DESIGN EXAMPLE

page 1/3

B: ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS

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ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS

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 8000
3000
200 2600 200
1000 5000 2000
ROOF CONSTRUCTION :
ROOF TRUSS SYSTEM TYPE 1
250 x 75 H.W. WALL PLATE
50 x 150 H.W. TIE BEAM O O
TO SUPPLIER'S DETAIL
50 x 100 H.W. STRUT 30 30
O
2 ( 50 x 100 ) H.W. RAFTER
30
O
50 x 50 H.W. BATTEN @ 370 c/c
30
COLORTILE INTERLOCKING
ROOFING OR EQUIVALENT
750

S/S HANDRAIL TO BE DETAIL 50mm THK. GRADE 40

250 x 400 250mm THK. R.C SLAB
R.C ROOF BEAM CONCRETE FINISH

3000
TO DETAIL
3300

KIDNEY BOLLARD TO
DETAIL STAINLESS STEEL HANDRAIL
DECK LEVEL
TO DETAIL
DECK FINISH LEVEL
120mm DIA. UPVC 300 x 500 R.C BEAM
TO BEAM DETAIL

1000

3000

1000
4 4

1 1
500 2000 500
ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS

1700 800
4000 4000

SPUN PILE
SPUN PILE
( REFER TO DESIGN )
( REFER TO DESIGN )
SEA BED LEVEL
SEA BED LEVEL

SECTION 2 - 2 SECTION 1 - 1
SCALE : 1 : 100
SCALE : 1 : 100

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 page 1/3

Ref. C: STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS AND DETAILS

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
6000 6000 6000 6000

8000

1000 5000 2000

500
LOWERWALE BEAM
PILE CAP J

600 x 600
TYPE 3

450 x 600

2500
UP

PILE CAP
TYPE 4
H

450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 600

5000
PILE CAP
TYPE 5

450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 450

5000
UP
PILE CAP
TYPE 5

PILE CAP
F
TYPE 5

450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 600
JETTY

5000
APPROACH HEAD
SLAB 300 x 500 300 x 500 300 x 500 300 x 500
E1
3000

E
D1 300 x 500 300 x 500 300 x 500 300 x 500 450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 600

5000
PILE CAP PILE CAP PILE CAP PILE CAP PILE CAP
TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 2 TYPE 2 TYPE 2

D
450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 450

LAYOUT PLAN

5000
SCALE : 1 : 100
PILE CAP UP
TYPE 5

PILE CAP
TYPE 5 C
5000
450 x 600

450 x 600

600 x 600

PILE CAP
LOWERWALE BEAM

TYPE 4 B
600 x 600

2500
500

UP
PILE CAP0
TYPE 4 A

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Ref. STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS

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Ref. STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS

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 page 1/2

D: DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

8.4 STRUCTURE
BS 6349-2 Maritime Strucrures - Suspended Deck Reinforced Concrete Jetty

DESIGN CODES & LITERATURE

1. BS 6349 -1-1: 2013 Maritime Works - Planning and Design for Operation
2. BS 6349-2: 2010 Maritime Works - Design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins
3. BS 6349-1-4: 2013 Maritime Works - Materials
4. MS EN 1990: 2010 Eurocode - Basis of structural design
5. MS EN 1991: 2010 Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures
6. MS EN 1992 : 2010 Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures
7. McConnel, K. et.al. "Piers, Jetties and related structures exposed to waves:
Guideline for hydraulic loadings" Thomas Telford, 2004
8. Port Work Design Manual Part 1: General design consideration for marine works,
Civil Engineering Department, The Government of Hong Kong
9. Port Work Design Manual Part 2: Guide of Piers and Dolphins
Civil Engineering Department, The Government of Hong Kong
10. Reynold, C. E., et. al. "Reynold's reinforced concrete designers's handbook"

Table 1 DESIGN WORKING LIFE

BS 6349-1-1 50

Table 4.1 EXPOSURE CLASS

EN 1992 Marine structures : Corrosion induced by chlorides from sea water
XS3 Tidal, splash,and spray zones
XS2 Permanently submerge

UBBL FIRE RESISTANCE

1/2 hour (Single storey buildings - general)

MATERIALS
EN 206 Concrete:
2
Table F.1 Characteristic strength, f ck = 35 N/mm
3
Minimum cement content = 340 kg/m
3.2 Maximum w/c ratio = 0.45
EN 1992 Steel reinforcement:
2
Main bar - Characteristic strength, f yk = 500 N/mm
2
Links - Characteristic strength, f ywk = 500 N/mm

