402 – Information Technology - Class X Page 1 of 252

Information
Technology (402)
Class-X
Domestic Data
Entry Operator
(Job Role)
First Edition
September 2024

Price- Rs 300.00

402 – Information Technology - Class X Page 2 of 252

 Information Technology (402)
Class-X
CURRICULUM FOR SESSION 2024-2025 ............................................................................................................... 5

Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced) using LibreOffice Writer ............................. 21

Chapter 1. Introduction to Styles ............................................................. 21
B. Fill in the blanks ............................................................................................................................................. 24
C. Short answer questions ................................................................................................................................. 25

Chapter 2. Working with Images .............................................................. 34

Mind Map for NCERT Solutions.......................................................................................................................... 45

Chapter 3. Advanced Features of Writer .................................................. 47

B. Fill in the blanks ............................................................................................................................................. 52
Mind Map for NCERT Solutions – ....................................................................................................................... 60

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) .................................................................. 63

using LibreOffice Calc ................................................................................................... 63
Ch 4. Analyse Data using Scenarios and Goal Seek ................................... 63
Ch 5. Using Macros in Spreadsheet .......................................................... 75
Ch 6. Linking Spreadsheet Data ............................................................... 83
Ch 7. Share and Review a Spreadsheet .................................................... 92
Unit 3: Database Management System using LibreOffice Base ................................... 102
Chapter 8. Introduction to Database Management System ..................... 102
Ch 9. Starting with LibreOffice Base ....................................................... 117
Ch 10. Working with Multiple Tables ..................................................... 136
Ch 11. Queries in Base .......................................................................... 150
B. State whether the following statements are True or False .................. 160
Ch 12. Forms and Reports ..................................................................... 165
Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, ........................................................................................... 188
Safe and Secure Working Environment ...................................................................... 188
Chapter 13. Health, Safety and Security at Workplace ............................ 188
C. State whether the following statements are True or False .................. 202

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 Ch 14. Workplace Quality Measures ...................................................... 212
Ch 15. Prevent Accidents and Emergencies ........................................... 234
A. Multiple choice questions ............................................................................................................................ 237
B. Fill in the blanks ........................................................................................................................................... 241

......................................................................................................................................................................... 249

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 CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION
CURRICULUM FOR SESSION 2024-2025
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SUB. CODE – 402)
CLASS – X (SESSION 2024-2025)

NO. OF HOURS for MAX. MARKS

UNITS Theory and for Theory and
Practical Practical
Employability Skills
Unit 1: Communication Skills-II 10 2
Unit 2: Self-Management Skills-II 10 3
Unit 3: ICT Skills-II 10 1
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-II 15 3
Unit 5: Green Skills-II 05 1
Total 50 10
SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS Theory Practical Marks
Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced) using
12 18 8
LibreOffice Writer
Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) using
15 23 10
LibreOffice Calc
Unit 3: Database Management System using
18 27 12
LibreOffice Base
Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure Working
15 22 10
Environment
Total 60 90 40
PRACTICAL WORK
Practical Examination
● Digital Documentation (Advanced) using
5 Marks
LibreOffice Writer
● Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) using
5 Marks
LibreOffice Calc 20
● Database Management System using LibreOffice
10 Marks
Base
● Viva Voce 10 Marks 10
Total
30
PROJECT WORK/FIELD VISIT:
Any Interdisciplinary Real World Case Study to be
taken. Summarized data reports of same can be
presented in base. Input should be taken using 10
forms and output should be done using reports
using base. Documentation of the case study should
be presented using writer.
PORTFOLIO/ PRACTICAL FILE:
(Portfolio should contain printouts of the practical
10
done using Writer, Calc and Base with minimum 5
problems of each)

402 – Information Technology - Class X Page 5 of 252

 Total 20
GRAND TOTAL 200 100
DETAILED CURRICULUM/ TOPICS:

Part-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

S. No. Units Duration in Hours

1. Unit 1: Communication Skills-II 10
2. Unit 2: Self-management Skills-II 10
3. Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology Skills-II 10
4. Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-II 15
5. Unit 5: Green Skills-II 05
TOTAL 50
Note: The detailed curriculum/ topics to be covered under Part A: Employability Skills can be
downloaded from CBSE website.

Part-B – SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS

• Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced)

• Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)
• Unit 3: Database Management System
• Unit 4: Web Applications and Security

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Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced) using LibreOffice Writer

LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES
Chapter 1: Learn to create, • Styles/ categories in • List Style Categories:
Introduction update, and Writer Open the Styles and
To Styles apply various styles ➢ Page Formatting window, list
in Libre Office Writer ➢ Paragraph available style categories, and
for effective and ➢ Character select one style from each.
consistent document ➢ Frame • Use Fill Format: Apply a
formatting. ➢ List style to multiple areas of your
document quickly using the Fill
➢ Table
Format tool.
• Styles and Formatting
• Create and Update a New
• Fill Format Style: Create a new style from
• Creating a new style selected text and update it by
➢ From Selection method modifying its attributes.
➢ Drag and Drop • Load a Style from a
method Template or Document:
• Updating a new style Import and apply a style from
• Load style from template or a template or another
document. document to your current
work.
• Applying styles. • Create a New Style Using
Drag-and-Drop:

LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES
Create a new style by dragging
and dropping formatted text
into the Styles and Formatting
panel.

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 Chapter 2: Able to insert, modify, • Inserting an Image in a • Insert an Image: Insert an
Working with and position Document image into a document using
Images images and ➢ Insert Image options such as Insert Image,
drawing Option Drag and Drop, Copy and Paste,
objects in ➢ Drag and Drop and linking.
a document, option • Modify an Image: Use the
using various methods ➢ Copy and Paste method image toolbar to modify an
and options for ➢ Inserting an image by image by resizing, cropping, and
linking deleting it.
effective document
layout and formtting. • Options to modify image using • Create Drawing
image toolbar, resize, crop and Objects: Create various
delete an image. drawing objects within your
• Drawing Objects document.
• Creating drawing objects • Set or Change Drawing
• Setting or changing its Object Properties:
properties. Adjust the properties of drawing
• Resizing and grouping drawing objects, including color, line
objects. style, and fill.
• Positioning image in the text. • Resize and Group Drawing
• Arrangement Objects:
Resize individual drawing
• Anchoring
objects and group multiple
• Alignment objects together for better
• Text Wrapping document organization.
• Position the Image in the
Text: Adjust the image's
position in the text using
arrangement, anchoring,
alignment, and text wrapping
options.

Chapter 3: Acquire skills in • Table of contents • Create a Table of Contents

Advanced creating, • Hierarchy of headings (ToC):
Features of customizing, and
• Creating a Table of Content Generate and customize a
Writer managing a Table of Contents in a
(ToC)
Table of document.
Contents, using • Customization of • Maintain a Table of Contents:
and editing Table of Update or delete the Table of
templates, and Contents(ToC) Contents
tracking and • Use Templates: Create,
• Maintaining a Table of
reviewing
Contents(ToC)
changes in

LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES

402 – Information Technology - Class X Page 8 of 252

 documents effectively. • Updating ToC import, and apply templates to
• Deleting ToC Using templates a blank document, using in-
built, saved, or online
• Creating a Template
templates.
• Using In-built/Saved • Edit a Template: Modify,
Templates move, and export an existing
• Using Online template.
Templates • Track Changes: Prepare a
document for review by
• Importing a Template recording, accepting, or
• Editing a Template rejecting changes, and manage
• Moving a Template comments by adding or deleting
• Exporting a Template them.
• Applying Templates to a Blank
• Compare Documents:
Compare two versions of a
Document
document to identify and review
• Track Changes differences.
Feature
• Preparing a Document for
Review
• Recording Changes
• Accepting and
Rejecting Changes
• Adding Comments
• Deleting Comments
• Comparing Documents

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) using LibreOffice Calc

SUB LEARNING
THEORY PRACTICAL
UNIT OUTCOMES
Chapter Learn skills in Consolidating • Use Consolidating Data: Aggregate
4: Analyse consolidating Data data from multiple sources into a single
data using data, using groups summary.
Groups and
scenario and • Create Subtotals: Apply subtotals to
s and Subtotals
data groups to summarize and analyze
subtotals, performing
goal seek What-if information.
whatif analysis and
Scenarios • Use “What-If” Scenarios: Create and
scenarios, and
What-if analyze different scenarios to forecast
utilizing the Goal
Analysis Tool outcomes based on varying inputs.
Seek tool for
decision-making. Goal Seek • Use “What-If” Tools: Use tools like
Scenario Manager for detailed what-if
analyses.
• Use Goal Seek and Solver: Use Goal
Seek to find specific input values needed
to achieve a

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 SUB LEARNING
THEORY PRACTICAL
UNIT OUTCOMES
desired result, and apply Solver for more
complex problems.
Chapter Develop skills in • Recording a • Demonstrate the Use of a Macro
5: recording, running, Macro Recorder: Record a macro to automate
Using creating, and repetitive tasks.
Macros in • Running a • Create a Simple Macro: Develop a
organizing
Spreadsh Macro basic macro to perform a specific
macros, and
eet function.
using them as • Creating and • Use a Macro: Execute an existing macro
functions for Organising a to automate tasks in a document.
document Simple Macro • Pass Arguments to a Macro: Provide
automation.
arguments to a macro to customize its
• Macro as a behavior.
Function • Pass the Arguments as Values:
Supply values as arguments to a macro for
dynamic operation.
• Write Macros as Built-in Functions:
Create macros that function similarly to
built-in functions for enhanced
functionality.
• Access Cells Directly: Write macros to
directly manipulate cell data in
spreadsheets.
• Sort Columns Using a Macro:
Develop and use a macro to sort columns
in a spreadsheet.

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 Chapter Learn to set up • Setting up • Setup Multiple Sheets: Insert and
6: multiple sheets, multiple sheets. • organize new sheets within a workbook.
Linking create references Creating reference to • Create References to Other Sheets:
Spreadsh and other sheets by Use keyboard and mouse to create
eet Data hyperlinks within using keyboard and references between different sheets in a
and across mouse. workbook.
documents, and link • Create References to Other
• Creating Documents: Use keyboard and mouse
to external and
reference to another to link data from one document to
registered
document by using another.
data sources.
keyboard and • Create, Edit, and Remove
mouse. Hyperlinks: Add, modify, and delete
• Hyperlinks hyperlinks to sheets within a workbook.
to the Sheet • Link to External Data: Connect and
import data from external sources into
Relative and
your document.
Absolute
• Link to Registered Data Sources:
Hyperlinks
Establish links to registered data sources
Creating for data integration.
Hyperlinks

SUB LEARNING
UNIT OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

• Editing a
Hyperlink
• Linking to
External Data
• Linking to
Registered Data
Sources

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 Chapter Develop the • Sharing • Set Up a Spreadsheet for Sharing:
7: ability to share, open, Spreadsheet Configure a spreadsheet to enable sharing
Share and and save shared • Opening and saving a
with others.
Review a spreadsheets, track • Open and Save a Shared
shared spreadsheet.
Spreadsh Spreadsheet: Access and save changes
and review changes, • Recording changes.
eet to a spreadsheet that has been shared
and with you.
• Add, Edit and Format
handle • Record Changes: Track modifications
the comments.
comments and made to the spreadsheet.
• Reviewing
merging for
Changes – View,
• Add, Edit, and Format
effective Comments: Insert, modify, and format
Accept or Reject
collaboration. comments within the spreadsheet.
Changes
• Review Changes: View, accept, or
• Merging and reject changes made by others in the
comparing. shared spreadsheet.
• Merge and Compare Sheets: Combine
and compare different sheets to integrate
data effectively.

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 Unit 3: Database Management System using LibreOffice Base
LEARNING
SUB UNIT OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

Chapter 8: Understand data and • Data and • Identify Data and Information:
Introduction information Information Distinguish between data and
to Database concepts, the • Databases and information within a database context.
Managemen DBMS • Identify Fields, Records, and
advantages of
t System • Advantages of Tables: Recognize and describe fields,
databases,
database, • Data records, and tables in a database.
various data models
Models • Prepare a Sample Table: Create a
and key terminology sample table with standard fields to
and objects of ➢ Hierarchical illustrate database structure.
relational database Data Model
• Identify Different Types of Data
systems. ➢ Network Models: Identify and describe various
Data Model data models such as hierarchical,
➢ Relational network, and relational.
Data Model • Different Types of Keys:
Recognize and explain different types
• Relational database
of keys used in databases, such as
Model
primary and foreign keys.
➢ RDBS • Identify Different Objects of
Terminology RDBMS: Identify and describe
➢ Objects of an different objects in a relational
RDBMS database management system
(RDBMS), including tables, queries, and
forms.

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 Chapter 9: Learn to navigate • Introduction • Start LibreOffice Base and
Starting with LibreOffice Base, to LibreOffice Base Observe the Main Window: Launch
LibreOffice manage data types, • Data types
LibreOffice Base and familiarize
Base create and save yourself with the main window's
• Starting with components.
tables using various
LibreOffice • Create a Sample Table Using
methods, set primary
keys, and perform • User Interface Wizard: Use the wizard to create a
Of LibreOffice Base sample table in any category.
data entry, editing,
sorting, and record • Opening a • Create Different Tables from
Available List: Practice creating
deletion. Database
various tables by selecting fields from
• Creating a the available options.
Table • Assign Data Types and Set
➢ Using a Wizard Primary Key: Define data types for
➢ Using design fields and set a primary key for the
view, table.
• Edit the Table in Design View:
• Setting
Modify the table structure using the
primary key design view.
• Saving a Table • Enter Data in the Fields: Input

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 LEARNING
SUB UNIT OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

• Entering data data into the fields of your table.

into table Delete Records from Table:
Remove records from the table as
• Navigating
needed.
through the table Arrange Data in Ascending or
• Editing Data Descending Order: Sort the
table data in ascending or
• Deleting
descending order
Records from Table
• Sorting Data in
the Table

Chapter 10: Develop skills in • Editing and Insert Data in the Table: Add new
Working with editing and Deleting tables, • data entries to a table.
Multiple deleting tables, Relationships Edit Records in the Table:
Tables creating and between tables Modify existing records within the
managing table • Types of table.
relationships, and Delete Records from Table:
Relationships– one to
ensuring referential Remove specific records from the
one, one to many, table.
integrity. many to many Sort Data in the Table: Arrange
• Advantages of data in ascending or descending order
Relating Tables in a within the table.
Database Create and Edit Relationships:
Establish and modify relationships
• Creating
between tables, including one-to-
Relationships between one, one-tomany, and many-to-
Tables many. Enter Various Field
• Referential Properties: Set and adjust different
Integrity properties for fields in the table.

Chapter 11: Acquire skills in • Queries Prepare a Query for Given

Queries in creating and editing • Query creation Criteria: Create a query based on
Base queries using both using wizard specified criteria.
wizards and design Create a Query Using Wizard
• Creation of
view, and working and Design View: Demonstrate
query using design
with numerical data how to generate a query using both
view • Editing a query,
in queries. the wizard and design view. Edit a
• Working with Query: Modify an existing query to
Numerical Data update its criteria or structure.

Apply Various Criteria in a

Query: Demonstrate applying
different criteria in a query, including
single field, multiple fields, and
wildcard searches.

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 Perform Calculations Using
Query in Base: Execute
LEARNING
SUB UNIT OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

calculations within a query in

LibreOffice Base.
Chapter 12: Able to create and • Forms in BASE. • Create a Form Using Form
Forms and modify forms and • Creating form Wizard: Generate a form by following
Reports reports in LibreOffice using wizard, the steps in the Form Wizard.
Base, use the Form • Modifying a • Enter or Remove Data from
Forms: Input new data or delete
Controls Toolbar, and Form
existing data using forms.
insert • Form Controls • Modify Forms: Demonstrate how to
additional controls, Toolbar adjust and customize forms.
titles, headings, and • Report in Base • Change Label and
date/time • Inserting other Background: Modify the label text
elements in controls in report and background color or design of a
reports. • Inserting Titles form.
& Headings • Search Records Using a Form:
• Inserting Date & Use the form to find specific records
Time based on search criteria.
• • Insert and Delete Records Using
Form View: Add new records or
remove existing ones through the
Form View.
• Create a Report Using Report
Wizard: Illustrate the steps to
generate a report using the Report
Wizard.
• Demonstrate Various Report
Examples: Provide examples of
different types of reports created using
the Report Wizard.

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 Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure Working
Environment
LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES
Chapter 13. Understand • Introduction to Health, Safety, and Practice Basic
Health, workplace health, Security At Workplace • Policies and Safety Rules:
Safety and safety, and security Procedures for Healthy, Safety and Implement fire
Security at Security safety measures,
policies, identify
Workplace various hazards, • Reasons for Health, Safety, and prevent falls and
and learn how to Security Programs or slips, ensure
manage risks and Policies in the Workplace electrical safety, and
maintain a safe • Workplace Safety Hazards apply first aid
working • Physical Hazards procedures to
• Falling Off Heights, Slipping and protect workers and
environment.
Tripping prevent accidents.
• Electrical Hazards
• Fire Hazards
• Health Hazards

LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES
• Potential Sources of Hazards in an
Organisation
• Hazards using Computers
• Handling Office Equipment
• Handling Objects
• Stress at Work
• Working Environment
• Hazard Control
• Safety Guidelines Checklist

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Chapter 14. Learn about air and • Introduction Illustrate Handling
Workplace water quality • Air and Water Quality Accidents at
Quality
monitoring, Monitoring Process Workplace:
Measures Demonstrate the
office ergonomics, • Guidelines for Clean Air and Clean
Water steps to manage and
health and safety
• Importance of Cleanliness at respond to accidents
guidelines for in the workplace.
computer use, and Workplace
Demonstrate
methods to reduce • Office Ergonomics
Following
risks associated • Computer Health and Safety
Evacuation Plan:
with Tips
Show how to
musculoskeletal • Musculoskeletal Problems:
effectively follow
problems and other Occupational Overuse
the evacuation plan
workrelated issues. Syndrome,
and procedures
Strain in Legs and Feet, Eye
during an emergency.
Strain,
• To reduce the risks of visual
problems:
Headaches, Obesity, Stress
Disorders, Injuries from Laptop Use,
Sleeping Problems
• Health and Safety
Requirements for Computer
Workplace
• Cautions while Working on the
Computer
Chapter 15. Able to identify and • Accident and Emergencies: Identify Hazards
Prevent handle accidents ➢ Notice and Correctly Identify and Sources of
Accidents and emergencies, Accidents and Emergencies Hazards:
and follow company ➢ Get help Promptly and in the Most Recognize potential
Emergencie policies, manage Suitable Way hazards and their
s different types of ➢ Follow Company Policies and sources in the
accidents and Procedures for Preventing workplace.
emergencies, and Further Injury While Waiting for Help to Identify Problems at
apply fire safety Arrive Workplace:
➢ Act within the Limits of your Assess workplace
and first aid
Responsibility and Authority when issues that could lead
procedures
Accidents and to accidents.
effectively.
Emergencies Arise, Practice
➢ Promptly Follow Instructions given General
by Senior Staff and the Evacuation
Procedures:
Emergency Services
Execute evacuation
LEARNING
SUB UNIT THEORY PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES

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 • Types of Accidents procedures simulatedin
➢ Trip and Fall emergency
➢ Slip and Fall situations.
➢ Injuries caused due to
Escalators or Elevators (or lifts)
➢ Accidents due to Falling of Goods
➢ Accidents due to
Moving
Objects
• Handling Accidents:
➢ Attend to the Injured Person
Immediately,
➢ Inform your Supervisor
➢ Assist your Supervisor
• Types of Emergencies
➢ First Aid,
➢ Electrical Safety
➢ Evacuation
• General Evacuation
Procedures
• Fire Hazards in the Workplace
• Fire Prevention
• Identification of Material and
Ignition Sources
• First Aid for Electrical
Emergencies
• Electrical Rescue Techniques

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20 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced)

using LibreOffice Writer
Chapter 1. Introduction to Styles
Important Notes of Styles:

1) Style: A style is a collection of all formatting information,

which you want to save and then apply on the document.
Using Style allows you to shift your focus from appearance of
the document to the content of document. To avoid
inconsistency in formatting and reduce time and effort in
formatting a document, we use Styles in Writer.
2) There are two ways to create a style- 1) Manually formatting
a document , 2) By apply style and formatting.
3) A Style is collection of all formatting information, which you
want to save and then apply on the document.
4) Writer provides six Style categories – Page, Paragraph,
Character, Frame, List and Table.
5) Predefined Heading style(s) act as bookmarks in a
document. These bookmarks allow faster browsing in a
document.
6) These Style(s) tools can be accessed from Menu bar, Drop
Down List and Side bar.

