other arm maintains the second position. The arm that
was raised should be slightly curve as well.
 4th position- the arm in the second position would be raised forward in front of your chest again, the arm that is
lifted above your head will still maintain its positon.
 5th positon- both arms should be lifted above your head, slightly curving.

FEET

 1st positon- form a v-shaped with your feet by bringing your heels together to touch while keeping your toes
away from each other.
 2nd position- move one foot sideward. Your feet should be parallel to each other while maintaining a distance of
about 12 inches.
 3rd position- bring your foot’s heel to touch the arch of your other foot, with both feet turned outward.
 4th position- put your foot forward while the other foot still retains its position. The distance between the two
feet should be about 12 inches.
 5th position- bring the heel of the foot in the front to touch the toe of the other. Both feet should still be pointing
outward.

WHAT IS DANCE?

Dance, is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually accompanied with music within a given space, for the
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.

IMPORTANCE OF DANCE

1. PHYSICAL FITNESS- Dance promotes physical fitness by improving coordination, flexibility, strength, and endurance. It
encourages students to engage in regular physical activity, which is essential for their overall health and well- being.

2. EXPRESIVE OUTLET- Dance provides a creative and expressive outlet for students to communicate their thoughts,
feelings, and ideas. Through movement and expression, students can explore their emotions, boost their self- esteem,
and develop their personal identity.

3. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT- Dancing requires students to memorize steps, sequences, and patterns, which enhances
their cognitive abilities such as memory, concentration, and problem- solving skills. It also stimulates brain function,
improving their learning capacity and academic performance.

4. SOCIAL INTERACTION- Dance is a highly social activity that encourages teamwork, cooperation, and communication.
Students learn to collaborate with others, share ideas, and respect differences. It promotes a sense of belonging, fosters
positive relationships, and helps develop essential social skills.

5. CULTURAL AWARENESS- Through dance, students can explore and appreciate different cultures and traditions. They
gain exposure to diverse styles of dance from various regions and countries, fostering a sense of cultural awareness,
tolerance, and respect for others.

6. CONFIDENCE AND SELF EXPRESSION- Dancing allows students to express themselves authentically and build self-
confidence. As they learn and master new movements, students develop a sense of achievement and self-belief, which
carries over into other areas of their lives.
7. BODY AWARENESS AND CONTROL- Dance helps students develop a greater awareness of their bodies and how they
move through space. It improves their coordination, balance, posture, and spatial orientation, promoting better body
control and alignment.

8. CREATIVITY AND IMAGINATION- Dance encourages students to think creatively and use their imagination to develop
unique movements and choreography. It nurtures their artistic abilities, stimulates their creative thinking, and
encourages them to take risks and explore new ideas.

9. EMOTIONAL WELLBEING- Engaging in dance can have a positive impact on students' emotional well-being. It provides
an outlet for stress and emotions, allowing them to release tension and express themselves in a safe and supportive
environment.

10. ENJOYMENT AND FUN- Dance is inherently joyful and fun, making it an engaging and enjoyable activity for students.
It promotes a love for movement, music, and creativity, creating a positive and enthusiastic attitude towards physical
activity.

ANCIENT PERIOD

The dances of the ancient civilizations began to acknowledge the aesthetic purposes of the art. They began to question
the way the dance looked and what it meant; what the movements represented and how they may be interpreted.
India, China, and Ancient Greece are among the first civilizations with recorded anecdotes of dance. Many used dance
for religious purposes, and all required skill, grace, and stamina. Ancient Greece furthered the theatrical history of dance
by using dance in dramas and Greek theatre.

PRIMITIVE PERIOD

In many primitive societies rituals involving dance are performed at births, marriages, and deaths. Possibly some of the
most significant rituals are those performed for means of fertility such as food and children. Our ancestors asked, for
rain, sun, harvest, and healthy children. Many of these movements mimicked the nearby animals, the crazy forces of
mother nature, and the hypothesized immortal lives of the Gods.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Dance was prevalent in the medieval era, otherwise known as the Middle Ages, as well. The Islamic culture had a heavy
influence in the interesting outcomes of dance. It was then that the familiar art of belly dancing came into play, as did
many folk dances still performed today. Slowly the church became an influence and dance was quickly banned. Dance
began to be seen as pagan activity. The ideals that the body was evil and one should strive for purity in thy soul
redefined.

RENNAISANCE PERIOD

Dance was revived through folk dancing, court dancing, and the accompaniment of music. Dance was beginning to be
seen as an actual art as opposed to a cultural pastime or ritualistic necessity. While folk dancing remained a popular
expression among the working class, the high society combined these folk routines with their aristocratic steps of
nobility creating the majestic court dances.

ELEMENTS OF MOVEMENT SPACE

1. Direction- the line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward, sideward, diagonal, upward, or a
combination of these.

2. Level- movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or medium level.

3. Range- refers to the area covered as the body moves.

4. Floor Pattern- the path or design that is made while moving in space. It may take a form of circle, square, straight line
or zigzag.

ELEMENTS OF RHYΤΗΜΝ

1. Beat-the underlying pulse of a rhythm.

2. Tempo-rate of speed of a movement.

3. Intensity-variation of stress of movement.

4. Pitch-lowness or highness of a tone.

5. Accent-emphasis on certain beats.

6. Meter-the regular recurrence of beats which divides a musical design into measure.

MOVEMENT QUALITIES

Movement Qualities are energy released during various time spans to portray distinct qualities. There are six dynamic
Movement Qualities:

1. Sustained (slow, smooth, continuous)

2. Percussive (sharp, choppy, jagged)

3. Swinging (swaying, to and from, pendulum-like)

4. Suspended (a moment of stillness, the high point, a balance)

5. Collapsed (fall, release, relax)

6. Vibratory (shake, wiggle, tremble)

BASIC NATURAL MOVEMENT

Dance movements or actions fall into two main categories:

Locomotor: (traveling moves) walk, run, jump, hop, skip, leap, gallop, crawl, roll, etc.

Non locomotor: (moves that stay in place) stretch, bend, twist, swing, turn, shake, stomp, etc.