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Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System

Article in Compliance Engineering · February 2021

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Compliance Engineering Journal ISSN NO: 0898-3577

Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System

Ooha Yadav J1 & A. Daisy Rani2
1
PG Scholar, Department of Instrument Technology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Instrument Technology,AndhraUniversity,AndhraPradesh,India.

Abstract
Road accidents are being major reason for fatalities in recent times. Accidents not only cause loss of life but
also causing implications road safety turned into major challenge in automobile industry. Among various
reasons for road accidents drunk and drive and driver drowsiness are taking major proportion, continuous
monitoring of driver’s alertness will help in minimising the crashes.

This paper aims to measure alcohol content and drowsiness by using eye blink sensor using IR rays in which it
consists of IR transmitter and IR receiver ,IR transmitter is used to transmit IR rays into eyes and IR receiver is
used to reflect the infrared rays of eyes and alcohol sensor is used to detect the alcohol consumption of the
driver so that the risk of accidents can be reduced.

Keywords: eye blink sensor, alcohol sensor, IR SENSOR (infrared rays)

A. INTRODUCTION

Driving while drowsy or in drunk state are the two main reasons for traffic accidents and its related

financial losses. Most of countries cost 3% of their GDP due to road crashes and nearly about 1.35

million people die each year. In case of India, India constitutes 1% of vehicle population but 6% of total

global road accidents and approximately 151 thousand road accident deaths. One of the primaries

agencies that conducts research on road and driver safety is the national highway traffic safety

administration. In study looking at critical reasons for road accidents 94% of car accidents are caused by

drivers out of which 25 to 30% of accidents are caused due to drowsiness and drunk and drive. Apart

from improvised automobile structures to reduce the accidents, drivers’ attitude while driving is not

addressed properly to evaluate drivers in attention, there are three main approaches to go through they

are visual based approach, driving behaviour-based approach and physiological technique involving

analysis of vital signals like brain activity, heart and pulse rate. This requires the usage of electronic

devices which are attached to drivers’ body can act as annoyance to the driver.

Driving behaviour-based approach evaluates drivers’ behaviour over period of time by observing

variations in the speed, steering wheel angle, acceleration, lateral position and breaking.

Through this parameter driver’s attention and activities can be measured. liang-et al demonstrated a

real-time approach to detect drivers distraction using eye movements and driving performance, and date

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was made to train and test both support vector machining[svm] and logistics regression models[lrm] to

recognise driver’s distraction

Visual based approach analyses drivers’ facial images like eye blinks, yawning and head

movements. Hammond et.al proposed drowsiness detection system through assessment of eye status in

the near infrared spectrum. Moriyama et al predicted the eye status by using templates to match with eye

lids. Number of eye blinks of the driver is another method to detect drowsiness. This approach based on

visual features are preferred because of its non-interference with the driver.

B. PROJECT OBJECTIVE

Road accidents due to drunk and driving are the most important challenges in safety system of
automobile industry. The objective of this project is to detect the drowsiness of the driver using visual
feature approach by analysing the eye and face movements. Alcohol sensor is used to detect the
drunkenness of the driver. IF the driver found in in alertness or inactive state, alarm would be generated
via buzzer and using a vibrator to alert the driver. If the alert would go off for more than three times within
the specified time period then engine would go off immediately.

C. LITERATURE REVIEW

Drowsiness is synonymous with sleepy that means an inclination to fall asleep. The stages of sleep is often
classified as awake, non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep .The second stage NREM, is
often into subsequent 3 stages

stage 1: Transition from awake to asleep(drowsy)

stage 2: lightweight sleep

stage 3: deep sleep

Drowsiness cannot be manifested during real time environment and needs to be developed and tested in a
laboratory setting. In a laboratory setting, the foremost reliable and informative information that pertains to driver
drowsiness depends only on the approach in which the driver falls into the drowsy state. Drowsiness depends on
the quality of last night sleep and the biological time. Peters-et-al studies an equivalent subject and regarded results
of no sleep deprivation, partial sleep deprivation and total sleep deprivation on their drowsiness level. Even in
partial sleep deprivation, person tends to drowse after a while

otami.et al found that sleep deprivation is not only the reasons for the drowsiness but also prolonged driving can
cause the drowsiness. It has been inferred that subjects tends to become drowsy at intervals of twenty to twenty-
five min of driving.

Drowsiness can be detected using different techniques. Template match making is one of method. In which two
pictures are compared to get the deviation. To recognize the matching territory picture can be contrasted against

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the format picture by sliding. sliding is moving the patch one pixel at once. Brightest area indicates the highest
matches.

Principal component analysis and linear discriminate analysis are used for blink detection considering drivers
tiredness and diversion HARR cascade classifier method is used for facial eye detection methods utilizing the real
time image processing

Physiological measures are also used to detect the drowsiness. Heat rate varies considerably between different
stages of drowsiness and fatigue. Therefore, heart rate determined by ECG signal can even be used to observe
drowsiness. But still drowsiness detection through behavioral attributes and established better results than using
physiological measures.

This paper acquaints the vision-based strategy with distinguished drowsiness. significant difficulties are face
recognition and iris location under different conditions and creating real time systems.