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 7) Fill Format is used to style scattered – Pages, Frames, Tables,
Lists, Paragraphs or Characters in a document.
8) Writer allows creating custom style and saving them for
future use.
9) These new styles can be created using Selection method or
Drag and Drop method.
10) Drag and Drop method cannot be used to create a Page
style.
11) A user defined style once created, can be updated at any
point of time. Steps used for updating a style are same as
creation of style.
12) A document can be styled using another document or a
template.

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Book Exercise:
Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following features in LibreOffice

Writer is/are used to create the given document?
(a) Page borders
(b) Envelope
(c) Picture from File
(d) Indexes and Tables
Ans: (b) Envelope
2. Styles menu (from sidebar) in Writer provide
options to work on
(a) Paragraph Styles
(b) Frame Styles
(c) Page Styles
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
3. What is style template in LibreOffice Writer?
(a) Pre-determined form and mode of document file
(b) One kind of model style
(c) One type of document
(d) Cluster of documents in Writer
Ans: (b) One kind of model style

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4. Which of the following gives the status of your
document like page numbers, number of pages?
(a) Status bar
(b) Standard toolbar
(c) Formatting
(d) Title bar
Ans: (a) Status bar
5. Which of the following can be used to access a
style menu?
(a) F11 function key
(b) Sidebar Menu
(c) Formatting toolbar
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these

B. Fill in the blanks

1. A style is a collection of different formats
2. Styles are especially handy in Libre Office .
3. Proper use of styles improves consistency in a
document
4. The first five buttons at the top of the Styles window
select the category of styles .
5. Using predefined Heading Style creates Bookmark in
the document.

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6. On opening a new file , default Style is used for
formatting the document.
7. In page layout documents, you can arrange objects
like text boxes and graphics.
8. Character styles are often integrated in Paragraph
Style.
9. Fill Format allows to apply style at different places in
the document.
10. Predefined Style cannot be updated by Drag and
Drop method.

C. Short answer questions

1. What do you understand by styles in LibreOffice
writer document?
Ans: Styles in LibreOffice Writer documents are
predefined formatting templates that can be applied to text
and objects to ensure consistency and efficiency in
formatting.

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2. Write advantages of using Style over manual
formatting, for designing a document.
Ans: Advantages of using styles over manual formatting
include consistency in formatting throughout the
document, easier and
quicker formatting
updates, better document
organization, and
increased productivity.

3. What are the different categories of style in

LibreOffice writer document?
Ans: The different categories of styles in LibreOffice
Writer documents include
➢ Paragraph Styles
➢ Character Styles
➢ Frame Styles
➢ Page Styles
➢ List Styles.
➢ Table Style
(a) Page – all documents in Writer are based on pages,
hence for formatting them, Page Style is used. It defines
basic page layout like page size, its margin, placement of
header and footer, footnote, borders and background. A
document can have one or many page styles. If a page
style is not specified, Writer uses its built-in Default page
style.

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(b) Paragraph – after deciding on a page format, next is
the document content, which is organised in paragraphs. A
paragraph begins and ends by pressing Enter key.
Paragraph formatting includes tab stops, text alignment,
line spacing and borders. Usually, it also includes
Character styling attributes.
(c) Character – this styling is used to work on block of
letters, i.e. word(s) in the paragraph instead of the whole
paragraph. By using character styles, you can change the
appearance of a part of a paragraph without affecting the
other part. Character styles allow changing the text colour,
text size, highlighting text and emphasising it.
(d) Frame – using frames, a document can be organised
in sections, so that each section of the page can have a
different appearance. Frames are like containers, which
can hold text, graphics and lists. Therefore, applying
Frame Styles allows to format a frame by specifying its
size, position, border and how the text is placed around
the picture.
(e) List – to style lists in a document, the Writer provides
a separate category. It can be used to style lists by putting
numbering or bullets of a different kind or specify numeric
format.
(f ) Table – using tables, a large amount of information
can be organised and presented effectively. Table Style
category allows to format a table by adding borders, using
different text or border colour(s), aligning text inside the
table, having different patterns or text colour.

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4. Write down the steps to update a style.
Ans: Steps to update a style:

➢ Step 1. Select the page/paragraph to be modified.

➢ Step 2. Format the selected portion as per the
requirement.
➢ Step 3. Go to Style menu, and click on the button to
update.
➢ Step 4. Using Style Action button, click on Updated
Selected Style.

5. What do you understand by custom styles in

LibreOffice writer?
Ans: Custom styles in LibreOffice Writer are user-defined
styles created to meet specific formatting requirements not
covered by default styles.A user defined style or custom
style once created, can be updated at any point of time.
Custom style can be updated at any point of time, Custom
style can be created using two methods:
a) Selection Method
b) Drag and Drop method

28 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar

6. In a document Introduction paragraph is to be
designed extensively by setting its font (face, size,
weight, colour), space above it and giving number to
heading. Given below are the steps used to do so.
(i) Select the Introduction (paragraph)
(ii) Open Font list from Toolbar
(iii) Select the font
(iv) Open Font size from Toolbar
(v) Select the desired font size
(vi) Select Font weight (Bold) from the toolbar
(vii) Open Font color from Toolbar
(viii) Select desired color
(ix) Using Format menu option, select Spacing >
Paragraph > Indent and Spacing
(x) Edit space above paragraph
(xi) Add number by Selecting Numbered list from Toolbar.
Ans: Do it in Practical
7. Give two examples, where instead of Style, using
manual formatting will be beneficial.
Ans: Examples:
1) Manual formatting may be beneficial instead of using
styles include creating one-off, unique formatting for
specific elements or when experimenting with design
variations.

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8. Give one situation, in which you will prefer to use
Fill Format for styling your document.
Ans: One situation where you might prefer to use Fill
Format for styling your document is when you have
consistent formatting throughout the document that you
want to quickly apply to other parts without creating or
modifying styles.

9. Write steps to load style(s) from a template.

Ans: Steps to load style(s) from a template:
➢ Open the document/template containing the styles
you want to load.
➢ Go to the Styles and Formatting window.
➢ Right-click on the style you want to load.
➢ Select Load Style.
➢ Choose the document/template containing the style
you want to load.
➢ Click OK

30 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar

Mind Map for NCERT Solutions –

Information Technology (402) - Class X - Unit 1:

Digital Documentation (Advanced) using LibreOffice
Writer
Chapter 1: Introduction to Styles
1. Definition of Style
o A collection of formatting information applied to
a document.
o Helps focus on content rather than appearance.
o Reduces inconsistency, time, and effort.
2. Ways to Create a Style
o Manually Formatting: Apply custom
formatting to the document.
o Using Style and Formatting: Apply predefined
styles.
3. Style Categories in LibreOffice Writer
o Page Style: Page layout (size, margin, header,
footer).
o Paragraph Style: Text alignment, spacing, and
borders.
o Character Style: Appearance of words (color,
size, font).
o Frame Style: Organize sections with frames
(text, graphics).
31 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 o List Style: Numbering or bullet formatting.
o Table Style: Organizing and formatting tables
(borders, text alignment).
4. Predefined Heading Styles
o Act as bookmarks for faster navigation within
documents.
5. Accessing Styles in Writer
o Menu Bar
o Drop Down List
o Sidebar
6. Fill Format
o Apply style to scattered elements like pages,
frames, tables, lists, paragraphs, or characters.
7. Creating Custom Styles
o Selection Method: Create a style by selecting
the formatted text.
o Drag and Drop Method: Drag formatted text
into the style panel (not for Page Style).
o Custom styles can be updated at any time.
8. Updating Styles
o Select, modify, and update the style through the
Style Action button.
9. Loading Styles from a Template
o Open the template, right-click on the style, select
"Load Style," choose the document, and apply.
32 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 10. Using Fill Format
o Efficient for applying consistent formatting
across different parts of a document.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X
Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced) using
LibreOffice Writer
Chapter 2. Working with Images

Important Notes of Working with images

1) In a digital document, a graphic or image is called

digital image.
2) A digital image is represented in pixels.
3) Predefined image can be inserted using Drag Drop
method, Copy-Paste method or using Insert Image
dialog box.
4) Inserting an image embeds a copy of the image in the
document.
5) An image can be linked to a document using Insert
Image dialog box.
6) Linking an image saves only the link of the image
instead of embedding the image. This saves
7) space in case multiple copies of the same image
8) are required.
9) Image Toolbar can be used to modify an image.
10) Tools for filtering, resizing, cropping, deleting and
rotating an image are available in this toolbar.
11) Drawing Tools are used to create pictures
(objects), such as Flowchart, Call out box, designs, etc.
12) Properties of Object can be customised by
resizing, rotating, moving or editing.

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 13) Drawing object properties can be modified
either at the time of creation (when you start drawing) or
after its creation.
14) Properties when modified before creation, is
known as setting Default values.
15) An object drawn using different shapes, can be
grouped to behave as single object.
16) Writer provide various tools to arrange text and
image or drawing on a page.

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Book Exercise:
A. Multiple choice questions
1. The text or image which appears faintly in the
background of a page is called _________________.
(a) Water mark
(b) Trade mark
(c) Copyright
(d) Embossing
Ans: (a) Water mark
2. JPG or JPEG in image format stands for
________________.
(a) Joint Photographic Experts Group
(b) Joint Picture Experts Group
(c) Joint Photographic Experts Graph
(d) Joint Photographic Experts General
Ans: (a) Joint Photographic Experts Group

3. In Drawing Object Properties toolbar, Grouping

options provided are _________________.
(a) Exit Group
(b) Ungroup
(c) Enter Group
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these

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4. Which of the following is not the correct file
extension for an image file?
(a) GIF
(b) JPEG
(c) Odt
(d) PNG
Ans: (c) Odt
5. Image toolbar does not provide a tool for
_________________.
(a) filtering
(b) cropping
(c) copying
(d) flipping
Ans: (c) copying

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Cropping tool cuts off non-desirable part of the image.
2. To change both brightness and contrast of the image
Gamma correction tool can be used.
3. To simulate the effect of time on picture ageing
tool is used.
4. send back place image at the bottom of all objects.

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5. An image can be deleted by selecting it and pressing
DELETE key.
6. In drawing tools, basic shapes list provide 25 shapes.
7. Anchor act as reference point for a drawing.
8. There are three options for aligning an image
horizontally.
9. The corner handles of image are used for rotating it.
10. Changing properties of an object before its creation,
retain them throughout the session.

C. Short answer questions

1. What is a digital image? How can you create one?
Ans: A digital image is a representation of a real image in
a binary format that is readable by a computer. You can
create a digital image using a digital camera, scanner, or
by creating an image using software like Photoshop, GIMP,
or any graphic design tool.

2. Write steps to insert an image from the gallery

using Drag and Drop method.
Ans: Open the gallery by selecting Tools > Gallery.

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 ➢ Browse to the desired image category.
➢ Click and hold on the image you want to insert.
➢ Drag the image into the document where you want it
to appear and release the mouse button.
3. How is resizing of image different from cropping
it?
Ans: Resizing an image changes its dimensions (width
and height) while keeping the entire image visible.
Cropping an image, on the other hand, removes parts of
the image, reducing its content and focusing on a specific
area.

39 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar

4. What are the tools available in drawing toolbar?
Describe any five tools.
Ans: Tools available in the drawing toolbar include:

➢ Select: Allows you to select objects.

➢ Line: Draws straight lines.
➢ Rectangle: Draws rectangles and squares.
➢ Ellipse: Draws circles and ellipses.
➢ Text: Adds text boxes.
➢ Curve: Draws curves and freeform lines.
➢ Connector: Draws lines that can be connected to
objects.

5. How is linking of an image different from

embedding? Give a situation in which you would
prefer to link an image.
Ans: Linking an image means inserting a reference to the
image file rather than the image itself. Embedding means
inserting the actual image into the document. Linking is
preferred when the image file is large or when you expect
the image to be updated frequently, as it reduces
document size and ensures the latest version of the image
is always used.

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6. Write steps to change properties for drawing
objects.
Ans: Select the drawing object.
➢ Right-click on the object and choose Properties from
the context menu.
➢ Use the options in the Properties dialog to change
attributes like size, color, line style, and fill.
➢ Click OK to apply the changes.

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7. What are the benefits and drawbacks of grouping
drawing objects?
Ans: Benefits:
Easier to move and resize multiple objects at once.
Maintains alignment and positioning of grouped objects.
Simplifies complex diagrams.
Drawbacks:
Harder to edit individual objects within the group.
Grouped objects may lose individual properties.

8. Describe any two tools from Drawing Object

Properties toolbar.
Ans: Line Style: Allows you to change the style of the
line, including solid, dashed, and dotted lines.
Fill Color: Lets you choose the color to fill the inside of
shapes.

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9. Write steps to insert an image in a basic drawing
shape.
Ans: Draw the shape using the drawing toolbar.
➢ Select the shape.
➢ Right-click and choose Area or Fill.
➢ In the Fill options, choose Bitmap.
➢ Select an image file to use as the fill for the shape.
10. Write factors controlling positioning of an image
in a document.
Ans: Positioning of an image is controlled by
four settings.
(i) Arrangement
(ii) Anchoring
(iii) Alignment
(iv) Text Wrapping
Arrangement:

In Overlapping objects arrangement determines the

position of the current drawing with respect to other
drawings or text. The Drawing Object Properties toolbar
consists of the arrangement tools . These are the six tools
in the order of appearance from left to right, namely Bring
to Front, Forward One, Back One, Send to Back, To
Foreground, To Background.
43 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
Anchoring:

It acts as a reference point for image or drawing.

Anchoring allows an image to retain its position to a page,
paragraph, character or frame. Anchor tool,Clicking on the
downward arrow you can observe that an image can be
anchored to Page, Paragraph, Character or Frame. So
whenever a page, paragraph, character or frame is aligned,
the anchored image moves along with it.
Alignment:

It allows the vertical or horizontal placement of the image

with respect to its anchor. Alignment tools are located
under Drawing Properties Toolbar. An image can be
aligned in six different styles – 3 horizontal and 3 vertical.
Text Wrapping
It allows the placement of image in relation to text. Text
Wrapping tools are available under Drawing Object
Properties Toolbar. There are six choices, namely Wrap
off, Page Wrap, Optimal Page Wrap, Wrap left, Wrap right,
Wrap through, in the order of their appearance from left to
right.

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Mind Map for NCERT Solutions –

Information Technology (402) - Class X - Unit 1:

Digital Documentation (Advanced) using LibreOffice
Writer
Chapter 2: Working with Images
1. Digital Image
o A graphic or image in a digital document.

o Represented by pixels.

2. Inserting Images
o Methods:

▪ Drag and Drop

▪ Copy-Paste

▪ Insert Image Dialog Box

o Embedded Image: A copy of the image is saved

in the document.
o Linked Image: Saves only the image link,

reducing file size (useful for multiple copies).

3. Image Toolbar
o Functions:

▪ Filtering

▪ Resizing

▪ Cropping

▪ Deleting

▪ Rotating images

4. Drawing Tools
o Create objects like flowcharts, call-out boxes,

designs, etc.
o Object Properties: Customizable by resizing,

rotating, and moving.

5. Default Values
o Set properties before creation to retain them

throughout the session.

45 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 6. Grouping Objects
o Multiple objects can be grouped to behave as a

single unit.
7. Text and Image Arrangement
o Writer offers tools to arrange text and images on

a page.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X
Unit 1: Digital Documentation (Advanced) using
LibreOffice Writer
Chapter 3. Advanced Features of Writer

Important notes of Advanced Features of Writer

1) A Table of Contents (ToC) contains a list of topics and
subtopics that have been covered in the book along
with page numbers.
2) A ToC in Writer allows to insert an automated table
of contents in a document.
3) The contents in the ToC are hyperlinked in the table.
4) LibreOffice Writer supports up to 10 levels of
headings H1 to H10.
5) To insert a ToC, select Insert > Table of Contents and
Index > Table of Contents, Index or Bibliography.
6) To add a graphic as a background of the ToC, select
the Bitmap button in the Background tab of the Table
of Contents, Index or Bibliography dialog box.
7) Once inserted, a ToC can be edited or deleted from
the document.
8) A template is a preset layout that helps to create
professional and/or formal documents easily.
9) In a template we can create and save defined
headings, text formats, styles, page numbers, headers
and footers.

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A. Multiple choice questions
1. Which of the following is true about Table of
Contents, Index or Bibliography dialog box?
(a) It has four tabs
(b) On the Type tab, by default, the checkbox for Protected
against Manual Changes option will be selected.
(c) The Styles tab contains options to change the
background colour.
(d) None of the above
Ans: (b) On the Type tab, by default, the checkbox
for Protected against Manual Changes option will be
selected.
2. Which of the following tabs is by default active
when the Table of Contents, Entries or Bibliography
dialog box is opened?
(a) Entries
(b) Background
(c) Styles
(d) Type
Ans: (d) Type
3. Which of the following tabs contains options to
set styles for various entries in the ToC?
(a) Entries
(b) Background
(c) Styles
48 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
(d) Type
Ans: (c) Styles
4. Which of the following can be added in the
background of Table of Contents in LibreOffice
Writer?
(a) Color
(b) Graphic
(c) Both a and b
(d) Neither a nor b
Ans: (c) Both a and b
5. Which of the following is NOT true about
templates?
(a) The styles and formatting features can be reused.
(b) LibreOffice provides online templates
(c) We cannot create our own templates.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) We cannot create our own templates.
6. Which of the following is the shortcut key to open
the Templates dialog box?
(a) Ctrl+Alt+N
(b) Shift+Ctrl+N
(c) Ctrl+Alt+T
(d) Shift+Alt+T
Ans: (b) Shift+Ctrl+N
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7. Which of the following buttons, in the Templates
dialog box, will be clicked to save a template
displayed in the list of templates?
(a) Export
(b) Import
(c) Move
(d) None of the above
Ans: (b) Import
8. Which of the following is the shortcut key to
select he entire document?
(a) Ctrl+S
(b) Ctrl+A
(c) Ctrl+D
(d) Ctrl+B
Ans: (b) Ctrl+A

9. Which of the following is the correct sequence of

options to open the Templates dialog box?

(a) File > Manage Templates > Templates

(b) File > Templates > Manage Templates
(c) Insert > Templates >Manage Templates
(d) Insert > Manage Templates > Templates
Ans: (b) File > Templates > Manage Templates
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10. Which of the following is true about Track
Changes feature of Writer?
(a) You cannot record a change made in the document.
(b) A comment of a particular author only can be deleted
(c) Any change made to the document is permanent.
(d) None of the above
Ans: (d) None of the above
11. Which of the following menus contains the
Track Changes option?
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) View
(d) Insert
Ans: (b) Edit

12. Which of the following is the shortcut key to

start recording the changes being made in the
document?
(a) Ctrl+Shift+C.
(b) Alt+Shift+C
(c) Ctrl+Alt+C
(d) Shift+C+F2
Ans: (a) Ctrl+Shift+C.

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B. Fill in the blanks
1. To navigate to the topic from the ToC, press Ctrl key
while clicking the mouse button on that topic.
2. To remove the applied paragraph styling in the ToC,
select the outline level in the Levels list box, and then click
the default button.
3. If the checkbox for protected against manual
changes option is selected, the ToC is protected from any
accidental change.
4. To update the ToC manually, right click and select
Update index / table option from the pop up menu.
5. The columns tab contains options to set the number
of columns that we want to have in our ToC.
6. A templet is a preset layout that helps us to create
professional and formal documents easily.
7. The default template in Writer is default /blank
document templates.
8. To find the template that is being used in the current
document, select properties option from the File menu.
9. The browse / browse online templates button is
clicked in Templates dialog box to view online templates.
10. The Track Changes feature of Writer offers us an
alternative method to keep a record of all the changes
made in the original document.
11. The shortcut key to start recording the changes is
Ctrl + Alt + C /Ctrl + Shift+C .
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12. After the Track Changes feature is ON, the added
characters are shown as underlined / coloured text.