FOUNDATION
Prestressed spun pile

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ACTIONS
Permanent actions
3
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m EN 1991 Table A1
Brickwall: 125 mm thick = 2.60 kN/m2 Ref. [11] Table 2.13
Floor finishes:
2
Rendering, screed (50 mm thk.) = 1.15 kN/m Table 2.14 Ref. [11]
Clay floor tiles = 0.65 kN/m2 Table 2.14 Ref. [11]
Roof : 23
Roof tiles = 0.67 kN/m2 Table 2.15 Ref. [11]
2
Metal roof cladding = 0.07 kN/m
Insulated panel = 0.20 kN/m2
2
Purlins = 0.10 kN/m
Suspended ceiling = 0.15 kN/m2
Ceiling joists = 0.15 kN/m2
Truss = 0.10 kN/m2
2
Services = 0.10 kN/m

Variable actions
Imposed loads:
Roof = 0.25 kN/m2 EN 1991 Table NA7
Cargo loads = kN/m2
Padestrian traffic only = 5.00 kN/m2
Emergency & service vehicle = 10.00 kN/m2
Ship berthing loads
Water current loads
Wave loading
Mooring loads
Force from ship propulsion
Wind load:
Basic wind speed = 33.5 m/s MS 1553

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Ref. E: DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

Data : b

Dimension
Span, L = 3000 mm Depth, h pc = 125 mm h all = 175 mm
Width, b = 1000 mm h in-situ = 50 mm
Table 1.4 Exposure Limiting crack width,
Table 7.1N class = XS3 wk = 0.3 mm
Creep coefficient, j = 2.0
Materials : Durability & Bond
2
f ck = 35 N/mm c min, b = 12 mm
3
gc = 25 kN/m c min, dur = 40 mm
2
E cm = 34 kN/mm Dc dev = 10 mm
2
f yk = 500 N/mm c nom = c min + Dc dev = 50 mm
Es = 200 kN/mm2
f bar = 12 mm
Action
Premix 0 mm= 0 kN/m2
2
Screed 50 mm= 1.25 kN/m
Services etc = 1.00 kN/m2
2
Permanent = 2.25 kN/m
2
Variable = 5.00 kN/m

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Ref. Calculations Output

ACTIONS
2
Slab selfweight = 0.175 x 25 = 4.38 kN/m
2
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) = 2.25 kN/m
Characteristic permanent action, g k = 6.63 kN/m2
2
Characteristic variable action, q k = 5.00 kN/m
2
Design action, n d = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 16.44 kN/m Table A1.2B : EN 1990
2
Quasi-permanent action, n qp = 1.0g k + 0.3q k = 8.125 kN/m

ANALYSIS

wd = 16.44 kN/m

L = 3.00 m

Shear Force,
V = w d L /2
= 24.7 kN/m
Bending Moment,
2
M = w d L /8
M = 18.5 kNm/m

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d = h - C nom - 0.5f bar
= 175 - 50 - (0.5 x 12) = 119 mm
Design moment, M Ed = 18.5 kNm
K = M / bd 2f ck
2
6
= 18.5 x 10 / (1000 x 119 x 35)
= 0.037 < K bal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 0.97 d ≤ 0.95d
A s = M / 0.87 f yk z
6
= 18 x 10 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 119 ) Main bar :
= 376 mm2/m H12 - 300
(377 mm2/m)
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar :
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd H12 - 400
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x1000 x 119 = 199 mm2/m (283 mm2/m)
2
A s,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x1000 x 175 = 7000 mm /m

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Ref. Calculations Output

SHEAR
Design shear force, V Ed = 24.7 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
V Rd,c = [ 0.12 k (100r 1 f ck) ] bd
1/3

1/2
k = 1 + (200/d ) ≤ <2.0
= 2.0
1/2
= 1+(200/ 119) = 2.30
r 1 = A sl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 377 (1000 x 119) = 0.003
1/3
V Rd,c = 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0.003 x 35) x 1000 x 119
= 63689 N = 63.7 kN
3/2 1/2
V min = [ 0.035k f ck ] bd
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 2.0 x 35 x 1000 x 119
= 69694 N = 69.7 kN
So, V Rd,c = 69.7 kN > V Ed Ok !

