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Cpelec2 Activity 1 Vargas Reinner

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44 views4 pages

Cpelec2 Activity 1 Vargas Reinner

Uploaded by

Alexis Mercado Vargas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COGNATE / ELECTIVE COURSE 2 (CPELEC2)

Name: Reinner Alexis Andre M. Vargas Date: January 21, 2022


Year and Section: BSCOE-3A Score and Rating: __

I. Define Machine Learning. Determine its applications in different fields and identify
where this kind of technology fits, and why?
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on building
algorithms and statistical models that allow computers to accomplish tasks without being
explicitly programmed. Machine learning's fundamental purpose is to enable systems to
learn and improve from their experiences, allowing them to make data-driven predictions
or judgments.
Applications of Machine Learning in Different Fields:
1. Healthcare
• Diagnosis and Predictive Analytics: Machine learning algorithms can
examine medical data to help diagnose diseases and forecast patient
outcomes.
• Drug Discovery: Machine learning is used to identify possible drug
candidates by examining molecular structures and biological data.

2. Finance
• Fraud Detection: By studying transaction data, machine learning systems
may spot patterns of fraudulent activity.
• Credit Scoring: Machine learning algorithms assess creditworthiness
using a variety of parameters, boosting loan payback prediction accuracy.

3. Marketing and E-commerce


• Recommendation Systems: Machine Learning is used to assess user
preferences and propose items or services.
• Customer Segmentation: Algorithms can segment clients depending on
their behavior, allowing for more focused marketing techniques.

4. Transportation
• Autonomous Vehicles: Machine learning is critical in allowing self-driving
automobiles to interpret real-time sensor data and make choices.
• Traffic Prediction: Machine learning algorithms use past data to anticipate
traffic trends and optimize route design.

5. Education
• Personalized Learning: Machine learning algorithms can tailor
instructional content to specific student needs, hence improving the
learning experience.
• Predictive Analytics: Using historical performance data to identify pupils
who are likely to fall behind.
6. Manufacturing
• Predictive Maintenance: Machine learning can forecast equipment
breakdowns by analyzing sensor data, lowering downtime and
maintenance costs.
• Quality Control: Machine learning algorithms detect flaws in items
throughout the production process.

7. Natural language processing (NLP)


• Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: Machine learning allows robots to
comprehend and respond to human language, which improves customer
assistance and interactions.
• Language Translation: Machine learning models are used to
automatically translate languages, hence breaking down language
barriers.

8. Image and Speech Recognition


• Face Recognition: Machine learning systems use face traits to identify
and authenticate persons.
• Speech-to-Text: Machine learning translates spoken words into written
text, allowing voice-activated devices.

9. Cybersecurity
• Anomaly Detection: Machine learning can recognize unexpected patterns
in network traffic, assisting in the detection of possible cyber-attacks.
• Fraud Prevention: Machine learning models examine user behavior to
detect and prevent fraudulent activity.

Machine learning fits into these many sectors because of its capacity to analyze large
volumes of data, identify patterns, and make predictions or judgments without explicit
programming. The technology excels at tasks that traditional rule-based systems may
struggle with owing to data complexity and unpredictability. ML systems may adapt and
improve over time as they are exposed to additional data, making them useful in dynamic
and changing contexts.

II. Identify and define the Machine Learning Models.


Machine learning models are algorithms that learn from data to do specified tasks without
being explicitly programmed. Generally speaking, several forms of machine learning
models are present, each built for a distinct purpose.
Here are a few typical types:
1. Supervised Learning Models
• Linear Regression: A regression procedure that predicts a continuous output
based on one or more input variables. It presupposes a linear relationship
between the input variables and the result.
• Logistic Regression: Despite the name, logistic regression is utilized to solve
binary classification issues. It calculates the chance that an instance belongs
to a specific category.

2. Decision Trees
• Classification Trees: These models are utilized for classification purposes.
They segment the data by feature to make judgments about the target variable.
• Regression Trees: Similar to classification trees, but used to forecast a
continuous variable.

3. Ensemble Learning Models


• Random Forest: A collection of decision trees that enhances accuracy and
generalization by integrating predictions from numerous individual trees.
• Gradient Boosting: Boosting methods such as XGBoost or AdaBoost combine
weak learners consecutively to form a robust prediction model.

4. Unsupervised Learning Models


• K-Means Clustering: A method for splitting data into clusters based on
similarity. It is an unsupervised algorithm that seeks to identify intrinsic
patterns.
• Hierarchical Clustering: Creates a hierarchy of clusters that may be
represented as a dendrogram.

5. Dimensionality Reduction Models


• Principal Component Analysis (PCA): Reduces the dimensionality of data by
translating it into a new coordinate system that captures the most significant
properties.
• t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE): A method for displaying
high-dimensional data in smaller dimensions while retaining pairwise
similarities.

6. Neural networks
• Feedforward neural networks: Made up of layers of linked nodes (neurons) that
flow information in a single direction, from input to output.
• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN): Suitable for sequential data because their
connections generate cycles, allowing them to store knowledge over time.
• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): Image identification and processing
algorithms that use convolutional layers to extract features.

7. Support vector machines (SVMs)


• SVM for Classification: Divides data into classes by locating the hyperplane
that optimizes the margin between classes.
• SVM for Regression: Predicts a continuous variable by locating a hyperplane
that minimizes error.
8. Reinforcement Learning Models
• Q-Learning: Reinforcement learning technique that involves learning a policy
that optimizes a cumulative reward.
• Deep Q Network (DQN): Combination of Q-learning and deep neural networks
that can handle more complicated settings.
These are only a few examples of machine learning models; there are many versions and
customized models for various tasks and domains. The model used is determined by the
nature of the data, the situation at hand, and the intended results.

III. Define Concept Learning.


Concept learning is a cognitive or computational process in which humans or machines
learn about a particular idea or category based on instances. Machine learning is creating
models that generalize from labeled cases and learning to classify new, previously unseen
data. The approach consists of abstracting common aspects, determining decision limits,
and iterative refining based on input. Concept learning is critical for both human cognition
and artificial intelligence, allowing for pattern detection and understanding and for the
application of acquired concepts to unfamiliar contexts. It includes inductive learning,
which derives general rules from specific examples, as well as deductive learning, which
makes predictions based on prior information.

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