C. State whether the given statements are True or

False

1. The topics in Table of Contents are hyperlinked. TRUE

2. The Table of Contents in LibreOffice Writer can be
updated automatically. FALSE
3. TABLE of Contents can be inserted even if the section
headings are not styled. FALSE
4. Once a ToC is created, it cannot be edited. FALSE
5. We cannot add a graphic as a background of ToC.
FALSE
6. A single template can be used for multiple documents.
TRUE
7. A template cannot contain graphics. FALSE
8. All documents in Writer are based upon templates.
TRUE
9. The online templates cannot be added to the list of
templates in the templates dialog box. FALSE
10. A template once created can be edited again and again.
TRUE
11. The changes recorded have to be accepted by the
original author. FALSE
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12. We can delete the comments added in a document by
the user. TRUE

D. Answer the following questions

1. What is the need of table of contents?
Ans: The Table of Contents (ToC) provides a quick and
easy way to navigate through a document, helping readers
to find specific sections or topics without having to scroll
through the entire document. It also provides a clear
structure and overview of the document's content.

2. What will happen if the ‘Protected Against

Manual Changes’ option is not selected in the Type
tab of Table of Contents, Index or Bibliography
dialog box?
Ans: If the ‘Protected Against Manual Changes’ option is
not selected, the ToC can be edited directly, which may
lead to accidental changes or inconsistencies between the
ToC and the actual document content.

3. Name the five tabs present in the Table of

Contents, Index or Bibliography dialog box.
Ans: The five tabs are: Type, Entries, Styles, Columns, and
Background.

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4. What do you mean by customization of ToC?
Ans: Customization of ToC involves modifying its
appearance and structure according to user preferences,
such as changing the styles, formatting, adding or
removing levels, adjusting the number of columns, and
setting background colors or graphics.

5. How headings and sub-headings of a document

differentiated in ToC?
Ans: Headings and sub-headings in a ToC are
differentiated by their levels and formatting styles. Higher-
level headings are usually displayed with more prominent
formatting (such as bold or larger font size), while sub-
headings are indented or formatted differently to indicate
their subordinate position.

6. Define a template.
Ans: A template is a pre-designed document format that
includes predefined styles, layouts, and formatting, which
can be used as a starting point for creating new
documents to ensure consistency and save time.

7. Give any one advantage of using a template for

your document.
Ans: One advantage of using a template is that it ensures
consistency in document formatting and layout, which is
55 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
especially useful for creating professional and formal
documents.

8. What is the difference between importing and

exporting a template?
Ans: Importing a template involves adding a template from
an external source into the LibreOffice template
repository, whereas exporting a template involves saving a
template from LibreOffice to an external location for use or
sharing with others.

9. Name any two categories of templates.

Ans: Two categories of templates are: Business templates
and Personal templates.

10. When is exporting of templates useful? Give any

one reason.
Ans: Exporting templates is useful when you want to share
a standardized format with others or use the same
template on a different computer, ensuring consistency
across different users or devices.

11. What is the difference between Accept Track

Change and Accept All Tracked Changes buttons?
Ans: The "Accept Track Change" button approves a single
selected change made in the document, while the "Accept

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All Tracked Changes" button approves all changes
recorded in the document at once.

12. How do we prepare a document for review?

Ans: To prepare a document for review, enable the "Track
Changes" feature to record modifications, add comments
for specific sections, and share the document in a format
that allows reviewers to make suggestions and edits. This
ensures a clear and organized review process, with all
changes tracked and visible.
13. Identify and label the Record button, Insert
Comments button, Accept All Tracked Changes,
Reject Track Change buttons in the following figures
of Track Changes toolbar.

Ans:

Ans:

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14. Identify and label “Browse Online Templates
button, Export button, Import button” in the
following Templates dialog box.

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Ans:

59 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar

Mind Map for NCERT Solutions –
Information Technology (402) - Class X - Unit 1:
Digital Documentation (Advanced) using LibreOffice
Writer
Chapter 3: Advanced Features of Writer
1. Table of Contents (ToC)
o Definition: List of topics and subtopics with
page numbers.
o Automated Insertion: ToC can be auto-inserted
in a document.
o Hyperlinked: Topics in ToC are hyperlinked for
easy navigation.
o Levels of Headings: Supports up to 10 levels
(H1 to H10).
2. Inserting a ToC
o Steps: Select Insert > Table of Contents and
Index > Table of Contents, Index or
Bibliography.
3. Editing and Deleting ToC
o Can be modified or removed after insertion.
4. Background in ToC
o Add a graphic background to the ToC using
the Bitmap option from the Background tab.
5. Templates
o Definition: Preset layouts for professional or
formal documents.
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 o Customizable: Save defined headings, text
formats, styles, page numbers, headers, and
footers in a template.

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62 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)

using LibreOffice Calc

Ch 4. Analyse Data using Scenarios and Goal Seek

Important Notes of Scenarios and Goal Seek

1. Consolidating Data
- Used to combine data from multiple ranges or sheets
into a single summary.
- Supports functions like SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, etc.,
to aggregate data.
- Can be performed by referencing cell ranges or by
categories (e.g., by row/column labels).
- Useful for merging data from multiple sources or
summarizing large datasets.

2. Groups
- Allows users to create collapsible and expandable
sections in a spreadsheet.

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 - Helps in organizing data by creating logical groups
(rows or columns).
- Simplifies the view of complex data by hiding or
displaying details as needed.
- Can be used for hierarchical data representation and
analysis.

3. Subtotals
- Automatically calculates subtotals for grouped data in a
range.
- Allows grouping by a specified column and applying
functions (SUM, AVERAGE, etc.) to the grouped data.
- Creates a structured report with subtotal rows inserted
at group breaks.
- Enhances data analysis by providing intermediate
totals for different data segments.

4. What-If Scenarios
- Enables exploring different outcomes by changing
input values.
- Useful for decision-making and planning purposes
(e.g., budgeting, forecasting).
- Scenarios can be created, saved, and compared to
assess different possibilities.
- Helps in understanding the impact of various variables
on the final result.
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 5. What-If Analysis Tool
- A set of tools (Goal Seek, Solver) for exploring different
scenarios.
- Assists in performing sensitivity analysis by adjusting
variables and constraints.
- Offers insights into how changes in inputs affect the
output.
- Useful for optimization and finding the best outcomes
under specific conditions.

6. Goal Seek
- A tool for finding the input value required to achieve a
specific output.
- Solves for one variable by iteratively changing it until
the desired result is achieved.
- Useful for solving equations or finding break-even
points.
- Simple and quick for single-variable problems.

7. Solver
- An advanced tool for finding optimal solutions by
adjusting multiple variables.

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 - Capable of handling complex constraints and objective
functions.
- Suitable for linear and nonlinear optimization
problems.
- Ideal for scenarios like maximizing profits, minimizing
costs, or optimizing resource allocation.

A. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following feature is not used for

data analysis in spreadsheet?
a) Consolidating data
b) Goal Seek
c) Subtotal
d) Page layout
Ans: d) Page layout
2. Which of the following office tool is known for
data analysis?
(a) Writer
(b) Calc
(c) Impress
(d) Draw
Ans: (b) Calc
3. Which of the following operations cannot be
performed using LibreOffice Calc?

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(a) Store and manipulate data
(b) Create graphical representation of data
(c) Analysis of data
(d) Mail merge
Ans: (d) Mail merge

4. What is the extension of spreadsheet file in Calc?

(a) .odb
(b) .odt
(c) .odg
(d) .ods
Ans: (d) .ods

5. The default function while using Consolidate is

____________.
(a) Average
(b) Sum
(c) Max
(d) Count
Ans: (b) Sum

6. Group by is used in _____________ tool to apply

summary functions on columns.

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(a) Consolidate function
(b) Group and Outline
(c) What-if scenario
(d) Subtotal tool
Ans: (d) Subtotal tool

7. Which tool is used to predict the output while

changing the input?
(a) Consolidate function
(b) What-if scenario
(c) Goal seek
(d) Fine and Replace
Ans: (b) What-if scenario

8. Which of the following is an example for absolute

cell referencing?
(a) C5
(b) $C$5
(c) $C
(d) #C
Ans: (b) $C$5

9. _____________ analysis tool works in reverse

order, finding input based on the output.
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(a) Consolidate function
(b) Goal seek
(c) What-if analysis
(d) Scenario
Ans: (b) Goal seek

B. State whether the following statements are True

or False
1. Consolidate function is used to combine information
from two or more sheets into one. TRUE
2. Consolidate function cannot be used to view and
compare data. FALSE
3. Link to source data is checked updates the target sheet
if any changes made in the source data. TRUE
4. Using subtotal in Calc needs to use filter data for sorting.
FALSE
5. Subtotal tool can use only one type of summary function
for all columns. FALSE
6. Only one scenario can be created for one sheet. FALSE
7. What-if analysis tool uses one array of cells. FALSE
8. Goal seek analysis tool is used while calculating the
output depending on the input. FALSE
9. The output of What-if tool is displayed in the same cell
FALSE

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C. Fill in the blanks

1. Consolidate function is used to combine information

from multiple sheets to summarize the information.
2. Data can be viewed and compared in a single sheet for
identifying trends and relationships using consolidate
function.
3. Data Consolidate under Data menu can be used to
combine information from multiple sheets into one sheet
to compare data.
4. The subtotal tool in Calc creates the group
automatically and applies functions on the grouped data.
5. What-if scenario is used to explore and compare
various alternatives depending on changing conditions.
6. What-if Tool is a planning tool for what-if questions.
7. What-if analysis tool uses two array of cells,
one array contains input values and the second uses the
formula and display output.
8. Goal seek helps in finding out the input for the specific
output.

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D. Answer the following questions
1. Define the terms
(a) Consolidate function
Ans: Consolidate is a function used to combine
information from multiple sheets of the spreadsheet into
one place to summarize the information. It is used to view
and compare variety of data in a single spreadsheet for
identifying trends and relationships.

(b) What-if analysis

Ans: What-if analysis is a technique that helps in exploring
different scenarios and their outcomes based on varying
input conditions.

(c) Goal seek

Ans: Goal seek is a tool used to find the required input
value to achieve a desired output value by automatic
adjusting the input.

2. Give one point of difference between

(a) Subtotal and What-if
Ans:
Subtotal What-if analysis
1) Subtotal is used to 1)What-if analysis is used
apply summary functions to explore different
on grouped data within a scenarios and their
single sheet.
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 outcomes by changing input
2)The Subtotal tool in Calc values.
creates the group 2)What-if tool uses Data >
automatically and applies Multiple Operations and is a
common functions like planning tool for what-if
sum, average on the questions.
grouped data.
3) One can use any type of 3)In this, the output is not
summary function for each shown in the same cells,
column as per the whereas it uses a drop-down
requirement of data list to display the output
analysis. depending upon the input.

(b) What-if scenario and What-if tool

Ans:
What-if scenario What-if tool
1)A What-if scenario 1) What-if tool is a
allows for the comparison broader term that includes
of multiple scenarios by all techniques and tools
changing variables. used to perform what-if
analysis.
2) What-if scenario is a set 2) What-if tool uses Data >
of values that can be used Multiple Operations and is a
within the calculations in planning tool for what-if
the spreadsheet. questions.
3)A name is given to the 3) In this, the output is not
scenario and several shown in the same cells,
scenarios can be created on whereas it uses a drop-
the same sheet. down list to display the
output depending upon the
input.
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3. Give any two advantages of data analysis tools.
Ans: Two advantages of data analysis tools are:
1) They help in identifying trends and patterns in data,
facilitating better decision-making.
2) They allow for efficient data summarization and
comparison from multiple sources.

4. Name any two tools for data analysis.

Ans: Two Tools used for data analysis are:
1) What-if analysis
2)Goal seek
3) Solver

5. What are the criteria for consolidating sheets?

Ans: The data range must be defined.
1) Source data should be arranged in a similar manner
with consistent labels.
2) The data types must match which you want to
consolidate.
3) Match the labels from all the sheets which are used
for consolidating.
4) Enter the first column as the primary column on the
basis of which the data is to be consolidated.

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6. Which tool is used to create an outline for the
selected data?
Ans: Group and Outline is used to create an outline
for the selected data.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet

(Advanced)
using LibreOffice Calc
Ch 5. Using Macros in Spreadsheet

Important Notes of macros in Spredsheet

1. Recording Macros
- Macros automate repetitive tasks by recording a
sequence of actions.
- The Macro Recorder captures actions like cell formatting,
data entry, calculations, etc.
- To record a macro: go to **Tools > Macros > Record
Macro**, perform the desired actions, and save the macro.
- Useful for saving time and reducing errors in repetitive
workflows.

2.Running a Macro
- Macros can be run manually or triggered by events (e.g.,
opening a document, clicking a button).

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- To run a macro: go to **Tools > Macros > Run Macro**,
select the desired macro from the list, and click "Run."
- Can be assigned to toolbar buttons, menu items, or
keyboard shortcuts for quick access.
- Ensure macros are enabled in LibreOffice settings and be
cautious of potential security risks from running unknown
macros.

3. Creating and Organizing a Simple Macro

- Macros are created using the Macro Recorder or by
writing code in LibreOffice Basic.
- Organize macros into modules within a library to keep
related macros together.
- Macros can be stored in the current document, in a user-
defined library, or shared globally.
- Naming macros descriptively and organizing them in
logical groups helps with readability and maintenance.

4. Macro as a Function
- A macro can be used as a custom function in Calc.
- Allows defining new functions beyond the built-in ones,
tailored to specific needs.
- To create a macro function, write it in LibreOffice Basic
and save it in a module.
- Functions created as macros can be called in Calc cells,
just like regular functions.
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Multiple choice questions

1. Macro Recordings can be enabled from the

________ option in the menu bar.
(a) Sheet
(b) Data
(c) Tools
(d) Window.
Ans: (c) Tools

2. Which of the following is an valid Macro Name?

(a) 1formatword
(b) format word
(c) format*word
(d) Format_word.
Ans: (d) Format_word.

3. Which of the following Libraries contains modules

with prerecorded macros and should not be
changed?
(a) My Macros
(b) LibreOfficeMacros
(c) Untitled1
(d) Test.
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Ans: (b) LibreOfficeMacros

4. Identify which of the following is a programming

Language?
(a) Calc
(b) BASIC
(c) Writer
(d) Macro.
Ans: (b) BASIC

5. The Module can be executed from the IDE by

pressing _________________.
(a) F3
(b) F4
(c) F5
(d) F6
Ans: (c) F5

5. Which of the following is the default name of the

Macro _______________.
(a) Default
(b) Main
(c) Macro1
(d) Main_Macro
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Ans: (b) Main

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Standard library is automatically loaded when the

document is opened.
2. IDE stands for Integrated Development
Environment.
3. Macro as a function is capable of accepting arguments
and returning a value .
4. Macro organizer allows us to add, delete a module.
5. The code of macro begins with sub followed by the
name of the macro and ends with end sub
6. By default a macro is saved in the my macros .

C. State whether the following statements are True

or False

1. Macro is a group of instructions executing a single

instruction. FALSE
2. Once created, Macro can be used any number of times.
TRUE
3. By default, the Macro recording feature is turned on.
FALSE
4. It is not possible to stop recording of a Macro. FALSE

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5. Every Macro should be given a unique name. TRUE
6. A macro once created can be edited later. TRUE

D. Answer the following questions

1. What is a Macro? List any two real life situations

where they can be used.
Ans: A Macro is a set of commands and instructions
grouped together to perform a specific task automatically.
It helps automate repetitive tasks, saving time and
reducing errors.
Real-life situations:
➢ Automating repetitive data entry tasks in
spreadsheets.
➢ Generating standardized reports from a database.

2. List the actions that are not recorded by a macro.

Ans: The actions that are not recorded by a macro
include:
1. Opening of windows
2. Actions carried out in another window than where the
recording was started.
3. Window switching
4. Actions that are not related to the spreadsheet
contents. For example, changes made in the Options
dialog, macro organizer, customizing.

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 5. Selections are recorded only if they are done by using
the keyboard (cursor traveling), but not when the
mouse is used.
6. The macro recorder works only in Calc and Writer.

3. How is LibreOffice Macros Library different from

my Macros?
Ans: LibreOffice Macros Library contains system-wide
macros provided by LibreOffice which should not be
altered by users. These macros are pre-recorded and are
essential for the proper functioning of LibreOffice.
My Macros is a user-specific library where users can
create, save, and edit their own macros without affecting
the system-wide macros.

4. Differentiate between predefined function in Calc

and Macros as a function.
Ans:
Predefined functions in Macros as a function
Calc:
These are built-in functions These are user-defined
provided by Calc for functions created by
performing common recording or writing scripts
calculations and tasks, like to automate specific tasks
SUM, AVERAGE, etc. that are not covered by
predefined functions.

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5. List the rules that should be kept in mind while
naming a macro.
Ans: The rules for naming a macro are:
1. The name should start with a letter.
2. The name should not contain spaces; underscores can
be used instead.
3. The name should not contain special characters like *,
&, %, etc.
4. The name should be unique within the library.

6. Give any one advantage of macros.

Ans: One advantage of macros is that they automate
repetitive tasks, which can significantly save time and
reduce the likelihood of human error.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet

(Advanced)
using LibreOffice Calc
Ch 6. Linking Spreadsheet Data

Important notes of Linking Spreadsheet Data

1. Linking Spreadsheet Data

- Allows connecting and sharing data between different
sheets or documents.
- Dynamic updates: When source data changes, linked
data updates automatically.
- Useful for consolidating data from multiple sources or
creating summary sheets.

2. Setting Up Multiple Sheets

- A workbook can contain multiple sheets, which can be
used to organize data logically (e.g., by month,
department).
- Sheets can be added, renamed, moved, copied, or
deleted to suit your needs.
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- Facilitates organizing complex data and creating more
structured reports.

3. Creating References to Other Sheets by Using

Keyboard and Mouse
- References to other sheets are created by selecting the
cell(s) you want to reference.
- Use the formula bar to type `=`, then switch to the
desired sheet and select the cell(s) to automatically insert
the reference.
- The reference format is: `SheetName.CellAddress` (e.g.,
`Sheet2.A1`).

4. Creating References to Other Documents by Using

Keyboard and Mouse
- Allows pulling data from different Calc documents.
- To reference another document, type
`=[DocumentPath]SheetName.CellAddress` in the formula
bar.
- Use the **Insert > Link to External Data** option to
create a dynamic link to data in another file.

5. Hyperlinks to the Sheet

- Hyperlinks can navigate to different parts of the same
sheet, other sheets, or external resources.

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- Insert a hyperlink using **Insert > Hyperlink** and
choose the target (e.g., specific sheet, cell, or URL).
- Helps in creating interactive documents and navigation
aids.

6. Relative and Absolute Hyperlinks

- **Relative Hyperlinks**: Links relative to the current
document’s location; useful when moving documents
within the same directory structure.
- **Absolute Hyperlinks**: Complete URLs or file paths
that do not change if the document is moved; used for
linking to fixed locations.
- Choose between relative and absolute hyperlinks based
on the document's purpose and usage.

7. Creating Hyperlinks
- Use **Insert > Hyperlink** to open the Hyperlink dialog
box.
- Specify the type (Document, Web, Mail) and enter the
link's destination and text.
- Hyperlinks can be formatted and styled like regular text.

8. Editing a Hyperlink
- Right-click on the hyperlink and choose **Edit
Hyperlink** to modify the link's properties.

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- Allows changing the link destination, text, or display
format.

9. Linking to External Data

- Import data from external sources like web pages,
databases, or other documents.
- Use **Insert > Link to External Data** to set up a
connection and define the data range to import.
- External data links can be refreshed to update the data as
it changes.

10. Linking to Registered Data Sources

- Registered data sources are databases or data sets that
are registered with LibreOffice.
- Use **View > Data Sources** to access and link to these
sources directly within Calc.
- Allows importing data from databases like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, or spreadsheets registered as data sources.

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A. Multiple choice questions

1. Insert Sheet dialog can be invoked from

_______________.
(a) sheet
(b) insert
(c) tools
(d) Windows
Ans: (a) sheet

2. ______________ refers to cell G5 of sheet named

My Sheet.
(a) $My Sheet.’G5’
(b) $My Sheet_’G5’
(c) $ ‘MySheet’.G5
(d) $ ‘MySheet’_G5
Ans: (c) $ ‘MySheet’.G5

3. The path of a file has ____________ forward

slashes.
(a) four
(b) three
(c) two
(d) one
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Ans: (b) three

4. Which of the following feature is used to jump to

a different spreadsheet from the current spreadsheet
in LibreOffice Calc?
(a) Macro
(b) Hyperlink
(c) connect
(d) Copy
Ans: (b) Hyperlink

B. Fill in the blanks

1. A relative hyperlink stores the location with respect to

the current location.
2. While inserting tables from a webpage HTML all
selects the entire HTML document.
3. The extension of LibreOffice base is .odb.
4. Single quotes (‘’) are used to enclose sheet names as
there might be a space within sheet names.
5. The From file option of insert sheet Dialog box allows
to insert sheet from another file.