7.4 DEFLECTION
r = A s,req / bd = 376 / 1000 x 119 = 0.0032
1/2 -3
r o = (f ck) 1/2 x 10-3 = (35) x10 = 0.0059
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
r < ro Use equation (1)
l  ro  ro  
3/ 2
(1)
 K 11  1.5 f ck  3.2 f ck   1 
d  r  r  
= 1.0 (11 + 16.6 + 15.40) = 43.0
Modification factor for span,
span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 377 / 376 = 1.00 < 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 26.0 x 1.00 x 1.00 = 26.06
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 3000 / 119 = 25.2 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

CRACKING
Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
7.3.3 Steel stress,
f yk Gk  0.3Qk 1 A s,req
fs  x
1.15 (1.35Gk  1.5Qk )  A s,prov
= (500 / 1.15) x [(6.6 + (0.3x 5.0)) / 16.4] x 1.0
2
= 246 N/mm
Max. allowable bar spacing = 150 mm
Max bar spacing, s = 300 mm > 150 mm Fail !

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Ref. Calculations Output

7.3.4 b ecc f cc
x
Fcc
d z
h
M
est
As ect Fst
Section Strain Stress/Force
Reinforcement H12 - 300
2
Area of reinforcement, As = 377 mm /m
Effective depth, d = h - c - f /2 Note:
= 175 - 50 - 12/2 = 119 mm Allow for creep ? yes
Modular ratio, a e = E s /E cm,eff = 200 / 11 = 17.6 E cm, eff = E cm/ (1+j )
Steel ratio, r = A s/bd = 377 / (1000 x 119) = 0.003 = 34 /(1 + 2 )
Depth of neutral axis, = 11.4 kN/mm2
x = { - ae . r + [ae . r (2 + ae . r )] } d
1/2

= { (17.6 x 0.003) +
1/2
[(17.6x 0.003) x (2 + 17.6 x 0.003) ] }d
= 0.28 d = 0.28 x 119 = 33.7 mm
Lever arm, z = d -119
(x /3)
- (33.7 / 3) = 108 mm
Steel tensile stress at quasi-permanent load
s s = M qp / (A s . z )
6 2
= 9.1 x 10 / (377 x 108) = 225 N/mm
Eq. 7.11 Maximum crack spacing,
s r,max = 3.4c + 0.2125k 1f / r p,eff
c = 50 mm Cover to reinforcement
k1= 0.8 Bond coefficient
f = 12 mm Bar diameter
r p,eff = Effective reinforcement ratio
= A s / A c,eff = A s / bh eff
Depth of effective tension area, h eff = The lesser of,
2.5(h - d ) = 2.5 ( 175 - 119) = 140.0 mm
(h - x ) / 3 = (175 - 33.7) / 3 = 47.1 mm
h / 2 = 175 / 2 = 87.5 mm
r p,eff = 377 / 1000 x 47.1 = 0.008
s r,max = (3.4 x 50) + ( 0.2125 x 0.8 x 12 / 0.008 )
= 425 mm
Bar spacing = 300 mm
> 5(c + f/2) = 5(50 + 12 /2)= 280 mm
Upper limit of s r,max = 1.3(h - x ) = 1.3 (175 - 33.7)
= 184 mm apply

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Ref. STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS

Eq. 7.9 Surface strain

(e sm - e cm) = [ s s - k t(f ct,eff / r p,eff)(1 + ae r p,eff)] / E s
≥ 0.6s s / E s
ss =
2
225 N/mm Steel stress
kt = 0.4 Duration of load factor
2
f ct,eff = f ctm3.21 N/mm Tensile strength of concrete
r p,eff = 0.0080 Effective reinforcement ratio
a e = 17.6 Modular ratio
(e sm - e cm)
= 225 - [ 0.4 (3.21 / 0.008) (1 + 17.6 x 0.008)]
200 / x 103
3
= (225 - 183) / 200 x 10 = 0.00021
≥ 0.6s s/E s
3
= 0.6 x 225 / 200 x 10 = 0.00067
Crack width,
w k = s r,max (e sm - e cm)
= 184 x 0.00067 = 0.12 mm < 0.30 mm Ok !

DETAILING

Depth, D = 125 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Main reinforcement,
H12 - 300
Secondary reinforcement
H12 - 400

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Ref. F: DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Data :
1200 L2= 10 @ 255 1200

10 @
175

Dimension
Span, L = 4950 mm Riser, R = 175 mm
Going, G = 255 mm Waist, h = 250 mm
Exposure Limiting crack width,
class = XS3 wk = 0.3 mm
Creep coefficient, j = 2.0
Materials : Durability & Bond
2
f ck = 35 N/mm c min, b = 16 mm
3
gc = 25 kN/m c min, dur = 45 mm
E cm = 34 kN/mm2 Dc dev = 10 mm
2
f yk = 500 N/mm c nom = c min + Dc dev = 55 mm
Es = 200 kN/mm2
f bar = 16 mm
Action Average thickness
2 2 2 1/2
Screed 50 mm= 1.25 kN/m y = h . [ (G + R ) /G] = 303 mm
Finishes etc = 1.00 kN/m2 t = [y + (y + R )] / 2
Permanent = 2.25 kN/m2 = 391 mm
2
Variable = 5.00 kN/m