D. METHODOLOGY

Drivers monitoring can be done by using two methods

1.direct method includes head movement, facial expressions obtained using camera sensors

2)indirect measures consists of drivers activities, response to specific situation.

Here we are using direct method by evaluating facial expressions. It also detects the alcohol consumption with
the help of sensor. components of the project are listed below.

software required: - 1. aurdino\ keil uvisiona IDE

2.Oread
hardware required: - 1. aurdino\ AT89552 micro controller
2.buzzer
3.LCD
4.eye blink sensor
5. alcohol sensor
6. DC motor
7.ignition key
8.regulated power supply

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E. FLOW CHART

F. BLOCK DAIGRAM

POWER 16*2 LCD LCD

SUPPLY

MICRO
DRIVER
RESET CONTROLLER MODULE MOTOR
CIRCUIT

CRYSTAL EYE BLINK

OSCILLATOR SENSOR

BUZZER ALCOHOL
SENSOR
FIG-2 AURDINO FIG-3 ALOCOHOL SENSOR

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A. EYE BLINK SENSOR

This sensor module generally consists of eye blink sensor frame, IR sensor and a relay. A vibrator is attached to
the eye blink sensor which is to be worn by the driver. whenever the driver falls asleep or an accident occurs the
vibrator vibrates. The eye frame consists of a IR transmitter and IR receiver which continuously transmits IR
rays and receives the reflected ray and the relay provides extra current required.

B. ALCOHOL SENSOR

An alcohol sensor detects the attentiveness of alcohol gas in the air and an analog voltage is an output reading.
The sensor can activate at temperatures ranging from -10 to 50° C with a power supply is less than 150 Ma to
5V. The sensing range is from 0.04 mg/L to 4 mg/L, which is suitable for breathe analysers.

C. AURDINO UNO

AURDINO UNO is a microcontroller board and is most used and documented board in aurdino family and
relatively cheap and easy to set up.it consists of ATmega 328p which is known as the brain of the aurdino and
provides high performance which is capable of executing powerful instruction in single clock cycle and
ATmega 16U2 which takes care of the USB connection and ICSP bootloader which provides the readable
output.The software used for Arduino devices is called IDE (Integrated Development Environment) which is
free to use and required some basic skills to learn it. It can be programmed using C and C++ language.

G. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The hardware implementation of the project is done below

person has to wear eye blink sensor.Eye blink sensor checks for the eye blink count in next step alcohol
consumption is detected by using alcohol sensor, if the system finds any alcohol consumption and eye blinking
count exceeds its limits. The vehicle gets automatically locked and get stopped immediately.

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H. SOFTWARE IMPLEMETATION
for the software implementation the things which are needed are

• aurdino\keil micro vision IDE

• orcad

install the aurdino into pc

• connect the one end of cable to aurdino uno and then other end to tht usb port
• you need to compille and upload the sketch. This will compile the sketch and look for errors.
• using the code,the results will be displayed on the LCD as shown below

I. CONCLUSION
A system is developed to monitor the drowsiness and alcohol detection. It is non-intrusive in nature thus do not
cause any annoyance to the driver. Information about the head and eye positions are obtained by using many
self-determined algorithms. When the eyes are closed exceeding certain period of time then automatic alert is
sent. In case of extreme conditions engine will be switched off. We have used image processing which achieves
high accuracy and reliable detection of drowsiness. When coming to alcohol consumption, buzzer sounds
immediately if anyone with alcohol consumption enters into vehicle. Thus we have addressed to major causes
for the fatal crashes of vehicles and embedded kit for drowsiness detection is developed and will be placed in
vehicle.

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K. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Drowsiness and alcohol detection project incorporated with the alcohol sensor and eye blink sensor by the
guidance bestowed by Dr. A. Daisy Rani , Assistant Professor, and support extended by the team of
Instrumentation laboratory, Andhra University. Sincere thanks to my fellow mates who collaborated in my
achievement of the Project.

REFERENCES

[1] S. G. Klauer, T. A. Dingus, V. L. Neale, Sudweeks, and Ramsey, “The impact of driver inattention on near-
crash/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data,” Tech. Rep., 2006.

[2] J. F. Coughlin, B. Reimer, and B. Mehler, “Monitoring, managing, and Motivating driver safety and well-
being.” IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 10, no.3, 2011.

[3] T. Yoshioka, S. Nakashima, J. Odagiri, H. Tomimori, and T. Fukui, “Pupil detection in the presence of
specular reflection,” in Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. ACM,
2014, pp. 363–364.

[4] L. ´ Swirski, A. Bulling, and N. Dodgson, “Robust real-time pupil tracking in highly off-axis images,” in
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. ACM, 2012, pp. 173–176.

[5] M. Muoz, J. Lee, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, and T. Victor, “Analysis of drivers’head and eye movement
correspondence: Predicting drivers’ glance location using head rotation data,” in Proceedings of the 8th
International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design,
Snowbird,UT, 2015, to Appear.

[6] W. J. Talamonti, W. Huang, L. Tijerina, and D. Kochhar, “Eye glance and head turn correspondence during
secondary task performance in simulator driving,” in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society Annual Meeting, vol.57, no. 1. SAGE Publications, 2013, pp. 1968–1972

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