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C. State whether the following statements are True
or False

1. A sheet can only be added before the current sheet.

FALSE
2. If ‘sales’ sheet has a reference to ‘cost’ sheet then any
changes made to ‘cost’ sheet will be reflected in the sales
sheet as well. TRUE
3. It is not possible to link a sheet as a reference in another
sheet. FALSE
4. We can insert data from a table created on a web page
into a spreadsheet. TRUE
5. A hyperlink once created on a sheet cannot be deleted.
FALSE

D. Answer the following questions

1. Name the two ways to link the sheets in a

LibreOffice Calc.
Ans: Using cell references between sheets (e.g., Sheet2.A1
in Sheet1)
Creating a hyperlink to jump to another sheet.

2. Differentiate between Relative and Absolute

Hyperlink.
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Ans: Relative Hyperlink: Stores the location relative to
the current document’s location.
Absolute Hyperlink: Stores the full path, independent of
the current document’s location.

3. Write steps to extract a table from a web page in a

spreadsheet.
Ans: Steps to extract a table from a web page in a
spreadsheet.:
➢ Open the webpage and select the table data.
➢ Copy the selected data.
➢ Open LibreOffice Calc and select the cell where you
want to paste the data.
➢ Paste the data into the spreadsheet.

4. Write steps to register a data source that is in

*.odb format.
Ans: Steps to register a data source that is in *.odb
format.:
➢ Open LibreOffice Calc.
➢ Go to Tools > Options.
➢ In the left pane, click on LibreOffice Base.
➢ Click on Databases and then New to register a new
database.
➢ Select the *.odb file and complete the registration
process.

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5. State advantages of extracting data from a web
page into spreadsheet.
Ans: Advantages of extracting data from a web page into
spreadsheet:
➢ Automates data entry and reduces manual input
errors.
➢ Enables quick analysis and manipulation of web data.
➢ Facilitates the easy updating of data when web
content changes.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 2: Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)

using LibreOffice Calc

Ch 7. Share and Review a Spreadsheet

Important notes of Share and review a spreadsheet

1. Sharing a Spreadsheet
- Enables multiple users to work on the same spreadsheet
simultaneously.
- Facilitates collaboration by allowing edits and updates
from different users.
- To share a spreadsheet, go to Tools > Share
Spreadsheet and enable the "Share this spreadsheet with
other users" option.
- Shared spreadsheets maintain a record of changes made
by different users.

2. Opening and Saving a Shared Spreadsheet

- Shared spreadsheets can be opened and saved like any
other file, but some features (e.g., deleting sheets or
inserting images) may be restricted.
- Users should regularly save their work to prevent data
loss and to ensure changes are available to others.

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- When saving, LibreOffice Calc may prompt users to
resolve conflicts if multiple users have made changes to
the same cells.

3. Recording Changes
- Tracks and logs all changes made to a shared
spreadsheet.
- Go to Edit > Track Changes > Record to enable
change tracking.
- Changes, including additions, deletions, and
modifications, are marked with different colors for easy
identification.
- Essential for reviewing and auditing changes made by
different users.

4. Add, Edit, and Format Comments

- Comments can be added to cells to provide context,
feedback, or instructions.
- To add a comment, right-click on a cell and select Insert
Comment.
- Comments can be edited, formatted, and removed as
needed.
- Useful for collaboration, reviewing changes, and
providing guidance within a shared document.

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5. Track Changes
- Allows tracking of all changes made to the spreadsheet,
including who made them and when.
- Changes are highlighted, and users can view details such
as the author, date, and time of modification.
- Helps in monitoring contributions and reviewing the
evolution of the document over time.

6. Reviewing Changes – View, Accept, or Reject

Changes
- Users can review tracked changes and decide whether to
accept or reject them.
- To review changes, go to Edit > Track Changes >
Manage to view the list of changes.
- Provides options to accept or reject changes individually
or in bulk.
- Ensures that only approved modifications are retained in
the final version of the spreadsheet.

7. Merging and Comparing

- Merging allows combining changes from multiple
versions of a spreadsheet.
- Use Edit > Track Changes > Merge Document to
merge changes from different users.
- Automatically identifies conflicts and provides options to
accept or reject changes.
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8. Comparing Documents
- Compares two versions of a spreadsheet to identify
differences.
- Use Edit > Track Changes > Compare Document to
open a dialog for selecting the document to compare.
- Highlights discrepancies between documents, such as
changes in data, formatting, or formulas.
- Helps in identifying and reconciling differences between
multiple versions of the same document.

A. Multiple choice questions

1. Sharing allows to edit the spreadsheet by

(a) single user
(b) different users simultaneously
(c) one by one users
(d) one after other users
Ans: (b) different users simultaneously

2. Sharing spreadsheet feature allows to save the

changes in
(a) multiple sheets
(b) user’s sheet
(c) in a same sheet
(d) in different sheet
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Ans: (a) multiple sheets /(c) in a same sheet

3. The Recording Changes feature of LibreOffice Calc

provides different ways to record the changes made
by ____________ in the spreadsheet.
(a) one user
(b) other user
(c) the user
(d) one or other users
Ans: (d) one or other users

4. In Calc, the comments are added

(a) automatically
(b) by author
(c) by reviewer
(d) all of above
Ans: (d) all of above

5. The changes by team members in the spreadsheet

can be accepted or rejected by
(a) the team members
(b) any of the user
(c) owner
(d) other users
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Ans: (c) owner

B. State whether the following statements are True

or False

1. Spreadsheet cannot be shared to work with more than

one user. FALSE
2. Some of the features becomes unavailable when the
spreadsheet is in shared mode. TRUE
3. You can record changes in the spreadsheet when the
spreadsheet is opened in shared mode. TRUE
4. File menu is used to Record changes for the
spreadsheet. FALSE
5. You can add a note or suggestion in the spreadsheet
using Insert Comment. TRUE
6. Formatting comment can be used to change the font
colour of the comment. TRUE

C. Fill in the blanks

1. The title bar of the document shows shared along with

the filename for the shared mode of the spreadsheet.
2. The shared mode spreadsheet allows many /
multiple users to access and edit the spreadsheet at the
same time.

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3. Recording changes automatically turn off / enables
the shared mode of a spreadsheet.
4. Click on Edit menu, Track Changes and then select
record to record the changes in the spreadsheet.
5. The border color of the changed cell will be
highlighted /red .
6. Insert Comment is used to add notes or suggestions
to a cell in a spreadsheet.
7. The comment box can be formatted just like formatting
the cell contents.

D. Answer the following questions

1. Define the terms

(a) Sharing Spreadsheet
Ans: Sharing a spreadsheet allows multiple users to
access, view, and edit the spreadsheet simultaneously. This
is useful for collaborative work.

(b) Record changes

Ans: Recording changes is a feature that tracks and logs all
the modifications made to a spreadsheet by any user. This
helps in reviewing and managing edits.

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2. Write the commands to perform
(a) Sharing Spreadsheet
Ans: To share a spreadsheet in LibreOffice Calc, go to
Tools > Share Document, then check the option to Share
this spreadsheet with other users.

(b) Record changes

Ans: To record changes, go to Edit > Track Changes >
Record.

3. Which menu is used to perform the functions

(a) Track Changes
Ans: The Edit menu is used to perform the Track Changes
function.

(b) Saving Spreadsheet

Ans: The File menu is used to save the spreadsheet.

4. What do you understand by reviewing the

changes in the spreadsheet?
Ans: Reviewing changes in a spreadsheet involves going
through the edits made by different users, accepting or
rejecting these changes, and ensuring that the final
document meets the required standards.

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5. Differentiate between Merging and Comparing
Spreadsheet.
Ans: Merging Spreadsheets: Merging involves
combining multiple spreadsheets into one, integrating the
data from different sources into a single document.
Comparing Spreadsheets: Comparing spreadsheets
involves examining two or more spreadsheets side by side
to identify differences or similarities between them, such
as changes in data or formatting.

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101 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 3: Database Management System using

LibreOffice Base
Chapter 8. Introduction to Database Management System

Important Notes of DBMS

- Data and Information

• Data: Raw, unprocessed facts and figures without
context (e.g., numbers, text, dates).
• Information: Processed data that is meaningful and
useful for decision-making (e.g., a report showing
sales trends).
Databases and DBMS
• Database: A structured collection of data stored
electronically.
• DBMS (Database Management System): Software
that manages databases and provides tools for data
entry, querying, and management (e.g., MySQL,
PostgreSQL).

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Advantages of Databases
• Data Integrity: Ensures accuracy and consistency of
data.
• Data Security: Controls access and protects data
from unauthorized access.
• Data Redundancy: Reduces duplication of data by
centralizing storage.
• Efficient Data Management: Facilitates easy data
retrieval and manipulation.
• Scalability: Can handle growing amounts of data.
Data Models
• Hierarchical Data Model
o Structure: Tree-like structure with parent-child
relationships.
o Use Case: Suitable for applications with a clear
hierarchical relationship (e.g., organizational
charts).
• Network Data Model
o Structure: Graph-like structure with multiple
parent and child relationships.
o Use Case: Useful for complex relationships
where data entities have multiple connections
(e.g., telecommunications networks).
• Relational Data Model
o Structure: Data is organized into tables
(relations) with rows and columns.
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 o Use Case: Most commonly used model, allows
for flexible queries and data manipulation.
Relational Database Model (RDBMS)
• RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
o Definition: A type of DBMS that uses a
relational model to manage data.
o Features: Supports SQL (Structured Query
Language), enforces data integrity through
constraints.
Terminology
• Fields: Columns in a table that represent attributes or
properties of data (e.g., name, date of birth).
• Records: Rows in a table representing individual
instances of data (e.g., one person's information).
• Tables: Collections of related fields and records that
form the basic structure of a relational database.
Prepare a Sample Table
• Example Table: Employees
o Fields: EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName,
Position, HireDate
o Sample Record: (1, John, Doe, Developer,
2024-01-15)
Different Types of Keys
• Primary Key: Unique identifier for a record in a table
(e.g., EmployeeID in the Employees table).

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 • Foreign Key: A field in one table that uniquely
identifies a row of another table, establishing
relationships between tables.
Objects of RDBMS
• Tables: Store data in rows and columns.
• Queries: Requests for data retrieval or manipulation
(e.g., SELECT statements).
• Forms: Interfaces for entering and editing data.
• Reports: Structured outputs of data analysis and
summary.
Identifying Data and Information
• Data:
o Definition: Raw facts or figures without context
or meaning.
o Example: EmployeeID = 101, Salary = 50000
o Characteristics: Unorganized and lacks context.
• Information:
o Definition: Processed or interpreted data that
provides meaning and context.
o Example: “The average salary of employees in
the IT department is $50,000.”
o Characteristics: Organized, relevant, and useful
for decision-making.
Identify Fields, Records, and Tables
• Fields:

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 o Definition: Individual columns in a table
representing a specific attribute.
o Example: FirstName, LastName, DateOfBirth.
• Records:
o Definition: Individual rows in a table, each
representing a single entity or instance.
o Example: (John, Doe, 1990-05-15)
• Tables:
o Definition: Collections of related fields and
records.
o Example: An Employees table with fields for
EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, etc.
Prepare a Sample Table
• Sample Table: Employees
EmployeeI FirstNam LastNam HireDat
Position
D e e e
Develope 2024-01-
1 John Doe
r 15
2023-06-
2 Jane Smith Manager
20
Identify Different Types of Data Models
• Hierarchical Data Model:
o Structure: Tree-like, parent-child relationships.
o Example: Organizational charts.
• Network Data Model:
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 o Structure: Graph-like with multiple parent-child
relationships.
o Example: Airline flight schedules.
• Relational Data Model:
o Structure: Data stored in tables with rows and
columns, related by keys.
o Example: Customer orders and product tables in
an e-commerce system.
Different Types of Keys
• Primary Key:
o Definition: A unique identifier for each record in
a table.
o Example: EmployeeID in the Employees table.
• Foreign Key:
o Definition: A field in one table that links to the
primary key of another table.
o Example: DepartmentID in the Employees table
linking to the Departments table.
• Composite Key:
o Definition: A key that consists of two or more
fields to uniquely identify a record.
o Example: OrderID and ProductID in an
OrderDetails table.
• Unique Key:

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 o Definition: Ensures that all values in a column
are unique, but can allow null values.
o Example: EmailAddress in a Users table.
Identify Different Objects of RDBMS
• Tables:
o Definition: Store structured data in rows and
columns.
o Example: Customers, Orders.
• Queries:
o Definition: Commands used to retrieve or
manipulate data.
o Example: SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE
Position = 'Developer';
• Forms:
o Definition: User interfaces for entering and
editing data.
o Example: Data entry forms for adding new
employees.
• Reports:
o Definition: Outputs of data analysis, formatted
for printing or viewing.
o Example: Monthly sales summary reports.
• Views:
o Definition: Virtual tables created by querying
data from one or more tables.

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 o Example: A view showing only active employees
from the Employees table.
• Indexes:
o Definition: Data structures that improve the
speed of data retrieval operations.
o Example: Index on EmployeeID to speed up
lookups.

A. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following can be considered as an

example of a database?
(a) Dictionary
(b) Telephone directory
(c) Marks Register
(d) Newspaper
Ans: (b) Telephone directory

2. Which of the following is NOT a DBMS?

(a) MS Access
(b) Open Office Base
(c) MS Excel
(d) MySQL
Ans: (c) MS Excel
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3. DBMS stands for ______________________.
(a) Data and Books Management System
(b) Database Management System
(c) Duplicate Books Management System
(d) Data Management Multi System
Ans: (b) Database Management System

4. Which of the following data models sets a relation

between the two or more tables?
(a) Relational Data Model
(b) Network Data Model
(c) Hierarchical Data Model
(d) Connection Data Model
Ans: (a) Relational Data Model

5. The details associated with an entity are called

____________.
(a) Table
(b) Attributes
(c) Records
(d) Primary key
Ans: (b) Attributes

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6. A __________ is represented as rows in a table.
(a) field
(b) attribute
(c) record
(d) candidate key
Ans: (c) record

7. In which of the following forms can a data value

be represented?
(a) Numeric
(b) Character
(c) Alphanumeric
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

8. Which of the following uniquely identifies a row

in a table?
(a) Primary key
(b) Alternate key
(c) Foreign key
(d) Candidate key
Ans: (a) Primary key

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9. A ___________is a feature of a database using
which we can enter data in a table in an easy and
user friendly manner.
(a) query
(b) report
(c) form
(d) field
Ans: (c) form

10. A _____________ is a question asked from a

database.
(a) query
(b) report
(c) form
(d) field
Ans: (a) query

B. State whether the following statements are True

or False

1. A database cannot be organised. FALSE

2. Data is the collection of raw facts. TRUE
3. A table can be created without a primary key. TRUE
4. Two tables can be related in a network data model.
TRUE
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5. MS Access is an example of a database. TRUE
C. Fill in the blanks

1. The raw facts constitutes data.

2. An entity is a real world object about which
information is to be stored in a database
3. The output of a query may be displayed in the form of
Report .
4. The data values for all the fields related to a person or
object is called a report .
5. All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key
are the candidate keys for that table

D. Answer the following questions

1. Define the terms

(a) Database
Ans: A collection of organized data that can be easily ccessed,
managed, and updated. It typically consists of one or more
tables that store related information.
(b) Data redundancy
Ans: The unnecessary duplication of data within a database,
which can lead to inconsistencies and increased storage
requirements.

(c) Report

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Ans: A formatted presentation of data retrieved from a
database, often used for printing or detailed analysis.

2. Give one point of difference between

(a) Data and Information
Ans: Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures, while
information is data that has been processed and organized to
provide meaning or context.

(b) Form and Query

Ans: A form is a user interface for entering data into a
database, whereas a query is a request for data retrieval based
on specific criteria.

(c) Network and hierarchical data model

Ans: The network data model represents data relationships
using a graph-like structure with multiple parent-child
relationships, while the hierarchical data model uses a tree-like
structure with a single parent for each child.

3. Give any four advantages of a DBMS.

Ans: Advantages of DBMS are
• Data Integrity: Ensures data accuracy and consistency
through constraints and validation rules.
• Data Security: Provides access controls to protect sensitive
data from unauthorized access.
• Efficient Data Management: Facilitates easy data retrieval,
updating, and management through structured query
languages.

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• Reduced Data Redundancy: Minimizes duplicate data
storage and maintenance by centralizing data in a single
repository.

4. Consider the table given below and answer the

questions that follow
Table: Library
Book_Id Book Name Author Price Publisher
Name
F001 Pride and Jane 550 ABC
Prejudice Austen
S004 Amazing E. Shane 1050 ABC
Astronomy
C005 IT and MHA 2500 HYM
Mankind Diwaan

(a) Name the fields in the given table.

Ans: Fields are :
- Book_Id
- Book Name
- Author Name
- Price
- Publisher

(b) Which field should be made the primary key?

Ans: Book_Id

(c) Is there any alternate key in the table?

Ans: No, since there is no field other than Book_Id that
uniquely identifies each row.

(d) How is primary key different from foreign key? Explain

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with example.
Ans: Primary Key: A unique identifier for a record in a table. It
ensures that each record can be uniquely identified. For
example, in the Library table, Book_Id is the primary key
because each book has a unique identifier.
Foreign Key: A field in one table that links to the primary key
of another table. It is used to establish and enforce a link
between the data in two tables. For example, in a Book_Loan
table, a Book_Id field might act as a foreign key linking to the
Book_Id in the Library table.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 3: Database Management System

using LibreOffice Base
Ch 9. Starting with LibreOffice Base

Important Notes of LibreOffice Base

Data Types
• Text: Stores alphanumeric characters (e.g., names,
addresses).
• Number: Stores numeric values (e.g., integers,
decimals).
• Date/Time: Stores dates and times (e.g., 2024-09-
11).
• Boolean: Stores true/false values.
• Currency: Stores monetary values with fixed decimal
places.
• Memo: Stores large text blocks (e.g., descriptions,
notes).
Starting with LibreOffice
• Installation: Download and install LibreOffice from
the official website.
• Launching: Open LibreOffice and select Base from
the available applications.
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 • Database Creation: You can start a new database or
open an existing one.
User Interface of LibreOffice Base
• Main Window: Includes a navigation pane, main
toolbar, and a workspace.
• Navigation Pane: Allows access to tables, queries,
forms, and reports.
• Toolbar: Contains buttons for common tasks like
saving, printing, and creating objects.
• Status Bar: Shows information about the current
status and actions.
Opening a Database
• Existing Database:
o Steps: Open LibreOffice Base, select Open
Existing Database, and navigate to the database
file.
• New Database:
o Steps: Open LibreOffice Base, select Create a
New Database, and follow the prompts to set up
a new database file.
Creating a Table
• Using a Wizard:
o Steps:
1. Select Tables in the navigation pane.
2. Click Create Table in Design View.

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 3. Follow the prompts in the wizard to define
fields and data types.
• Using Design View:
o Steps:
1. Select Tables in the navigation pane.
2. Click Create Table in Design View.
3. Manually enter field names, data types, and
other properties.
Setting Primary Key
• Definition: A field (or combination of fields) that
uniquely identifies each record in the table.
• Steps:
1. In Design View, select the field(s) to be the
primary key.
2. Right-click and choose Primary Key or use the
toolbar button to set the selected field as the
primary key.
3. Save the table.
Saving a Table
• Steps:
1. After defining fields and setting the primary key,
click Save.
2. Provide a name for the table and confirm.
3. The table is now saved and available in the
navigation pane.

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Using a Wizard
• Advantages: Simplifies table creation by guiding
users through a step-by-step process.
• Steps:
1. Start the table creation process using the wizard
option.
2. Follow the instructions to define fields, data
types, and relationships.
3. Finish the wizard to create and save the table.
Using Design View
• Advantages: Provides full control over table design,
including field properties and constraints.
• Steps:
1. Open Design View for table creation.
2. Manually define field names, data types, and set
primary keys.
3. Save changes to finalize table structure.
Entering Data into a Table
• Steps:
1. Open Table: Double-click the table in the
navigation pane to open it in Data View.
2. Input Data: Click into the cells of the table and
start typing to enter data.