ACTIONS
Landing
Slab selfweight = 0.250 x 25 = 6.25 kN/m2
2
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) = 2.25 kN/m
Characteristic permanent action, g k = 8.50 kN/m2
2
Characteristic variable action, q k = 5.00 kN/m
2
Design action, n d = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 18.98 kN/m Table A1.2B : EN 1990

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Ref. Calculations Output

Flight
2
Slab selfweight = 0.391 x 25 = 9.77 kN/m
2
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) = 2.25 kN/m
2
Characteristic permanent action, g k = 12.02 kN/m
2
Characteristic variable action, q k = 5.00 kN/m
2
Design action, n d = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 23.72 kN/m Table A1.2B : EN 1990

ANALYSIS

18.98 23.72 18.98 kN/m

1.2 2.55 1.2

L = 4.95 m
Shear Force,
V A = 53.02 kN/m
V B = 53.02 kN/m

Bending Moment,
M = FL /8
M = 65.6 kNm/m

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d = h - C nom - 0.5f bar
= 250 - 55 - (0.5 x 16) = 187 mm
Design moment, M Ed = 65.6 kNm
K = M / bd 2f ck
2
= 65.6 x 106 / (1000 x 187 x 35)
= 0.054 < K bal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 0.95 d ≤ 0.95d
A s = M / 0.87 f yk z
= 66 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 187 ) Main bar :
2
= 849 mm /m H16 - 150
(1341 mm2/m)
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar :
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd H16 - 250
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x1000 x 187 = 312 mm2/m (804 mm2/m)
2
A s,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x1000 x 250 = 10000 mm /m

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Ref. Calculations Output

SHEAR
Design shear force, V Ed = 53.0 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
V Rd,c = [ 0.12 k (100r 1 f ck) ] bd
1/3

1/2
k = 1 + (200/d ) ≤ <2.0
= 2.0
1/2
= 1+(200/ 187) = 2.03
r 1 = A sl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 1341 (1000 x 187) = 0.007
1/3
V Rd,c = 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0.007 x 35) x 1000 x 187
= 131389 N = 131.4 kN
3/2 1/2
V min = [ 0.035k f ck ] bd
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 2.0 x 35 x 1000 x 187
= 109519 N = 109.5 kN
So, V Rd,c = 131.4 kN > V Ed Ok !

7.4 DEFLECTION
r = A s,req / bd = 849 / 1000 x 187 = 0.0045
1/2 -3
r o = (f ck) 1/2 x 10-3 = (35) x10 = 0.0059
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
r < ro Use equation (1)
l  ro  ro  
3/ 2
(1)
 K 11  1.5 f ck  3.2 f ck   1 
d  r  r  
= 1.0 (11 + 11.6 + 3.16) = 25.7
Modification factor for span,
span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 1341 / 849 = 1.58 > 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 25.7 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 38.58
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 4950 / 187 = 26.5 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

CRACKING
Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,
f yk Gk  0.3Qk 1 A s,req
fs  x
1.15 (1.35Gk  1.5Qk )  A s,prov
= (500 / 1.15) x [(12.0 + (0.3x 5.0)) / 23.7] x 0.6
= 180 N/mm2
Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm
Max bar spacing, s = 150 mm < 250 mm Ok !

