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Lecture 10 Polymer

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9 views2 pages

Lecture 10 Polymer

Uploaded by

mayazmahmud78
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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8) Polyurethanes

Synthesis: Diisocyanate and diol give polyurethanes. For example, a reaction between 1,4-
butane diol and 1,6-hexane diisocyanate gives “Perlon - U”, a crystalline polymer.

Properties: The properties of polyurethanes are as follows:


(i) Polyurethanes are less stable than nylons.
(ii) These have excellent resistance to abrasion and solvents.

Uses: These are used as coatings, films, foams, adhesives and elastomers.

9) Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Synthesis: Polyacrylonitrile is a vinyl polymer, and a derivative of the acrylate family of
polymers. It is made from the monomer acrylonitrile by free radical vinyl polymerization.

Properties:
 PAN is a synthetic, semicrystalline organic polymer resin, with the linear formula
(C3H3N)n.
 It degrades before melting.
 PAN is soluble in polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide,
ethylene and propylene carbonates, and in aqueous solutions of sodium thiocyanate,
zinc chloride or nitric acid.
 It can behave as branched as well as linear polymer.
Uses:
 Homopolymers of polyacrylonitrile have been uses as fibers in hot gas filtration systems,
outdoor awnings, sails for yachts, and even fiber reinforced concrete.
 But mostly copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile are used as fibers to make knitted
clothing, like socks and sweaters, as well as outdoor products like tents and such.

10) Polypropylene
Synthesis: Polypropylene can be made from the monomer propylene by Ziegler-Natta
polymerization and by metallocene catalysis polymerization.

Properties:
 The methyl group improves mechanical properties and thermal resistance, although the
chemical resistance decreases.
 PP is the commodity plastic with the lowest density
 Polypropylene is normally tough and flexible.
 Polypropylene is reasonably economical.
 Polypropylene has good resistance to fatigue.
 It is often opaque or colored using pigments.
 PP is a highly flammable material.
 It is sensitive to microbial attacks, such as bacteria and mold.
Uses:
 As a plastic it's used to make things like dishwasher-safe food containers.
 As a fiber, polypropylene is used to make indoor-outdoor carpeting.
 Polypropylene, highly colorfast, is widely used in manufacturing carpets, rugs and mats to be used at
home.
 Polypropylene is widely used in ropes, distinctive because they are light enough to float in water.
 PP fibers are added with soils to improve the soil's strength and damping when constructing the
foundation of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc.

 Polypropylene is a major polymer used in nonwovens, with over 50% used for diapers or sanitary
products.

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