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 3. Add New Records: Use the New Record button
(usually a blank sheet icon) to add additional
records.
4. Save: Click the Save button or use Ctrl + S to
save the changes.
Navigating Through the Table
• Arrow Keys: Use arrow keys to move between cells
and records.
• Record Navigation Buttons: Use navigation buttons
in the toolbar to move to the first, previous, next, or
last record.
• Scroll Bars: Use vertical and horizontal scroll bars to
view different parts of the table.
• Search Function: Use the search bar or Find feature
to locate specific records quickly.
Editing Data
• Direct Editing:
1. Select Cell: Click on the cell containing the data
you want to edit.
2. Modify Data: Type the new data directly into
the cell.
3. Save Changes: Press Enter or click outside the
cell to save the changes.
• Bulk Editing: Use Find and Replace to make multiple
changes across the table.
Deleting Records from a Table

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 • Single Record:
1. Select Record: Click the row selector (leftmost
column) for the record you wish to delete.
2. Delete: Click the Delete Record button (usually a
trash can icon) or press Delete on your keyboard.
3. Confirm: Confirm the deletion if prompted.
• Multiple Records:
1. Select Records: Hold down Ctrl or Shift and
click multiple row selectors to select several
records.
2. Delete: Click Delete Record and confirm.
Sorting Data in the Table
• Single Column Sort:
1. Open Table: Ensure the table is open in Data
View.
2. Select Column: Click on the column header you
want to sort by.
3. Sort: Click the Sort Ascending or Sort
Descending button in the toolbar.
• Multiple Column Sort:
1. Open Table: Ensure the table is open in Data
View.
2. Sort Dialog: Access the Sort dialog from the
toolbar or menu.
3. Define Sorting Criteria: Select primary and
secondary columns for sorting.
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 4. Apply Sorting: Click OK to apply sorting based
on defined criteria.
Start LibreOffice Base and Observe the Main
Window
• Launching LibreOffice Base:
1. Open LibreOffice Base from your applications
menu or desktop shortcut.
2. Choose to create a new database or open an
existing one.
• Main Window Components:
o Navigation Pane: Located on the left side,
provides access to tables, queries, forms, and
reports.
o Main Toolbar: Contains buttons for creating,
saving, and printing database objects.
o Workspace: Central area where you view and
interact with your tables, queries, forms, and
reports.
o Status Bar: Displays information about the
current view or actions.
Create a Sample Table Using Wizard
• Using the Wizard:
1. Open LibreOffice Base and select Tables from
the navigation pane.
2. Click on Create Table in Design View and then
choose Use Wizard to Create Table.

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 3. Follow the wizard steps:
▪ Step 1: Select a table type or category (e.g.,
Contacts, Products).
▪ Step 2: Choose fields from the list provided.
▪ Step 3: Define field properties and data
types.
▪ Step 4: Set a primary key and review your
selections.
▪ Step 5: Name your table and save it.
Create Different Tables from Available List
• Steps to Create Multiple Tables:
1. In the Tables section of the navigation pane,
select Create Table.
2. Choose Create Table in Design View.
3. Define the table structure by selecting fields from
the available list and specifying data types.
4. Repeat the process to create different tables with
varying fields and structures.
Assign Data Types and Set Primary Key
• Assign Data Types:
1. In Design View, for each field, select the data
type (e.g., Text, Number, Date).
2. Define field properties such as length, format,
and default values.
• Set Primary Key:

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 1. In Design View, select the field(s) that will act as
the primary key.
2. Right-click the field and select Primary Key or
use the toolbar button to designate it as the
primary key.
3. Save the table structure.
Edit the Table in Design View
• Editing Table Structure:
1. Open the table in Design View by selecting
Design View from the toolbar or navigation pane.
2. Modify field names, data types, or properties as
needed.
3. Add or remove fields by inserting or deleting
rows in the design grid.
4. Save changes to the table.
Enter Data in the Fields
• Steps to Enter Data:
1. Switch to Data View by double-clicking the table
in the navigation pane.
2. Click into each cell of the table and type the
desired data.
3. Use the New Record button to add additional
records.
4. Save the table regularly to ensure data is not lost.
Delete Records from Table

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 • Steps to Delete Records:
1. Open the table in Data View.
2. Select the row(s) of the record(s) you want to
delete.
3. Click the Delete Record button or press the
Delete key on your keyboard.
4. Confirm deletion if prompted.
Arrange Data in Ascending or Descending Order
• Sorting Data:
1. Open the table in Data View.
2. Click on the column header you want to sort by.
3. Click the Sort Ascending or Sort Descending
button in the toolbar.
4. The table will reorder the records based on the
selected column's data.

Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of text data

type?
(a) Memo
(b) Varchar
(c) Float
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(d) Char
Ans: (c) Float

2. A currency data type can only store monetary

data that is in dollars.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Neither a nor b
(d) Both a and b
Ans: (b) False

3. Which of the following data can a date data type

store?
(a) Date
(b) Time
(c) Both date and time
(d) Neither date nor time
Ans: (a) Date

4. Which of the following is true about LibreOffice

Base?
(a) It is a spreadsheet software
(b) It is free and open source software
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(c) It can store only character data
(d) It is a licensed software.
Ans: (b) It is free and open source software

5. Which of the following methods can be used to

create a table in Base?
(a) Using a table wizard
(b) Design View
(c) Both a and b
(d) Neither a nor b
Ans: (c) Both a and b

6. The related objects of a database can be seen in

____________ pane of the Base Database window.
(a) Database
(b) Task
(c) Title Bar
(d) Menu Bar
Ans: (a) Database

7. Which is the shortcut key to open an existing

database?
(a) Ctrl+ D
(b) Ctrl+O
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(c) Ctrl+E
(d) Ctrl+F
Ans: (b) Ctrl+O
8. The Design view of Table Creation window in
LibreOffice Base is divided into ______ sections or
panes.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Ans: (b) 3

9. While entering records in a table, we can move to

the next field by pressing the _________ key.
(a) Tab
(b) Ctrl
(c) Enter
(d) Shift
Ans: (a) Tab
10. Which of the following is true about primary key
of a table?
(a) Every table must have a primary key
(b) The data values in primary key field cannot be
duplicated.
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(c) A primary key field cannot be left blank
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
B. State whether the following statements are True
or False

1. The text data can contain special characters. TRUE

2. Memo data type can be used to store descriptive data.
TRUE
3. A Boolean data type can have two or more than two
values. FALSE
4. We cannot store audio data in LibreOffice Base. TRUE
5. The properties of a field change according to the data
type selected. TRUE
6. Field description may or may not be entered while
designing a table. TRUE
7. Ctrl + End is pressed to move to the last record. TRUE
8. Edit mode appears when the record is being edited.
TRUE

9. A table once created in a database cannot be edited.

FALSE
10. Sort dialog box can only help to sort data in
ascending order. FALSE

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C. Fill in the blanks

1. A data type refers to the type of data that will be stored

in that particular field.
2. The text data is a combination of letters, numbers
or special characters.
3. Varchar data type can be used to store Aadhar
number.
4. The Binary data type used to store digitized images.
5. The shortcut key to save a table is Ctrl + S.
6. Status Bar on the Base Interface Window displays
information about the type of view of the object in the
database.
7. A key icon appears before the field name indicating
that it is a primary key.
8. The data can be entered in a table only in datasheet
view.
9. The black pointing arrow just before the field name in a
table is called primary key.
10. The process of arranging the records in particular
order on any filed is called sorting .

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D. Answer the given questions

1. Differentiate between:
(a) Memo and Varchar data type
Ans: Memo: Used to store large amounts of text, such as
descriptions or notes. It can hold a significant number of
characters and is suitable for long text entries.
Varchar: Used to store variable-length strings. It is ideal
for fields where the length of the text varies but is typically
shorter than what would be stored in a Memo field.

(b) Number and Decimal data type

Ans: Number: Often used to store integer values or
numbers without decimal points. It can represent whole
numbers.
Decimal: Used to store numbers with decimal points. It is
ideal for precise calculations where fractional values are
necessary, such as financial data.
(d) Design View and Datasheet view of a table
Ans: Design View: Used for creating and modifying the
structure of a table. It allows you to define fields, data
types, and constraints, and set properties like primary
keys.
Datasheet View: Used for entering, viewing, and editing
data within the table. It provides a spreadsheet-like
interface where you can see the actual data and interact
with it.
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2. Name the menu items present on the Base User
Interface.
Ans: File
Edit
View
Insert
Format
Tools
Window
Help

3. Label the components – Title Bar, Database Pane,

Tasks Pane, Status Bar of the LibreOffice Base User
Interface.
Ans:

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Label the components – Title Bar, Database Pane, Tasks
Pane, Status Bar of the LibreOffice Base User Interface.
Title Bar: Located at the top of the window, displays the
name of the database or application.
Database Pane: Located on the left side, shows the
different database objects such as tables, queries, forms,
and reports.
Tasks Pane: Located on the right side, provides access to
various tasks and actions related to the database objects.
Status Bar: Located at the bottom of the window,
displays information about the current state or view of the
database object.

4. How can we define a primary key in a table?

Ans: To define a primary key in a table, go to the Design
View of the table, select the field you want to set as the
primary key, and then use the "Primary Key" button (often
represented with a key icon) to designate it as the primary
key. This ensures that the field uniquely identifies each
record and cannot have duplicate or null values.

5. Write steps to sort the table in descending order

of primary key.
Ans: Steps to sort the table in descending order of
primary key:
1) Open the table in Datasheet View.

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 2) Click on the column header of the primary key field to
select it.
3) Right-click on the selected column header to open the
context menu.
4) Choose "Sort Descending" from the menu options.
5) The table will now be sorted in descending order
based on the primary key values.

6. What is the use of navigation box with respect to

tables in a database?
Ans: The navigation box (or navigation controls) allows
users to move between different records in a table or form.
It provides buttons to navigate to the first, previous, next,
and last records, as well as to search for specific records.
This feature helps in efficiently browsing and managing
data within the database.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 3: Database Management System

using LibreOffice Base
Ch 10. Working with Multiple Tables

Important notes of Linking Spreadsheet Data

- Editing and Deleting Tables

• Editing Tables: This involves changing the structure
of a table, such as adding, modifying, or deleting
columns, and changing data types or constraints.
o Example: Using SQL commands like ALTER
TABLE to add a new column or change an
existing one.
• Deleting Tables: Removing a table from the
database permanently, including all its data.
o Example: Using the DROP TABLE command to
delete a table.
2. Relationships Between Tables
• Relationships between tables are a way to connect
and associate data across different tables in a
database.
• There are three main types of relationships:

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 o One-to-One: A record in one table is related to a
single record in another table.
▪ Example: A user and their unique profile.
o One-to-Many: A record in one table is related to
multiple records in another table.
▪ Example: A customer can have many
orders.
o Many-to-Many: Multiple records in one table
are related to multiple records in another table,
often resolved by creating a third table (junction
table).
▪ Example: Students and courses – a student
can enroll in many courses, and a course can
have many students.
3. Advantages of Relating Tables in a Database
• Data Integrity: Ensures that the data is accurate and
consistent across tables.
• Reduced Data Redundancy: Avoids duplication of
data by using unique identifiers (keys) to link records.
• Improved Query Performance: Facilitates more
efficient data retrieval through joins and relationships.
• Simplified Data Maintenance: Easier to update,
delete, and manage data due to structured
relationships.
4. Creating Relationships Between Tables

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 • To create relationships between tables, primary keys
(unique identifiers) and foreign keys (references to
primary keys in another table) are used.
o Example: To create a one-to-many relationship,
the primary key of one table is referenced as a
foreign key in another table.
o SQL Syntax:
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID int PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerID int,
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES
Customers(CustomerID)
);
5. Referential Integrity
• Referential Integrity: A concept that ensures the
relationships between tables remain consistent. It
means that foreign keys must match primary keys in
the related table.
o Example: If a customer is deleted from the
"Customers" table, all related orders in the
"Orders" table must also be deleted or
reassigned.
• Enforcement: Achieved using constraints like
FOREIGN KEY in SQL, or through the use of
database management system (DBMS) features.
Insert Data in the Table

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 • Insert Data: Adding new records or entries to a
table.
o SQL Syntax:
INSERT INTO TableName (Column1, Column2, ...)
VALUES (Value1, Value2, ...);
o Example: Adding a new customer to a
"Customers" table.
2. Edit Records in the Table
• Edit Records: Modifying existing data entries in a
table.
o SQL Syntax:
UPDATE TableName
SET Column1 = Value1, Column2 = Value2, ...
WHERE Condition;
o Example: Changing a customer's address in the
"Customers" table.
3. Delete Records from Table
• Delete Records: Removing specific records from a
table.
o SQL Syntax:
DELETE FROM TableName
WHERE Condition;
o Example: Deleting an order from the "Orders"
table based on its OrderID.
4. Sort Data in the Table
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 • Sort Data: Organizing the data in a table in
ascending or descending order.
o SQL Syntax:
SELECT * FROM TableName
ORDER BY Column1 ASC|DESC;
o Example: Sorting customers by their last name in
alphabetical order.
5. Create and Edit Relationships
• Create Relationships: Defining associations
between tables (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-
many) by using primary and foreign keys.
o Example: Creating a relationship between
"Customers" and "Orders" tables where one
customer can have multiple orders.
• Edit Relationships: Modifying or updating existing
relationships, like changing a foreign key reference or
updating cascade rules.
6. Enter Various Field Properties
• Field Properties: Define and configure various
characteristics of a field within a table.
o Examples of Field Properties:
▪ Data Type: Specifies the type of data a field
can hold (e.g., VARCHAR, INT, DATE).
▪ Default Value: Sets a default value for a
field if no value is provided.

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 ▪ Not Null Constraint: Ensures that a field
must have a value (cannot be null).
▪ Primary Key: Identifies a field as a unique
identifier for records in the table.
▪ Foreign Key: Establishes a link between the
field and a primary key in another table.
▪ Unique Constraint: Ensures all values in a
field are distinct across all records.
A. Multiple choice questions
1. Which of the following actions can be performed
once the tables are created in a database?
(a) Add a field in a table
(b) Rename a table
(c) Delete a table
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is checked by a DBMS?

(a) Redundancy
(b) Inconsistency
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)

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3. Which of the following is required to set a
relationship between the two tables?
(a) Both the tables must be in different databases
(b) Both the tables must have a common field
(c) Both the tables must have the same name
(d) Both tables must be stored in documents folder only.
Ans: (b) Both the tables must have a common field
4. If a record is added in a master table, which of
the following is NOT true for transaction table
(a) The record in the master table is called the master
record
(b) The corresponding record in transaction table can only
be entered once.
(c) The record in the transaction table is called the
transaction record.
(d) It is possible to add a record in the master table
Ans: (b) The corresponding record in transaction
table can only be entered once.

5. Which type of relationship exists between a

student and the subjects studied by him/her?
(a) One-to-one
(b) One-to-many
(c) Many-to-many
(d) All of the above
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Ans: (c) Many-to-many

6. Consider the following tables. Which type of

relationship can be established between the two
tables?

Table 1: Item Table 2: Item_Category

Item_Code Category_Code
Item_Name Cat_Name
Price Item_Code
Qty Cat_Disc
Category_Code

(a) One-to-one
(b) One-to-many
(c) Many-to-many
(d) None of the above
Ans: (b) One-to-many
7. Which of the following menus contains the
Relationship option?
(a) Edit
(b) File
(c) Tools
(d) View
Ans: (c) Tools
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8. The list of tables to be added is displayed in the
__________ dialog box in the Relationship Screen.
(a) Add Tables
(b) Add Databases
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(a) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (a) Add Tables

9. In the relationship design screen, the relationship

between the two tables is done using __________
operation.
(a) Click
(b) Double Click
(c) Drag and Drop
(d) Right click
Ans: (c) Drag and Drop

10. Which of the following is NOT an option that can

be used to maintain referential integrity in a
database?
(a) No Action
(b) Set NULL
(c) Set Default
(d) Set Value
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Ans: (d) Set Value
B. State whether the following statements are True
or False

1. Redundancy is preferred in a database. FALSE

2. In a table, a record for a particular entity should not
be repeated. TRUE
3. A single field should always have only one data value.
TRUE
4. If a table is edited, the records already entered in it
are deleted. FALSE
5. The record in master table should be entered before the
corresponding record is entered in the transaction table.
TRUE
6. In one-to-many relationship, one specific record of the
master table has more than one corresponding records in
the related transaction table. TRUE
7. The Relationship option is present in the Widows menu.
8. In a database, the referential integrity is maintained by
the user. FALSE
9. A relationship is always set between the tables based on
a common field. TRUE
10. If the master record is deleted, the transaction records
will always be deleted. FALSE

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C. Fill in the blanks

1. A table to be edited is displayed in design view.

2. The most important prerequisite for setting a
relationship between the two tables is that there must be a
Common field between them.
3. In one-to-one relationship, one specific record of a
master table has one and only one corresponding record
in the transaction table.
4. One-to -many is one of the most common types of
relationship between the tables in a database.
5. A record being entered in a transaction table must
always exist in a master table.
6. The principle of referential integrity helps prevent
missing data by keeping deleted data from getting out of
synch.
7. Creating relationship between tables restricts the user
from entering invalid da ta in the referenced fields.
8. Data integrity is maintained by referential integrity.
9. A relationship between customers and products is an
example of many-to-many relationship.
10. The relationships window is used to set relationships
between the tables.

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D. Answer the following questions

1. Give any two advantages of relating a table in a

database.
Ans: Advantages of relating a table in a database:
Reduced Data Redundancy: By relating tables, you
avoid duplicating data across the database. For example,
customer information is stored in one table, and orders are
stored in another, with relationships linking the two.
Improved Data Integrity: Relationships enforce data
accuracy and consistency. For instance, ensuring that
every order is linked to an existing customer prevents
orphan records.

2. How is redundancy or inconsistency controlled in

a database? Explain with an example.
Ans: Redundancy and inconsistency are controlled through
normalization and referential integrity. Normalization
involves organizing tables to reduce duplicate data. For
example, instead of storing customer information in every
order record, it is stored in a separate "Customers" table.
Referential integrity ensures that relationships between
tables are consistent, such as making sure that every order
record links to a valid customer record.

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3. Define referential integrity. Who maintains
referential integrity in a database?
Ans: Referential Integrity is a database constraint that
ensures that relationships between tables remain
consistent. Specifically, it requires that a foreign key value
in one table must match a primary key value in another
table or be null.
Referential integrity is maintained by the Database
Management System (DBMS). The DBMS enforces these
rules to prevent invalid data entry and ensure consistency.

4. Differentiate between one to one relationship and

one to many relationship. Give suitable examples to
explain your answer.
Ans: One-to-One Relationship: In this relationship, each
record in Table A corresponds to exactly one record in
Table B and vice versa. For example, each person may
have only one passport, and each passport is assigned to
only one person.
One-to-Many Relationship: In this relationship, a record
in Table A can relate to multiple records in Table B, but
each record in Table B relates to only one record in Table
A. For example, one customer (in the "Customers" table)
can place many orders (in the "Orders" table), but each
order is placed by only one customer.

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5. Explain many to many relationship with an
example.

Ans: A many-to-many relationship occurs when multiple

records in Table A are related to multiple records in Table
B. For example, consider a database with a "Students"
table and a "Courses" table. A student can enroll in many
courses, and each course can have many students
enrolled. To manage this, a junction table (e.g.,
"Student_Courses") is used to link the two tables,
capturing the many-to-many relationship.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 3: Database Management System

using LibreOffice Base
Ch 11. Queries in Base

Important notes of Queries in Base

1. Queries
• Queries: Tools used to retrieve, manipulate, and
analyze data stored in a database. They allow you to
extract specific data from one or more tables based
on certain conditions.
o Types of Queries:
▪ Select Query: Retrieves data from one or
more tables.
▪ Update Query: Modifies data in the table.
▪ Delete Query: Removes data from the
table.
▪ Insert Query: Adds new data to the table.
▪ Aggregate Query: Performs calculations on
multiple rows and returns a single value
(e.g., SUM, AVG).
2. Query Creation Using Wizard
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 • Query Wizard: A tool provided by many database
management systems (like Microsoft Access) that
helps users create queries step-by-step without
requiring knowledge of SQL.
o Steps:
1. Select the tables or queries you want to base
your query on.
2. Choose the fields you want to include in
your query.
3. Apply conditions or criteria for filtering data.
4. Specify sorting order or grouping options if
needed.
5. Complete the wizard, and it generates the
query automatically.
3. Creation of Query Using Design View
• Design View: An interface that allows users to build
queries visually by adding tables, selecting fields, and
specifying criteria.
o Steps:
1. Open the Query Design View in your
database management system.
2. Add the tables or queries you want to
include.
3. Drag and drop fields from tables to the
query grid.

