Global Health and the Millennium Development Goals

Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. determine the different global health issues and the initiatives made to help
address these problems;
2. Appreciate the value of global health and millennium development goals by
sharing their insights; and
3. create a poster in relation to millennium development goals.

Motivation

Directions: I will give you 5 minutes to look the words/terms that are related to
our topic for today.

Unlocking of Difficulties
 To get a better understanding of the lesson, you need to know the words you
may encounter during the discussion.

Words Definitions
Millennium a period of a thousand years, especially when
calculated from the traditional date of the birth of
Christ.
WHO World Health Organization
Eradicate eradicate is defined as to completely destroy or
wipe something out.

Discussion

Read the knowledge sheet, then decide how much you can recall and how
much you learned by reacting to activities.

Knowledge Sheet

GLOBAL HEALTH AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT

GOALS

The term “global health” rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization. It
is defined as diverse health issues, concerns and trends which call for all nations to
address and act on to promote and protect health of individuals and groups across
boundaries.

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all
191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations
Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to fight
discrimination against women and children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,
and environmental degradation. All of these goals cannot be attained without
addressing each and everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend on better
global health programs and policies.

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all
191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations
Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to fight
discrimination against women and children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,
and environmental degradation. All of these goals cannot be attained without
addressing each and everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend on better
global health programs and policies.

8 MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia

suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger
leads to severe malnutrition which leads to lifelong physical
and cognitive (learning and reasoning) damage and affects
health, well-being and the economy. Some key suggestions to
eradicate poverty and hunger are:

 Education
 Promoting gender equality
 Producing more jobs
 Investing more in agriculture
 Strengthened nutrition programs for children and infants
 Support and protection of developing and vulnerable
countries during crises

Persons, particularly women who are educated, are more

likely to seek medical care especially during pregnancy,
ensuring proper nutrition for their family, adopting healthy
sanitary practices and ensuring immunization of children. As
an effect, infants and children have better survival rates, are
healthier and better nourished. If these are attained, children
who receive primary education are more likely to:

 Marry and have their own families at a later stage in life

 Practice family planning and have fewer children
 Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
 Seek employment and sustain personal and family needs
 Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted
infections like HIV/AIDS
 Support and protection of developing and vulnerable
countries during crises
 Gender equality means equal representation of men and
women. It implies that all gender should have equal value
and treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers women
and other groups creating opportunities in education, work,
finances, and other aspects which improves the economy and
lessen effects of financial crises. Gender equality can be
achieved through:

 Early childhood development intervention

 Promotion of women’s political rights and involvement
 Improved reproductive health programs and policies
 Education and integrating gender equality in school
curriculum
 Improved women’s access to work and strengthened labor
policies for women
 Support and protection of developing and vulnerable
countries during crises

Programs and policies which help reduce child mortality

like improving nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and
infrastructure, and other fields which improve children’s
lives. Strengthening local and national health programs and
policies is one way to reduce child mortality. This includes:

 Immunization programs
 Assuring the survival and better health of mothers
 Improving reproductive health programs and policies
 Better nutrition program for infants, children and mothers
 Improved maternal health is not only about mother’s
health but also involves the health and wellness of the
family. Maternal health also helps eradicate other problems
like poverty, gender inequality, decreased workforce, lower
birth deaths, and disability of women. Some ways to
improve maternal health include:

 Improved and proper nutrition of mothers

 Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small family
size
 Educating young boys and girls about the importance of maternal health
 Better and improved access to hospital care especially obstetrics-
gynecology, prenatal and postnatal care

Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS,
malaria, influenza and other diseases affect productivity and
growth of nations. Some of the effects of disease outbreak are
loss of jobs, shortage in professional workers, and creating
social crises. Children are the most vulnerable and are
exposed to exploitation and abuse undermining their normal
growth and development. Some ways to combat diseases
include effective prevention, treatment and care like:

 Improved housing conditions

 Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
 Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive education for all
 Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS persons and TB -
Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) Course therapy
 Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to fight mosquito-borne
diseases

Investing and supporting sustainable energy

like solar, wind and water energy help support
jobs, create business opportunities, and save
remaining non-renewable energy sources.
Environmental sustainability assures peoples to
live healthier and enjoy a clean and green
environment.
Some of the benefits of a sustainable environment are:
  Cleaner air and environment
 Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable energy
 New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
 Increased access to sanitation

The United Nations, World Health Organization, World

Bank and
governments work together to make sure there is fair trade
and
that heavily indebted countries obtain relief and funds to
combat
poverty, malnutrition and funds for education and social
projects.

Some benefits of global partnership are:

 Expanded international trade agreements

 Improved access to affordable medicine
 Reduced poverty through government debt relief grant
 Developed information and communication technology
(ICT) infrastructure

GLOBAL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC)

The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the

prime international treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came into
existence in reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It
reaffirms the right of every individual across the world to the highest standard of
health promoting public health and providing new legal means for global health
cooperation.

The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions:

1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, and
2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely:
• Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke;
• Regulation of the contents of tobacco products;
• Regulation of tobacco product disclosures;
 • New packaging and labeling of tobacco products;
• Education, communication, training and public awareness;
• Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and
cessation; and
• Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship

GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR MENTAL HEALTH

Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020

The “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020” is the result of

extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member nations,
academic and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health
action plan should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. It basically
addresses the following:

• To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health,

• To improve and make mental health services and care accessible, and
• To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with
mental problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent
around the world.

ACTIVITY 1

Direction: Predict the global effects if the eight Millennium Development Goals
were achieved or not achieved.
Goal No. Millennium What if this goal What if this goal
Development is achieved? is not achieved?
Goals
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 GENERALIZATION

Questions:

1. Enumerate the 9 Millennium Development Goals

2. Do you think the Philippines will be able to achieve these eight goals?

ACTIVITY 2

Direction: Choose one from 8 millennium development goals and create a poster
on how you will achieve that goal.
Materials:
1. 1pc white Carolina or Oslo paper.
2. Any coloring materials.
3. Pencil, erasers, ruler, sharpeners, pen and etc.
4. The poster will be judged according to the following rubric:

Rubrics:
Criteria 5 4 3 2
Craftsmanship The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractedly
attractive in terms of attractive messy.
terms of neatness. though it may
neatness. Good
 Well- construction be a bit
constructed and not very messy.
and not messy.
messy.
Creativity Poster is Poster is Poster is The poster
exceptionally creative and a creative and does not
creative. A lot good amount some thought reflect any
of thought of thought was put into degree of
and effort was was put into decorating it. creativity.
used to make decorating it.
the poster.
Originality Exceptional Good use of Average use No use of new
use of new new ideas and of new ideas ideas and
ideas and originality to and originality to
originality to create poster. originality to create poster
create poster. create poster.
Neatness Clean, neat, Minor issues Problems Poster clearly
free of tears, cleanliness, with demonstrates
wrinkles, wrinkles, cleanliness, lack of care
smudges, and smudges, and wrinkles, and no effort.
stray marks. stray marks. smudges,
and/or stay
marks
present are
very
noticeable.
Effort The student The student The student The student
gave an effort completed finished the did not finish
far beyond the project in project, but it the work in a
the an above lacks satisfactory
requirements average finishing manner.
of the project. manner, yet touches or
more could can be
have been improved
done upon with
little effort.
Time Plate was Student Student Student
management turned in on needed extra needed needed
time or early. time (1 day) excessive excessive
to finish time (2 days) time (3 days)
project.
to finish to finish
project. project.