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 4. Enter criteria to filter the data (e.g., > 100,
LIKE 'A%').
5. Specify the sort order (ascending or
descending) for any field.
6. Save and run the query to see the results.
4. Editing a Query
• Editing a Query: Modifying an existing query to
change its structure, criteria, or output.
o Ways to Edit a Query:
▪ Use the design view to change fields,
criteria, sorting, and grouping.
▪ Use the SQL view to directly modify the
SQL code.
▪ Use the query wizard to make adjustments
step-by-step.
o Example: Updating a query to include an
additional field or changing a condition to filter
different data.
5. Working with Numerical Data
• Working with Numerical Data: Performing
operations, calculations, or manipulations specifically
on numerical fields in a database.
o Common Operations:
▪ Mathematical Operations: Using +, -, *, /
in SQL queries to perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

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 ▪ Aggregate Functions: Applying functions
like SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX() to
numerical data for aggregation.
▪ Filtering: Using comparison operators like
=, <, >, <=, >= to filter numerical data
based on specific criteria.
▪ Sorting: Arranging numerical data in
ascending or descending order using
ORDER BY clause.
1. Prepare a Query for Given Criteria
To create a query based on specific criteria, use the
SELECT statement in SQL. The query should specify the
tables and fields involved, as well as the conditions or
filters to apply.
• Example Task: Retrieve all customers from the
"Customers" table who are from "New York" and have
placed more than three orders.
SQL Query:
SELECT Customers.CustomerName,
COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS TotalOrders
FROM Customers
INNER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID =
Orders.CustomerID
WHERE Customers.City = 'New York'
GROUP BY Customers.CustomerName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 3;

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2. Create a Query Using Wizard and Design View
Using Query Wizard:
1. Open Query Wizard in your database tool (like
Microsoft Access).
2. Select Tables and Fields: Choose the table(s) and
fields you want to include in your query.
3. Set Criteria: Add criteria, such as filtering customers
based on city or the number of orders.
4. Choose Sort Order: Specify if you want the data
sorted (e.g., ascending or descending by a specific
field).
5. Finish the Wizard: Review the query summary and
click "Finish" to create the query.
Using Design View:
1. Open Design View: Go to the "Create" tab and
select "Query Design".
2. Add Tables: Add the relevant tables (e.g.,
"Customers" and "Orders").
3. Select Fields: Drag fields like CustomerName and
OrderID into the query grid.
4. Set Criteria: Under the criteria row, enter conditions
(e.g., City = 'New York' and OrderID > 3).
5. Run the Query: Click "Run" to execute the query
and see the results.

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3. Edit a Query
• Modifying a Query involves changing its structure,
adding or removing fields, or adjusting the criteria.
Steps to Edit a Query:
1. Open the Query in Design View: Right-click
on the query and choose "Design View".
2. Modify Fields or Criteria: Make changes to the
fields or criteria. For example, add a new field or
update a condition.
3. Save and Run: Save the changes and run the
query again to see the updated results.
4. Apply Various Criteria in a Query
• Applying different criteria allows for more refined data
retrieval. Here are examples:
o Single Field Criteria:
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price > 100;
o Multiple Field Criteria:
SELECT * FROM Orders
WHERE OrderDate >= '2023-01-01' AND CustomerID =
5;
o Wildcard Search:
SELECT * FROM Customers

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WHERE CustomerName LIKE 'J%'; -- Finds all customers
whose names start with 'J'
5. Perform Calculations Using Query in Base
To execute calculations directly in a query, use SQL
arithmetic operations or aggregate functions:
• Example: Calculate Total Sales for Each Product
SELECT ProductID, SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice) AS
TotalSales
FROM OrderDetails
GROUP BY ProductID;
• Example: Calculate Average Order Amount for
Each Customer
SELECT CustomerID, AVG(TotalAmount) AS
AverageOrderAmount
FROM Orders
GROUP BY CustomerID;

A. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is refer to asking questions

from the database?
(a) Report
(b) Table
(c) Query
(d) Database
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Ans: (c) Query

2. Which of the following are the ways to design a

query?
(a) Wizard
(b) Design View
(c) SQL
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

3. Which is a flexible way to create a query?

(a) Wizard
(b) Design View
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (b) Design View

4. Into how many parts is the query design window

divided?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Ans: (b) Two
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5. Which of the following is NOT true about queries?
(a) It can be created using multiple tables
(b) Multiple queries can be created in a database
(c) A query can run multiple times
(d) A query once created cannot be edited
Ans: (d) A query once created cannot be edited

6. Which of the following is the shortcut key to run

the query?
(a) F3
(b) F4
(c) F5
(d) F6
Ans: (c) F5

7. Which of the following functions can be

performed on numerical data while designing a
query?
(a) Sum
(b) Minimum
(c) Maximum
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
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8. In a Query Design wizard, which of the following
buttons is clicked to move a field from ‘Available
fields’ list box to ‘Fields in the query‘ list box?
(a) >
(b) < 9
(c) ∨
(d) ∧
Ans: (a) >

9. Which of the following relational operators can be

applied to set the criterion while designing a query
in LibreOffice Base?
(a) >
(b) =
(c) !=
(d) Add Form
Ans: (a) >, (b) =, (c) !=

10. Which of the following dialog box is present

when the Query Design window is opened for the
first time to design a query?
(a) Add Table
(b) Add Query
(c) Add Table or Query
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(d) None of the above
Ans: (a) Add Table

11. Which of the following step is not performed if

there is no numerical data to be worked upon in a
query?
(a) Selection of fields
(b) Giving Aliases
(c) Summarizing
(d) Selection of tables
Ans: (c) Summarizing

B. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. You can run a query only once FALSE

2. A query cannot be created from multiple tables FALSE
3. The shortcut key to run a query is F5. TRUE
4. LibreOffice Base provides us with two ways to create a
query. TRUE
5. A query with numerical data cannot be saved. FALSE
6. By default the query result is not sorted. TRUE
7. A query can be used to display the average value of a
numerical field. TRUE
8. While designing a query, the criterion can be set on only
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one field. FALSE
9. Alias is an alternative name for a field in a query. TRUE
10. In query Design window, the visible check box is
selected by default. TRUE
11. A query once created using a wizard can only be
edited in the Design view. TRUE

C. Fill in the blanks

1. A query is a sort of question asked from a database.

2. The result of the query is displayed in tabular form
with field names in columns
3. A query can be created in three ways.
4. The Query Design window is divided into two sections.
5. The shortcut key to run the query is F5 .
6. The conditions to filter the records are set in the
criteria row.
7. When a table is selected in a Query wizard, the
corresponding fields are displayed in the available fields
list box.
8. The result of the query can be displayed in ascending
or descending order of any particular field of the table.
9. At the most ten search conditions can be given in the
query wizard.

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 10. The last step of the Query wizard displays the entire
Summary of the query.
11. The design view is a more flexible method to create a
query.
12. To edit any query, right click on the query icon of the
query that has to be edited.
13. In the Alias row of the Query Design grid, we can
type the column heading that will be displayed instead of
field name when we run the query.

D. Answer the given questions

1. Define a query? What is the need of creating a
query in a database?
Ans: A query is a request for data or information from a
database table or combination of tables. Queries are used
to retrieve specific data by applying filters, conditions, or
criteria, enabling users to answer questions and make
decisions based on the data.

2. Rearrange the steps given below so as to create a

query using a wizard.
• Give Alias
• Select the fields
• Set the criterion
• Set the sorting order
• Give table name
Ans: To create a query using a wizard.
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 1. Give table name
2. Select the fields
3. Set the criterion
4. Set the sorting order
5. Give Alias

3. What all information is seen in the overview (last

step) of the Query wizard?
Ans: The overview or summary step of the Query wizard
shows the selected tables, chosen fields, applied criteria,
sorting order, and aliases. It provides a complete summary
of how the query is structured before it is run.

4. What is the use of Alias row in the Design grid of

the Query Design window?
Ans: The Alias row allows users to provide an alternative
name for a field in the query results. This can make the
output more readable or understandable by providing
meaningful names instead of the default field names.

5. Name any four mathematical functions that can

be applied to numerical data in a query.
Ans: Sum, Average (AVG), Minimum (MIN), Maximum
(MAX).

6. Name the three ways of creating a query in

LibreOffice Base?
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Ans: Using the Query Wizard
Using the Design View
Writing SQL directly

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 3: Database Management System

using LibreOffice Base
Ch 12. Forms and Reports

Important notes of Forms and Report

Forms in Base
• Forms: User-friendly interfaces in LibreOffice Base
used to interact with data in tables.
• Purpose: Used for entering, modifying, and viewing
records in a database.
• Advantages:
o Simplifies data entry and editing.
o Provides a more controlled and customized way
to interact with the database.
o Helps in applying validations, rules, and formats
to the data input process.
• Types:
o Single-record forms (display one record at a
time).
o Multiple-record forms (display several records at
once in a table-like format).
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2. Creating a Form Using Wizard
• Form Wizard: A step-by-step tool in LibreOffice
Base that simplifies form creation.
o Steps:
1. Select Table or Query: Choose the table
or query the form will be based on.
2. Select Fields: Pick the fields you want to
include in the form.
3. Set Sub form: Optionally, include a sub
form to show related data.
4. Arrange Controls: Select a layout for the
form fields (columnar, tabular, etc.).
5. Set Data Entry Options: Choose options
like adding or editing records.
6. Apply Styles and Finish: Apply formatting
styles and name the form.
3. Modifying a Form
• Modify Form Elements: Change the layout, format,
or fields in an existing form.
o Steps:
1. Open Form in Design View: Right-click
on the form and select "Edit".
2. Edit Form Controls: Adjust or add form
controls (text boxes, buttons, etc.).

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 3. Change Properties: Modify properties like
size, font, color, and alignment of form
controls.
4. Add New Controls: Insert new controls or
fields from the toolbox.
5. Save and Test: Save changes and test the
form for functionality.
4. Form Controls Toolbar
• Form Controls Toolbar: A set of tools in Base to
add and manage different form elements.
o Common Controls:
▪ Text Box: For entering or displaying text.
▪ Label: To provide captions or instructions.
▪ Button: For actions like submitting data or
navigating records.
▪ List Box/Combo Box: Allows users to
select from predefined options.
▪ Checkbox: For true/false or yes/no data.
▪ Radio Button: For selecting one option
from multiple choices.
5. Report in Base
• Reports: Used to format, summarize, and present
data from the database in a structured way.
• Purpose: Generate print-ready output for data
analysis, presentation, and distribution.

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 • Report Wizard: Helps to create reports by selecting
the table or query, defining grouping and sorting,
choosing a layout, and applying styles.

6. Inserting Other Controls in Report

• Adding Controls:
o Text Fields: To display dynamic data from a
table or query.
o Labels: For static text, such as headers or
descriptions.
o Images: To add logos or visual elements.
o Shapes: For graphical elements like lines or
rectangles.
o Sub reports: To include data from another
report within the main report.
7. Inserting Titles & Headings
• Purpose: Enhances readability and structure of
reports.
o Steps:
1. Open Report in Design View: Right-click
and choose "Edit".
2. Use Label Control: Add titles and headings
by dragging the "Label" control from the
toolbar.
3. Customize Text: Set font, size, color, and
alignment to match the desired style.
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8. Inserting Date & Time
• Purpose: To display the current date and time or the
date of the report generation.
o Steps:
1. Open Report in Design View.
2. Insert Date/Time Field: Use the
"Date/Time" control from the toolbar.
3. Customize Format: Adjust the display format
(e.g., DD/MM/YYYY, HH:MM:SS).
4. Position Appropriately: Place the date and
time at the top or bottom of the report as
needed.
1. Create a Form Using Form Wizard
• Form Wizard: A step-by-step tool to create forms
easily in LibreOffice Base.
o Steps to Create a Form:
1. Open Form Wizard: Go to Forms in the
database window and select Use Wizard to
Create Form.
2. Select Table or Query: Choose the table
or query from which the form will draw data.
3. Select Fields: Pick the fields you want to
display in the form.
4. Arrange Controls: Choose the layout style
(Columnar, Tabular, etc.).

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 5. Set Sub forms: Optionally, add a sub form
to show related data.
6. Apply Styles: Choose font styles, colors,
and themes.
7. Finish: Name the form and save it.

2. Enter or Remove Data from Forms

• Entering Data:
o Open the form in "Form View".
o Navigate through records using navigation
buttons.
o Enter new data into the fields or modify existing
data.
o Save changes automatically by moving to another
record or clicking "Save".
• Removing Data:
o Select the record you want to delete.
o Click the "Delete" button or use the "Delete
Record" option from the toolbar.
o Confirm deletion if prompted.
3. Modify Forms
• Steps to Modify a Form:
1. Open in Design View: Right-click on the form
and select "Edit".
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 2. Adjust Fields and Controls: Add, delete, or
rearrange form fields and controls (like text
boxes, buttons).
3. Change Properties: Modify control properties
(size, font, color, alignment).
4. Add New Elements: Insert new controls like
checkboxes, radio buttons, combo boxes from the
toolbar.
5. Save Changes: Save the modified form.

4. Change Label and Background

• Modify Label Text:
o Open the form in "Design View".
o Select the label you want to modify.
o Change the text directly or through the
"Properties" window.
• Change Background:
o Right-click on the form area and select "Form
Properties".
o Go to the "Background" section and select the
desired color or image.
o Apply changes and save the form.
5. Search Records Using a Form
• Searching Records:
o Open the form in "Form View".

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 o Use the search box or the "Find" option to enter
search criteria.
o Navigate through matching records using the
search navigation buttons.
o Filters can also be applied to show only the
records that meet specific criteria.
6. Insert and Delete Records Using Form View
• Insert Records:
o Open the form in "Form View".
o Click the "New Record" button on the navigation
bar.
o Enter the new data in the appropriate fields.
o Move to another record or click "Save" to save
the new entry.
• Delete Records:
o Select the record to be deleted.
o Click the "Delete Record" button or use the
"Delete" option from the toolbar.
o Confirm the deletion action if prompted.
7. Create a Report Using Report Wizard
• Report Wizard: Helps in creating structured reports
easily.
o Steps to Create a Report:

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 1. Open Report Wizard: Go to Reports in the
database window and select Use Wizard to
Create Report.
2. Select Table or Query: Choose the data
source (table or query).
3. Choose Fields: Select the fields to display in
the report.
4. Set Grouping and Sorting: Define how data
should be grouped and sorted.
5. Choose Layout: Select the layout and format
for the report.
6. Apply Styles: Choose a style for the report,
including fonts and colors.
7. Finish: Name and save the report.
8. Demonstrate Various Report Examples
• Examples of Reports:
o Summary Report: Displays summarized data,
like total sales by category.
o Detail Report: Shows all records in detail, such
as a customer contact list.
o Grouped Report: Groups data by a specific
field, like employees by department.
o Calculated Report: Includes calculated fields,
like average sales per month.

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A. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following toolbars contains the

Label tool?
(a) Standard Toolbar
(b) Forms Controls Toolbar
(c) Records toolbar
(d) Formatting toolbar
Ans: (b) Forms Controls Toolbar

2. The Record toolbar has the buttons to move to the

(a) first record
(b) second record
(c) last record
(d) all records
Ans: (d) all records

3. Which of the following is NOT true about forms?

(a) It is the front end for data entry
(b) It can contain only text fields
(c) Graphics can be inserted on the form
(d) It can contain only fixed number of records
Ans: (b) It can contain only text fields

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4. Which of the following keys is pressed to select
only textbox on the form?
(a) Alt
(b) Shift
(c) Ctrl
(d) Tab
Ans: (c) Ctrl

5. Which of the following properties in the

Properties: Label Field text box is used to insert a
tool-tip on the form?
(a) Tool Text
(b) Help Text
(c) Tool Tip
(d) Help Tip
Ans: (c) Tool Tip

6. Which of the following objects of LibreOffice Base

is used to display data retrieved from one or more
tables in a presentable manner?
(a) Query
(b) Form
(c) Report

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(d) Panel
Ans: (c) Report

7. Which of the following values of Date Format

property is selected to view a calendar on the form?
(a) Standard (short)
(b) Standard (long)
(c) Default
(d) Standard (Medium)
Ans: (a) Standard (short)

8. Which of the following commands on the Forms

Control toolbar is used to toggle between Design
View and Form view?
(a) Design Mode
(b) Toggle Mode
(c) View Mode
(d) Print mode
Ans: (a) Design Mode

9. Using which of the following objects in a

database, can a report be generated?
(a) Tables
(b) Queries
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(c) Both a and b
(d) Neither a nor b
Ans: (c) Both a and b

10. Which of the following components open along

with the Report Wizard?
(a) Report Builder
(b) Add Fields dialog box
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (a) Report Builder

B. State whether the following statements are True

or False

1. Report is an object of a database but form is not. FALSE

2. We can choose the layout of the form. TRUE
3. We have to add all fields of the table on the form.
FALSE
4. There are two ways n which a form can be created.
TRUE
5. A report is generated in a separate window. TRUE
6. Once a control is added on to the form, it cannot be
repositioned. FALSE

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7. The Record toolbar has the button to add a new record.
TRUE
8. We can create a report only using a table. FALSE
9. By default, the records in a report are sorted in
descending
order. FALSE
10. We can group data based on a particular field in a
report. TRUE
11. A report can have data only in row and column format.
FALSE
12. We can insert both date and time of generation of
report. TRUE
13. A report once created cannot be edited. FALSE
C. Fill in the blanks

1. A form can be used for data entry and data

modification.
2. Each field control consists of a label and field value
text box.
3. A Field label is a piece of text that specifies the data
that should be entered in the field value text box.
4. By default the border of the field text value is displayed
in
Grey .
5. A tool tip is a small piece of text that is displayed

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when the mouse pointer is placed on a particular control
on the form.
6. The default orientation option for a report is portrait .
7. A layout is the manner in which the labels, field
values, titles etc. will be displayed in the report.
8. The option to insert date and time in the report is
present
in insert menu.
9. A Report Wizard contains six steps.
10. A dynamic type of report changes automatically as
the field values in the base table or query change.

D. Answer the following questions

1. Give one difference between a form and a report.

Ans: A form is used for data entry and modification,
allowing users to input, edit, and view data in a user-
friendly manner.
A report is used to present and print data in a formatted
and structured way for analysis or sharing.

2. What is a field control with respect to forms?

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Ans: A field control is an element (like a text box, combo
box, or checkbox) on a form that is used to display or input
data for a particular field in a table.

3. Which tool on the Forms Record toolbar is used to

insert text on the form?
Ans: Tool on the Forms Record toolbar used to insert text
on the form:
• The Label tool on the Forms Control toolbar is used
to insert text labels on the form.

4. Name the two ways to create a form in LibreOffice

Base.
Ans: Two ways to create a form in LibreOffice Base:
• Using Form Wizard and Using Design View.

5. What is the difference between a static and a

dynamic
report?
Ans: Difference between a static and a dynamic report:
• A static report does not change when the underlying
data changes; it reflects the data as of the time it was
created.
• A dynamic report updates automatically when the
data in the underlying table or query changes.

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6. Write the function of Forms Controls toolbar and
Records toolbar.
Ans: Function of Forms Controls toolbar and Records
toolbar:
• The Forms Controls toolbar is used to add, modify,
and manage controls (like text boxes, buttons, and
labels) on a form.
• The Records toolbar is used to navigate through
records, add new records, delete records, and update
data within the form.

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Mind Map

Unit 3: Database Management System Chapter

8: Introduction to Database Management System
o Learning Outcomes:
▪ Understand data and information concepts.
▪ Learn advantages of databases and various
data models.
▪ Know key terminology and objects of
relational database systems.
o Theory:
▪ Data and Information
▪ Databases and DBMS
▪ Advantages of databases
▪ Data Models:
▪ Hierarchical Data Model
▪ Network Data Model
▪ Relational Data Model
▪ Relational Database Model (RDBMS)
▪ Terminology and Objects of an RDBMS
o Practical:
▪ Identify data and information in a database
context.

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 ▪ Recognize and describe fields, records, and
tables.
▪ Create a sample table with standard fields.
▪ Identify and describe various data models.
▪ Explain different types of keys: primary and
foreign.
▪ Identify objects of RDBMS: tables, queries,
forms.
• Chapter 9: Starting with LibreOffice Base
o Learning Outcomes:
▪ Navigate LibreOffice Base.
▪ Manage data types, create and save tables.
▪ Set primary keys, and perform data entry,
editing, sorting, and deletion.
o Theory:
▪ Introduction to LibreOffice Base
▪ Data Types
▪ User Interface of LibreOffice Base
▪ Opening and Creating a Database
▪ Creating a Table:
▪ Using Wizard
▪ Using Design View
▪ Setting Primary Key and Saving a Table

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 o Practical:
▪ Start LibreOffice Base and observe the main
window.
▪ Create a sample table using the Wizard.
▪ Practice creating tables by selecting fields.
▪ Assign data types and set a primary key.
▪ Edit the table structure in design view.
▪ Enter data in fields, delete records, and sort
data.
• Chapter 10: Working with Multiple Tables
o Learning Outcomes:
▪ Develop skills in editing, deleting tables,
managing relationships, and ensuring
referential integrity.
o Theory:
▪ Editing and Deleting Tables
▪ Relationships between Tables:
▪ Types: One-to-One, One-to-Many,
Many-to-Many
▪ Advantages of Relating Tables
▪ Creating Relationships
▪ Referential Integrity
o Practical:

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 ▪ Insert, edit, and delete records in tables.
▪ Sort data in ascending or descending order.
▪ Create and modify relationships between
tables.
▪ Enter various field properties.
• Chapter 11: Queries in LibreOffice Base
o Learning Outcomes:
▪ Acquire skills in creating and editing queries.
o Theory:
▪ Introduction to Queries
▪ Query Creation:
▪ Using Wizard
▪ Using Design View
▪ Editing a Query
▪ Working with Numerical Data
o Practical:
▪ Create a query based on specified criteria.
▪ Generate queries using both the wizard and
design view.
▪ Edit and apply various criteria in a query.
▪ Perform calculations within queries.
• Chapter 12: Forms and Reports
o Learning Outcomes:

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 ▪ Able to create and modify forms and
reports.
▪ Use the Form Controls Toolbar and insert
elements.

o Theory:
▪ Introduction to Forms in Base
▪ Creating and Modifying Forms
▪ Form Controls Toolbar
▪ Reports in Base
▪ Inserting Controls, Titles, Headings, and
Date/Time
o Practical:
▪ Create a form using the Form Wizard.
▪ Input and remove data using forms.
▪ Customize forms: change labels,
background, and search records.
▪ Create a report using the Report Wizard and
demonstrate various examples.

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187 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar
 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 4: Maintain Healthy,

Safe and Secure Working Environment

Chapter 13. Health, Safety and Security at Workplace

Important Notes of Health, Safety and Security at

Workplace
-
Health, Safety, and Security at the Workplace
Ensuring a safe and secure workplace is essential for the
well-being of employees and the overall productivity of an
organization. This document outlines key aspects of
workplace health, safety, and security, including relevant
policies, definitions, reasons for implementing these
programs, types of hazards, hazard control measures, and
safety guidelines.

1. Definitions
• Health: Refers to the physical and mental well-being
of employees. It encompasses the absence of illness
or injury and the presence of conditions that allow
employees to perform their duties effectively.

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 • Safety: Involves protecting employees from
accidents, injuries, and other physical harms in the
workplace through preventive measures and
protocols.
• Security: Pertains to safeguarding the workplace
from intentional threats such as theft, violence, and
unauthorized access, as well as ensuring the
protection of company assets and information.

2. Reasons for Health, Safety, and Security Programs

or Policies in the Workplace
• Legal Compliance: Adhering to local, state, and
federal regulations to avoid legal penalties and fines.
• Employee Well-being: Promoting a healthy and safe
environment to enhance employee morale, reduce
absenteeism, and increase job satisfaction.
• Productivity: Minimizing workplace accidents and
illnesses leads to fewer disruptions and higher overall
productivity.
• Reputation Management: Demonstrating a
commitment to safety and security can enhance the
organization's reputation among clients, partners, and
potential employees.
• Financial Benefits: Reducing accidents and
incidents can lower costs related to workers'
compensation, insurance premiums, and medical
expenses.

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 • Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating
potential hazards helps prevent incidents that could
result in significant losses or disruptions.

3. Workplace Safety Hazards

a. Physical Hazards
• Slips, Trips, and Falls: Wet floors, cluttered
walkways, uneven surfaces.
• Noise: High decibel levels causing hearing
impairment.
• Temperature Extremes: Excessive heat or cold
affecting employee comfort and safety.
• Radiation: Exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing
radiation in certain industries.
• Vibration: Prolonged exposure leading to
musculoskeletal issues.
b. Chemical Hazards
• Toxic Substances: Exposure to harmful chemicals
like solvents, pesticides, and asbestos.
• Flammable Materials: Increased risk of fires and
explosions.
c. Biological Hazards
• Infectious Agents: Bacteria, viruses, and other
pathogens.
• Mold and Fungi: Causing respiratory issues and
allergic reactions.
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d. Ergonomic Hazards
• Poor Posture: Leading to musculoskeletal disorders.
• Repetitive Movements: Causing strain and injury.
e. Psychosocial Hazards
• Stress: Resulting from high workloads, tight
deadlines, or workplace bullying.
• Violence: Including harassment, intimidation, and
physical assault.

4. Potential Sources of Hazards in an Organization

• Work Processes: Inadequate procedures or unsafe
practices.
• Equipment: Faulty or poorly maintained machinery
and tools.
• Work Environment: Poor lighting, ventilation, or
cleanliness.
• Human Factors: Lack of training, fatigue, or
negligence.
• Materials: Use of hazardous substances or materials.
• External Factors: Natural disasters, power outages,
or security breaches.

5. Hazards Using Computers

• Ergonomic Issues: Poor workstation setup leading
to musculoskeletal problems.

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 • Eye Strain: Prolonged screen time causing visual
discomfort.
• Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI): From excessive
typing or mouse use.
• Electrical Hazards: Risks from faulty electrical
equipment.
• Data Security Risks: Unauthorized access to
sensitive information.

6. Handling Office Equipment

• Proper Use: Training employees on the correct
operation of equipment like printers, copiers, and
shredders.
• Maintenance: Regular servicing to prevent
malfunctions.
• Storage: Keeping equipment in designated areas to
avoid tripping hazards.
• Safety Features: Ensuring equipment has necessary
safety guards and features.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Providing
PPE when handling heavy or potentially dangerous
equipment.

7. Hazard Control
a. Hierarchy of Controls

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 1. Elimination: Removing the hazard entirely from the
workplace.
2. Substitution: Replacing the hazard with a less
dangerous one.
3. Engineering Controls: Isolating employees from the
hazard (e.g., ventilation systems).
4. Administrative Controls: Changing work policies or
procedures (e.g., training, shift rotations).
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Providing
protective gear to employees.
b. Risk Assessment
• Identifying potential hazards.
• Evaluating the risks associated with each hazard.
• Implementing appropriate control measures.
c. Incident Reporting and Investigation
• Establishing a system for reporting accidents and
near-misses.
• Investigating incidents to determine root causes.
• Implementing corrective actions to prevent
recurrence.

8. Safety Guidelines Checklist

General Workplace Safety
• Conduct regular safety audits and inspections.
• Ensure all employees receive safety training.
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 • Display clear signage for hazards and emergency
exits.
• Maintain clean and organized workspaces.
• Provide and maintain necessary PPE.
Ergonomics
• Set up ergonomic workstations tailored to individual
needs.
• Encourage regular breaks to reduce strain.
• Provide adjustable chairs and desks.
Equipment Safety
• Perform routine maintenance on all equipment.
• Train employees on proper equipment use.
• Ensure safety guards and features are functional.
Fire Safety
• Install and maintain fire extinguishers.
• Conduct regular fire drills.
• Keep fire exits unobstructed.
Electrical Safety
• Inspect electrical cords and outlets for damage.
• Avoid overloading electrical outlets.
• Ensure proper grounding of electrical equipment.
Chemical Safety
• Store chemicals properly with appropriate labeling.

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 • Provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all
chemicals.
• Train employees on safe handling and disposal of
chemicals.
Emergency Preparedness
• Develop and communicate an emergency response
plan.
• Provide first aid kits and trained first aid personnel.
• Ensure availability of emergency contact information.
Security Measures
• Implement access control systems.
• Conduct background checks for employees where
necessary.
• Train employees on security protocols and
procedures.

9. Policies and Procedures for Health, Safety, and

Security
a. Health Policies
• Wellness Programs: Initiatives promoting physical
and mental health.
• Sick Leave Policies: Guidelines for reporting illness
and taking sick leave.
• Health Screenings: Regular health check-ups and
screenings for employees.

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b. Safety Policies
• Incident Reporting: Procedures for reporting
accidents and near-misses.
• Safety Training: Mandatory training sessions for all
employees.
• Emergency Procedures: Clear guidelines for
responding to emergencies.
c. Security Policies
• Access Control: Rules governing who can enter
certain areas.
• Data Protection: Policies to safeguard sensitive
information.
• Surveillance: Use of cameras and monitoring
systems to ensure security.
d. Implementation Procedures
• Policy Communication: Ensuring all employees are
aware of policies.
• Regular Reviews: Periodically updating policies to
reflect changes.
• Enforcement: Consistently applying policies and
addressing violations.

10. Best Practices for Maintaining a Safe and Secure

Workplace
• Continuous Training: Regularly update employees
on safety and security practices.
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 • Employee Involvement: Encourage employees to
participate in safety committees and provide
feedback.
• Promote a Safety Culture: Foster an environment
where safety and security are prioritized.
• Monitor and Evaluate: Continuously assess the
effectiveness of safety and security measures.
• Adapt to Changes: Update policies and procedures
in response to new hazards or changes in the
workplace.

By implementing comprehensive health, safety, and

security policies and procedures, organizations can create
a safe and productive environment that protects
employees and enhances overall organizational
performance.

Book Exercise
A. Multiple choice questions

1. Workplace safety is essential in organisation

____________.
(a) to avoid the accident and injury
(b) to increase the productivity
(b) to improve the work environment
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(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is not mandatory to keep

the good health of an employee?
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Food court
(c) Clean and fresh air
(d) Clean washroom
Ans: (b) Food court

3. The security department is not responsible for

__________.
(a) personal safety
(b) computer system and equipment safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) personal belongings
Ans: (d) personal belongings

4. The proper security procedures will increase

____________.
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
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(d) operational charges of the company
Ans: (c) business revenue

5. Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry?

(a) Biological
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical
(d) Ergonomic
Ans: (d) Ergonomic

6. Which of the following can cause hazards while

using
computers?
(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in
one position
(b) Lifting heavy object
(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment
(d) Improper handling of office equipment
Ans: (a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration
of sitting in one position

7. Which of the following statements is likely to

result in an injury to the operator?
(a) Selecting the right tool for the job
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(b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses
(c) Using a tool with loose handles
(d) Keeping cutting tools sharp
Ans: (c) Using a tool with loose handles

8. What are the potential cause of hazards at

workplace?
(a) Poor ventilation
(b) Poor lighting
(c) Poor housekeeping
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

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B. Fill in the blanks

1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical,

mental and social well being.
2. The work places must be cleaned in the morning
before the people start working.
3. A proper ventilation system / air conditioning
provide clean and cool air at the workplace.
4. A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the health /
well-being of the employee.
5. The work environment of the organisation must be
safe and free from hazards and risk .
6. The proper security procedures will increase the
business revenue and will reduce the operational
charges / liabilities of the company.
7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented
through
national policy on occupational health & safety.
8. Physical hazards occurs due to physical work
environment / unsafe conditions.
9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct
contact with live wires, or indirect contact through a
conductor/ conductive surface.
10. Hazards while using computers occurs due to poor
posture or excessive duration of sitting in one position.
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C. State whether the following statements are True or False
1. The employer and employees are responsible for
workplace
safety. TRUE
2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor
immediately. TRUE
3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured
person
should receive medical attention. TRUE
4. While working with machines and equipment,
employees
must follow the safety guidelines set by the company.
TRUE
5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create
contrast problems. TRUE
6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour
could damage the mouth and ears. FALSE
7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment
can
control the hazards at workplace. TRUE
8. Do not throw rubbish daily. TRUE
9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in
injuries. FALSE

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10. Stress at workplace can cause hazard in today’s
organisation. TRUE

D. Short answer questions

1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and

security at workplace.
Ans: Health refers to the physical and mental well-being of
employees. Safety involves protection from accidents,
injuries, and health risks in the workplace. Security deals
with protecting employees and company assets from
intentional threats such as theft, violence, and breaches in
confidentiality.

2. State the most important reasons for health,

safety and security programs in workplace
Ans: Reasons include legal compliance, enhancing
employee well-being, increasing productivity, managing
risks, reducing costs (insurance, medical expenses), and
improving the company’s reputation.

3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.

Ans: Physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological
hazards, ergonomic hazards, and psychosocial hazards.

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4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an
organisation.
Ans: Work processes, faulty equipment, unsafe
environments, lack of training, improper handling of
materials, and external factors like natural disasters.

5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.

Ans: Ergonomic issues, repetitive strain injuries, eye
strain, electrical hazards, and data security risks.

6. What are the examples of potential hazards?

Ans: Poor lighting, wet floors, loud noise, exposure to
toxic chemicals, unsafe machinery, and electrical faults.

7. Describe information technology workplace

hazards.
Ans: IT workplace hazards include ergonomic issues
(improper posture, repetitive strain), electrical hazards
from faulty equipment, eye strain from prolonged screen
use, and data security risks.

8. What are the workplace safety rules?

Ans: Follow safety protocols, use protective equipment,
report hazards immediately, ensure proper machine
operation, maintain clean and organized workspaces, and
adhere to emergency procedures.

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9. List out different safety guidelines?
Ans: Regular safety audits, employee training, use of PPE,
maintaining equipment, emergency response plans, and
incident reporting systems.

10. Describe type of emergency with example.

Ans: Types of emergencies include fire (e.g., an electrical
fire), medical (e.g., an employee having a heart attack),
natural disasters (e.g., an earthquake), and security threats
(e.g., a break-in).

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Mind Map for Health, Safety, and Security at the
Workplace:

1. Health, Safety, and Security at the Workplace

• Health: Well-being (physical and mental)
• Safety: Protection from harm (accidents, injuries)
• Security: Protection from intentional threats (theft,
violence)

2. Reasons for Health, Safety, and Security Programs

• Legal Compliance
• Employee Well-being
• Productivity
• Reputation Management
• Financial Benefits
• Risk Management

3. Workplace Safety Hazards

• a. Physical Hazards
o Slips, trips, falls
o Noise
o Temperature extremes
o Radiation
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 o Vibration
• b. Chemical Hazards
o Toxic substances
o Flammable materials
• c. Biological Hazards
o Infectious agents
o Mold, fungi
• d. Ergonomic Hazards
o Poor posture
o Repetitive movements
• e. Psychosocial Hazards
o Stress
o Violence

4. Potential Sources of Hazards in an Organization

• Work processes
• Equipment
• Work environment
• Human factors
• Materials
• External factors

5. Hazards Using Computers

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 • Ergonomic issues
• Eye strain
• Repetitive strain injuries (RSI)
• Electrical hazards
• Data security risks

6. Handling Office Equipment

• Proper use
• Maintenance
• Storage
• Safety features
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

7. Hazard Control
• Hierarchy of Controls
o Elimination
o Substitution
o Engineering controls
o Administrative controls
o PPE
• Risk Assessment
o Identify hazards
o Evaluate risks
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 o Implement control measures
• Incident Reporting and Investigation

8. Safety Guidelines Checklist

• General Safety
o Regular audits
o Employee safety training
o Clear signage
o Clean, organized spaces
o PPE availability
• Ergonomics
o Ergonomic workstations
o Regular breaks
o Adjustable furniture
• Equipment Safety
o Routine maintenance
o Equipment training
o Functional safety features
• Fire Safety
o Fire extinguishers
o Fire drills
o Clear exits
• Electrical Safety
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 o Cord and outlet inspection
o Avoid overloading outlets
o Proper grounding
• Chemical Safety
o Proper storage and labeling
o Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
o Safe handling training
• Emergency Preparedness
o Emergency response plan
o First aid kits and personnel
o Emergency contacts
• Security Measures
o Access control
o Background checks
o Security protocols

9. Policies and Procedures for Health, Safety, and

Security
• a. Health Policies
o Wellness programs
o Sick leave policies
o Health screenings
• b. Safety Policies

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 o Incident reporting
o Safety training
o Emergency procedures
• c. Security Policies
o Access control
o Data protection
o Surveillance
• d. Implementation Procedures
o Policy communication
o Regular reviews
o Enforcement

10. Best Practices

• Continuous training
• Employee involvement
• Promoting a safety culture
• Monitoring and evaluating measures
• Adapting to changes

This mind map helps structure and visualize the different

aspects of health, safety, and security in the workplace.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe and

Secure Working Environment
Ch 14. Workplace Quality Measures

Important Notes Workplace Quality Measures

Workplace Quality Measures
• Ensuring high standards for cleanliness, air, and water
quality.
• Monitoring ergonomic factors and reducing strain-
related injuries.
• Promoting employee health and safety through proper
workspace design and equipment use.
• Implementing procedures for reducing stress and
improving overall well-being.
Air and Water Quality Monitoring Process
• Air Quality Monitoring: Regular checks for
pollutants (e.g., dust, allergens, chemicals), air
filtration systems, and adequate ventilation.
• Water Quality Monitoring: Ensuring clean drinking
water, checking for contaminants, and maintaining
plumbing systems.
• Purpose: To prevent health issues such as respiratory
problems and waterborne diseases.

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Guidelines for Clean Air and Clean Water
• Use air purifiers and HVAC systems to ensure good
indoor air quality.
• Regularly clean and maintain filters.
• Ensure that the workplace is free from pollutants like
dust, smoke, and chemicals.
• Ensure water sources are tested periodically for
contaminants, and maintain water storage systems.
• Encourage regular hydration by providing access to
clean, filtered drinking water.
Importance of Cleanliness at Workplace
• Promotes a healthy and safe work environment.
• Reduces the risk of illness and workplace injuries.
• Improves productivity and employee morale.
• Enhances the company’s image and adherence to
health regulations.
Office Ergonomics
• Definition: Designing the workspace to fit the user’s
physical capabilities, minimizing strain.
• Key Aspects:
o Proper desk height and chair adjustments.
o Ergonomic accessories like keyboard trays and
footrests.
o Adequate lighting to reduce eye strain.

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 o Positioning monitors at eye level to maintain
neutral posture.
Computer Health and Safety Tips
• Take regular breaks (every 20-30 minutes) to stretch
and rest your eyes.
• Maintain proper posture to prevent strain on the back,
neck, and wrists.
• Use adjustable chairs and desks to optimize comfort.
• Position the monitor at eye level and ensure sufficient
lighting to avoid glare.
• Use anti-glare screens and adjust brightness to reduce
eye strain.
Musculoskeletal Problems
• Caused by poor posture, repetitive movements, and
lack of movement.
• Common issues include back pain, neck stiffness, and
carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Prevention: Ergonomic furniture, regular stretching,
and taking breaks.
Occupational Overuse Syndrome
• Repetitive strain injury caused by prolonged use of
certain muscles (e.g., typing, using a mouse).
• Symptoms include pain, swelling, and reduced range
of motion.
• Prevention: Take frequent breaks, adjust
workstations, and use ergonomic devices.
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Strain in Legs and Feet
• Often caused by prolonged sitting or standing.
• Prevention: Use footrests, wear comfortable shoes,
and take standing breaks.
• Consider alternating between sitting and standing
positions.
Eye Strain
• Caused by staring at screens for long periods.
• Symptoms: Dry eyes, blurred vision, headaches.
• Prevention: Follow the 20-20-20 rule (look away
from the screen every 20 minutes for 20 seconds at
something 20 feet away).
• Use anti-glare screens and ensure proper lighting.
To Reduce the Risks of Visual Problems:
• Position the monitor 20-30 inches from your eyes.
• Adjust the screen’s brightness to match the lighting in
the room.
• Increase font size and use high-contrast
text/background.
Headaches
• Can be caused by screen glare, poor posture, or
prolonged computer use.
• Prevention: Ensure proper ergonomics, reduce
screen brightness, and take regular breaks.
Obesity

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 • Sedentary office work can contribute to weight gain.
• Prevention: Encourage regular physical activity, take
walking breaks, and promote healthy eating habits.
Stress Disorders
• Workplace pressures, long hours, and inadequate
work-life balance can lead to stress.
• Prevention: Manage workloads, encourage breaks,
and promote mental health support.
Injuries from Laptop Use
• Laptops often promote poor posture, leading to neck
and shoulder strain.
• Prevention: Use laptop stands, external keyboards,
and mice to improve ergonomics.
Sleeping Problems
• Excessive screen time, especially before bed, can
disrupt sleep.
• Prevention: Limit screen time in the evening, use
blue light filters, and establish a healthy sleep routine.
Health and Safety Requirements for Computer
Workplaces
1. Display Screen (Monitor)
• Adjust screen height to avoid neck strain.
• Ensure the monitor is positioned at least 20-30 inches
from your eyes.
• Use anti-glare screens to reduce eye strain.

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2. Keyboard
• Position the keyboard at elbow height.
• Keep wrists in a neutral position (not bent upwards or
downwards).
• Use a wrist rest to reduce strain.
3. Work Surface
• The desk should have enough space for comfortable
placement of the keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
• Ensure that items are easily reachable without
stretching.
4. Work Chair
• The chair should support the lower back.
• Adjustable height and tilt options are necessary for
comfort.
• Use a footrest if your feet do not rest flat on the floor.
Cautions While Working on the Computer
• Posture: Keep your back straight and your feet flat
on the ground.
• Breaks: Take regular short breaks to stretch and rest
your eyes.
• Lighting: Ensure proper lighting to avoid glare on the
screen.
• Screen Time: Limit extended periods of
uninterrupted screen time.
Watch Out for Cords and Wires

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 • Ensure cables are properly managed to prevent
tripping hazards.
• Keep cords away from high-traffic areas.
• Use cable organizers or covers to avoid tangling or
fraying.
This overview covers essential aspects of maintaining
health, safety, and ergonomic practices in a computer-
centric workplace.

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Multiple choice questions

1. To provide healthy and safety working

environment, every organisation must have
___________________.
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

2. Air pollution is mostly caused by production of

the ________ in the surrounding air.
(a) dust
(b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases
(d) All of above
Ans: (d) All of above

3. Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your

___________.
(a) neck
(b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers

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(d) All of the above
Ans: (b) shoulder
4. The security department organisation is not
responsible for __________________.
(a) other safety
(b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) transport safety
Ans: (c) electrical safety

5. For an organisation, the proper security

procedures will reduce ________________.
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company
Ans: (b) insurance

6. Do not wear ________ when working with

machines.
(a) jewellery
(b) safety glasses
(c) masks
(d) gloves
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Ans: (a) jewellery

7. Sore lower back is caused due to

_________________.
(a) reaching forward frequently
(b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair
(d) reaching forward for long periods
Ans: (d) reaching forward for long periods

8. What should you do with the problem of dry

eyes?
(a) Forget to blink
(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
(c) Do exercise
(d) Blink the eyes
Ans: (b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye
exercises

9. If light is coming directly behind or in front of you

then you may suffer from _________________.
(a) eye strain
(b) sore eyes
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(c) dry eyes
(d) eye strain and sore eyes
Ans: (a) eye strain

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using –

physical, chemical and biological analysis.
2. The PH value of the water can be measured through
chemical analysis.
3. The bio-indicators indicators are used to monitor the
health of the ecosystem.
4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing
and
arranging things.
5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can
cause arching wrists / carpal tunnel syndrome.
6. The repetition of a seemingly simple/ innocuous task
over a period of time can cause an injury.
7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be
mark it with hazard tape.
8. Loose cords and wires can cause electrical hazards.
9. Glare and reflective on the screen should be
prevented.
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10. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid
Reflective glare.

C. State whether the following statements are True

or False
1. The work environment of the organisation must be free
from hazards and risk. TRUE
2. Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air
pollution. TRUE
3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and
productivity. TRUE
4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the
computer. FALSE
5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or
circuits with wet hands. TRUE
6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer
while
working on computer. FALSE
7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as
repetition strain injury. TRUE
8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to
move easily. TRUE
9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause
sleeping problems. TRUE
10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the
same level. FALSE
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D. Short answer type questions
1. What causes the water pollution?
Ans: Water pollution is caused by contaminants such as
chemicals, industrial waste, sewage, plastic debris, and
agricultural runoff entering water bodies.

2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?

Ans: Occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) refers to
injuries caused by repetitive strain on muscles, tendons,
and nerves due to continuous, repetitive tasks over time.

3. What are musculoskeletal problems?

Ans: Musculoskeletal problems involve discomfort or pain
in muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons, often caused by
poor posture, repetitive movements, or ergonomic issues.

4. What cautions to be taken while working on the

computer?
Ans: Maintain good posture, take regular breaks, use
ergonomic accessories, avoid glare, position the monitor at
eye level, and keep cords organized to prevent tripping.

5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

Ans: Laptops are inherently non-ergonomic due to their
design, forcing users to either strain their neck or arms.

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External peripherals and proper posture are necessary for
better ergonomics.

6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?

Ans: Eye strain is caused by long periods of screen use,
improper lighting, and glare. It can be avoided by taking
regular breaks, adjusting the brightness, and using anti-
glare screens.

7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on

computer?
Ans: A display screen that is adjustable in height, has an
anti-glare surface, and provides sufficient brightness is
suitable for working on a computer.

8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on

computer?
Ans: A keyboard with an ergonomic design, proper key
spacing, and a matt surface to avoid glare is suitable for
working on a computer.

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Mind Map for Workplace Quality Measures,
Ergonomics, Health, and Safety:

1. Workplace Quality Measures

• Air Quality Monitoring
o Pollutants (dust, allergens)
o Ventilation systems
o Regular checks and maintenance
• Water Quality Monitoring
o Clean drinking water
o Regular testing for contaminants
o Maintenance of plumbing systems
• Cleanliness at Workplace
o Regular cleaning schedules
o Organized and clutter-free environment
o Waste management

2. Guidelines for Clean Air and Clean Water

• Air:
o Air purifiers and HVAC systems
o Regular filter cleaning
o Elimination of pollutants (dust, smoke)

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 • Water:
o Regular testing
o Proper water storage and filtration
o Easy access to clean water

3. Office Ergonomics
• Ergonomic Workstations:
o Adjustable chairs and desks
o Monitor at eye level
o Ergonomic keyboard and mouse
• Posture:
o Proper back support
o Neutral wrist position
o Feet flat on the floor or on a footrest
• Lighting:
o Adequate lighting to reduce eye strain
o Anti-glare screens

4. Computer Health and Safety Tips

• Breaks:
o Follow 20-20-20 rule for eye strain
o Stretching and movement every 30 minutes

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 • Posture:
o Maintain neutral spine position
o Keep wrists in line with forearms
• Screen Setup:
o Eye level with monitor
o Proper screen brightness to reduce glare
• Laptop Use:
o Use external mouse and keyboard for better
posture
o Use laptop stand to raise screen height

5. Musculoskeletal Problems
• Causes:
o Poor posture
o Repetitive strain (typing, mouse use)
o Prolonged sitting or standing
• Prevention:
o Ergonomic workstations
o Frequent breaks
o Stretching exercises

6. Occupational Overuse Syndrome (Repetitive

Strain Injury)

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 • Causes:
o Prolonged repetitive motions (typing, mouse use)
• Prevention:
o Take regular breaks
o Use ergonomic accessories
o Practice hand and arm stretches

7. Strain in Legs and Feet

• Causes:
o Prolonged sitting or standing
o Poor footwear or floor conditions
• Prevention:
o Use footrests
o Alternate between sitting and standing
o Wear comfortable shoes

8. Eye Strain
• Causes:
o Long hours of screen exposure
o Inadequate lighting
• Prevention:
o 20-20-20 rule (look away every 20 minutes for 20
seconds)

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 o Use anti-glare screens
o Adjust monitor brightness

9. To Reduce Risks of Visual Problems

• Monitor Distance:
o Position 20-30 inches from eyes
• Brightness:
o Adjust to room lighting
• Text Size:
o Increase font size to reduce squinting

10. Stress Disorders

• Causes:
o High workloads, long hours
o Lack of work-life balance
• Prevention:
o Encourage breaks
o Support mental health initiatives
o Time management strategies

11. Injuries from Laptop Use

• Causes:
o Poor posture, neck and shoulder strain
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 • Prevention:
o Use laptop stands
o External keyboard and mouse for proper posture

12. Sleeping Problems

• Causes:
o Excessive screen time before bed
o Stress from work
• Prevention:
o Reduce screen time in the evening
o Use blue light filters
o Set regular sleep schedules

13. Health and Safety Requirements for Computer

Workplaces
Display Screen (Monitor)
• Positioned at eye level
• 20-30 inches away from the eyes
• Use anti-glare screens
Keyboard
• Keep wrists neutral
• Positioned at elbow height
• Use wrist rests if necessary

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Work Surface
• Enough space for equipment and documents
• Comfortable height for user
Work Chair
• Adjustable for height and tilt
• Lumbar support for lower back
• Feet flat on the floor or footrest

14. Cautions While Working on the Computer

• Posture:
o Avoid slouching or hunching
• Breaks:
o Stand, stretch, and move regularly
• Lighting:
o Prevent screen glare, use task lighting
• Cords and Wires:
o Proper cable management to prevent tripping

15. Watch Out for Cords and Wires

• Hazards:
o Tripping over loose wires
o Tangled cords causing strain
• Prevention:
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 o Use cable organizers
o Keep cords away from walkways

This mind map covers key points for maintaining a safe,

healthy, and ergonomic workspace.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X

Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe and

Secure Working Environment
Ch 15. Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

Important notes of Linking Spreadsheet Data

Preventing Accidents and Emergencies

1. Awareness and Training: Educate individuals on
potential hazards and proper safety protocols to
reduce risks.
2. Safe Work Environment: Ensure that the workspace
is free from clutter and obstructions. Regular
maintenance and inspection of equipment help in
reducing accidents.
3. Proper Use of Equipment: Always use the correct
tools for tasks, and ensure they are in good condition.
Notice and Correctly Identify Accidents and
Emergencies
1. Visual Cues: Be alert for spills, loose wiring, or
malfunctioning equipment.
2. Auditory Signals: Alarms or unusual noises often
indicate potential danger or emergency situations.

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 3. Employee Reports: Listen to concerns raised by
team members about unsafe conditions.
Types of Accidents
1. Slips, Trips, and Falls: Caused by wet surfaces,
uneven flooring, or poor lighting.
2. Cuts and Burns: Often due to improper handling of
sharp tools or hot surfaces.
3. Electrical Accidents: Caused by faulty wiring or
contact with live electrical components.
Handling Accidents
1. Remain Calm: Panic can escalate situations. Stay
composed and assess the situation.
2. Assess the Victim: Ensure that the injured person is
stable, and if needed, provide basic first aid.
3. Call for Help: In severe cases, emergency services
should be contacted immediately.
Types of Emergencies
1. Fire: Caused by ignition sources, leading to smoke,
heat, and flames.
2. Chemical Spills: Exposure to hazardous materials
requiring quick containment.
3. Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, floods, and other
environmental hazards.
General Evacuation Procedures
1. Follow Designated Routes: Always be aware of
evacuation maps and follow the marked exits.
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 2. Stay Low in Smoke: In the event of a fire, stay low
to avoid smoke inhalation.
3. Assist Others: Help those in need, but ensure your
safety first.
Identification of Material and Ignition Sources
1. Flammable Materials: Understand what materials
are combustible and store them in appropriate
containers.
2. Electrical Systems: Ensure electrical equipment is
properly maintained to prevent sparks.
3. Open Flames: Avoid using open flames in areas with
flammable materials.
First Aid
1. Basic First Aid: Administer first aid for minor
injuries such as cuts, bruises, and burns.
2. CPR: Be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) for unresponsive victims.
3. First Aid Kit: Always ensure that a fully stocked first
aid kit is readily available and accessible.

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A. Multiple choice questions
1. What are the steps necessary for operating a fire
extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is
generally present in its handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is an examples of ignition

sources of open flames?
(a) Gas ovens
(b) Lighters in smoking areas
(c) Welding torches
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above

3. In fire classification, all liquid, grease, and gas

material comes under __________________.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
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(d) Class A material
Ans: (b) Class B material

4. In fire classification, material magnesium,

potassium, and sodium comes under
_______________.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans: (d) Class D material

5. In fire classification, material wood, cloth, and

paper
comes under ________________.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans: (a) Class A material

6. In fire classification, electrical material and

equipment comes under ____________________.
(a) Class A material
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(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans: (c) Class C material

7. When do we use a fire extinguisher?

(a) In case of flood
(b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire
(d) In case of burn injury
Ans: (c) In case of fire

8. What is the primary fire emergency telephone

number is?
(a) 011
(b) 101
(c) 108
(d) 111
Ans: (b) 101

9. Which of the following contains everything you

need to know about evacuating your facility safely?
(a) Evacuation Diagram
(b) Emergency Action Plan
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(c) Employee Directory
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans: (d) Both (a) and (b)

10. The best course of action to take during a

medical
emergency is to ________________.
(a) Begin first aid immediately
(b) Activate the emergency plan for reporting injuries
(c) Notify the person's family about the situation
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans: (d) Both (a) and (b)

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B. Fill in the blanks
1. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs
immediate attention and action.
2. A wet floor sign will warn people to walk carefully on
freshly mopped floors.
3. Watch your steps signs can prevent accidents on a
staircase with a sharp bent or warn against a loose floor
tile.
4. The coordinator should be responsible to handle
evacuation process.
5. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper
storage of flammable material or combustible dust.
6. There should always be an emergency response plan
for scheduled electrical maintenance or work.
7. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first
aid
for injuries and treat for shock.
8. A fire extinguisher is a cylindrical pressure vessel
containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish
a fire.

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C. State whether the following statements are True
or False
1. The organisation’s policies and guidelines is the best
guide
to handle emergency. TRUE
2. If someone is injured, act as per your impulse or gut
feeling. FALSE
3. Keep water and food items away from electrical
equipment. TRUE
4. Always switch off the electrical circuits. FALSE
5. Always wear protective equipment, such as gloves and
shoes. FALSE
6. A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to
extinguish fires. TRUE
7. Flammable materials can be placed around an door exit.
FALSE
8. You can determine possible evacuation routes from floor
plan diagrams posted in your facility. TRUE

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D. Short answer questions
1. What is a workplace emergency?
Ans: A workplace emergency is any unforeseen situation
that threatens employees, customers, or the public,
disrupts operations, causes damage, or poses immediate
danger. Examples include fires, explosions, chemical spills,
natural disasters, or active threats.

2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and

your business?
Ans: Protection can be ensured by implementing safety
training programs, establishing and practicing emergency
action plans, using appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE), maintaining clear communication
channels, and ensuring compliance with health and safety
regulations.

3. What is an emergency action plan?

Ans: An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written
document outlining procedures to be followed in the event
of a workplace emergency. It includes evacuation routes,
communication protocols, roles and responsibilities, and
measures to ensure employee safety.

4. What should your emergency action plan include?

Ans: An EAP should include:
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 • Evacuation procedures and routes
• Emergency contact numbers
• Roles and responsibilities of employees
• Procedures for reporting emergencies
• Protocols for accounting for all personnel after an
evacuation
• Medical and rescue duties
• Fire prevention plans

5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and

procedures?
Ans: To develop an evacuation policy:
• Assess potential hazards and determine safe routes.
• Identify employees who will lead evacuations and
assign specific responsibilities.
• Ensure all employees are trained and familiar with the
evacuation plan.
• Regularly review and practice evacuation drills to
ensure preparedness.

6. How do you establish evacuation routes and

exits?
Ans: Evacuation routes and exits should be:
• Clearly marked and illuminated
• Easily accessible and unobstructed at all times
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 • Communicated to all employees during training and
displayed on site maps
• Reviewed regularly for compliance with safety
regulations and fire codes

7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher

and their extinguishing material?
Ans: Class A: Water, foam, or dry chemical (used for
ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, or cloth)
Class B: CO2 or dry chemical (for flammable liquids like
oil, gasoline, or grease)
Class C: CO2 or dry chemical (for electrical fires)
Class D: Dry powder (for metal fires)
Class K: Wet chemical (for kitchen fires involving cooking
oils and fats)

8. What are the steps for operating a fire

extinguisher in case of a fire emergency.
Ans: Follow the PASS method:
• Pull the pin to unlock the extinguisher.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
• Sweep the nozzle from side to side at the base of the
fire until it's extinguished.

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9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.
Ans: Water Extinguisher: Effective for Class A fires
(wood, paper, cloth); not suitable for electrical or liquid
fires.
CO2 Extinguisher: Effective for Class B (flammable
liquids) and Class C (electrical) fires; leaves no residue.
Foam Extinguisher: Suitable for Class A and B fires;
covers the surface of flammable liquids.
Dry Chemical Extinguisher: Effective for Class A, B,
and C fires; widely used for its versatility.
Wet Chemical Extinguisher: Designed for Class K
kitchen fires; cools the fire and prevents re-ignition.

10. List the different class of fire.

Ans: Class A: Fires involving ordinary combustibles
(wood, paper, textiles)
Class B: Fires involving flammable liquids (gasoline, oil,
paint)
Class C: Fires involving electrical equipment
Class D: Fires involving combustible metals (magnesium,
titanium)
Class K: Fires involving cooking oils and fats

11. List out electrical rescue techniques.

Ans: Turn off the power source before attempting rescue.

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 • Use non-conductive materials (e.g., wood, rubber) to
move the victim away from electrical contact.
• Call emergency services immediately.
• Perform CPR if necessary, once the victim is free from
the electrical source.
• Keep the victim calm and monitor for shock or other
injuries until help arrives.

12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?

Ans: The first aid steps for electrical emergencies
are as follows:
Turn off the power source: If safe, disconnect the
victim from the electrical source by turning off the power
or using a non-conductive object (like wood or plastic) to
separate the person from the electricity.
Call emergency services: Immediately dial emergency
medical help or an ambulance.

Check for breathing and pulse: If the person is

unconscious, check for breathing and a pulse. If there is no
pulse or breathing, begin CPR (cardiopulmonary
resuscitation) immediately.
Treat burns: Electrical injuries often cause burns. Cover
any burns with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. Avoid
applying ointments or lotions.

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Do not move the person: Unless there is immediate
danger (e.g., fire), do not move the victim. Electric shocks
can cause internal injuries or fractures due to falls.
Monitor for shock: Keep the person calm and warm to
prevent shock. If the person becomes faint or weak, raise
their legs slightly unless spinal injury is suspected.
Stay with the victim: Remain with the person until
professional medical help arrives, and keep them
reassured.

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Mind Map: Accidents and Emergencies: Prevention,
Identification, and Handling

1. Preventing Accidents and Emergencies

• Awareness and training
• Safe work environment
• Proper use of equipment

2. Notice and Correctly Identify Accidents and

Emergencies
• Visual cues (spills, loose wiring)
• Auditory signals (alarms, noises)
• Employee reports of unsafe conditions

3. Types of Accidents
• Slips, trips, and falls
• Cuts and burns
• Electrical accidents

4. Handling Accidents
• Remain calm
• Assess the victim
• Call for help if necessary

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5. Types of Emergencies
• Fire
• Chemical spills
• Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods)

6. General Evacuation Procedures

• Follow designated routes
• Stay low in smoke during fire
• Assist others, ensure personal safety

7. Identification of Material and Ignition Sources

• Flammable materials (proper storage)
• Electrical systems (maintenance to prevent sparks)
• Open flames (avoid near flammable items)

8. First Aid
• Basic first aid for minor injuries
• CPR for unresponsive victims
• Ensure accessible first aid kits

This mind map summarizes key aspects of accident and

emergency management, from prevention and
identification to handling and first aid.

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS
Information Technology (402)
Class – X
Employability Skills Class-X
(COMMON FOR ALL SKILL COURSES)

Unit 1: Communication Unit 2: Self-

Skills-II Management Skills-II Unit 3: ICT Skills-II

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Unit 5: Green Skills-II Employability Skills

Skills-II Class-X
(All 5 Units in single
Book)

Sample Paper
Employability Skills Class-X
(COMMON FOR ALL SKILL
COURSES)

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 Class-X Sub: Information Technology (402)
Main Book: Domestic Data entry Operator

Unit 1: Digital Unit 2: Electronic Unit 3: Database

Documentation Spreadsheet (Advanced) Management System
(Advanced)

Sample Paper
Information
Technology (402)
Class-X

Unit 4: Maintain Health,

Safety and Secure Information Technology
Working Environment (402) Main Book ( All 4
Units)

252 | P a g e Learn with Foodie Putar