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Ref. Calculations Output

7.3.3 b ecc f cc
x
Fcc
d z
h
M
est
As ect Fst
Section Strain Stress/Force
Reinforcement H16 - 150
2
Area of reinforcement, As = 1341 mm /m
Effective depth, d = h - c - f /2
= 250 - 55 - 16/2 = 187 mm
Modular ratio, a e = E s /E cm,eff = 200 / 11 = 17.6 Note:
Steel ratio, r = A s/bd = 1341 / (1000 x 187) = 0.007 Allow for creep ? yes
Depth of neutral axis, E cm, eff = E cm/ (1+j )
x = { - ae . r + [ae . r (2 + ae . r )] 1/2 } d = 34 /(1 + 2 )
= { (17.6 x 0.007) + = 11.4 kN/mm2
1/2
[(17.6x 0.007) x (2 + 17.6 x 0.007) ] }d
= 0.39 d = 0.39 x 187 = 73.3 mm
Lever arm, z = d -187
(x /3)
- (73.3 / 3) = 163 mm
Steel tensile stress at quasi-permanent load
s s = M qp / (A s . z )
6 2
= 43.7 x 10 / (1341 x 163) = 201 N/mm
Eq. 7.11 Maximum crack spacing,
s r,max = 3.4c + 0.2125k 1f / r p,eff
c = 55 mm Cover to reinforcement
k1= 0.8 Bond coefficient
f = 16 mm Bar diameter
r p,eff = Effective reinforcement ratio
= A s / A c,eff = A s / bh eff
Depth of effective tension area, h eff = The lesser of,
2.5(h - d ) = 2.5 ( 250 - 187) = 157.5 mm
(h - x ) / 3 = (250 - 73.3) / 3 = 58.9 mm
h / 2 = 250 / 2 = 125.0 mm
r p,eff = 1341 / 1000 x 58.9 = 0.0228
s r,max = (3.4 x 55) + ( 0.2125 x 0.8 x 16 / 0.0228 )
= 307 mm
Bar spacing = 150 mm
< 5(c + f/2) = 5(55 + 16 /2)= 315 mm
Upper limit of s r,max = 1.3(h - x ) = 1.3 (250 - 73.3)
= 230 mm does not apply

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Ref. STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS

Eq. 7.9 Surface strain

(e sm - e cm) = [ s s - k t(f ct,eff / r p,eff)(1 + ae r p,eff)] / E s
≥ 0.6s s / E s
ss =
2
201 N/mm Steel stress
kt = 0.4 Duration of load factor
2
f ct,eff = f ctm3.21 N/mm Tensile strength of concrete
r p,eff = 0.0228 Effective reinforcement ratio
a e = 17.6 Modular ratio
(e sm - e cm)
= 201 - [ 0.4 (3.21 / 0.023) (1 + 17.6 x 0.023)]
200 / x 103
3
= (201 - 79) / 200 x 10 = 0.00061
≥ 0.6s s/E s
3
= 0.6 x 201 / 200 x 10 = 0.00060
Crack width,
w k = s r,max (e sm - e cm)
= 307 x 0.00061 = 0.19 mm < 0.30 mm Ok !

DETAILING

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Ref. F : DESIGN OF PRECAST BEAM

Data :
L

Dimension
Span, L = 10000 mm Depth, h pc = 725 mm h all = 725 mm
Width, b = 400 mm h in-situ = 0 mm
Exposure Limiting crack width,
class = XS3 wk = 0.3 mm
Materials : Durability & Bond
2
f ck = 35 N/mm c min, b = 25 mm
2
f yk = 500 N/mm c min, dur = 45 mm
2
f ykw = 500 N/mm Dc dev = 10 mm
3
gc = 25 kN/m c nom = c min + Dc dev = 55 mm
f bar1 = 25 mm
f bar2 = 16 mm f link = 10 mm
Load from slab
2
Permanent = 6.63 kN/m
2
Variable = 10.00 kN/m

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Ref. Calculations

LOADING
w1 b xh xhf:
400 x 725 x 0
10.0m
w1
Self-weight = 0.40 x (0.73 - 0.00) x 25 = 7.25 kN/m
Dead load from slab 1= 0.50 x 6.63 x 2.60 = 8.62 kN/m
Dead load from slab 2= 0.00 x 6.63 x 0.00 = 0.00 kN/m
Permanent load, g k = 15.87 kN/m
Live load from slab 1= 0.50 x 10.0 x 2.60 = 13.00 kN/m
Live load from slab 2= 0.00 x 10.0 x 0.00 = 0.00 kN/m
Variable load, q k = 13.00 kN/m
Design load, w = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 40.92 kN/m

ANALYSIS
wd = 40.92 kN/m

L = 10.00 m

Shear Force,
V = w d L /2
= 204.6 kN
Bending Moment,
2
M = w d L /8
M = 511.5 kNm

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth, d'

d = h - C nom - f link - f bar - 0.5f bar = 623 mm d

h
d' = Cnom + f link + f bar/2 = 73 mm

Design bending moment, MEd = 512 kNm b

2
K = M / f ckbd
6 2
= 512 x 10 / (35 x 400 x 623 )= 0.094
Redistribution = 0% Redistribution ratio,  = 1.0 Using : EC2
0.454( - k 1)/k 2 - 0.182[( - k 1)/k2]
2
K bal = k 1 = 0.44
0.363 ( - k 1) -- 0.116 ( - k 1) =
2
= 0.167 k 2 = 1.25
==> K < K bal
Compression reinforcement is not required

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Ref.

z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 1.00 d

As = M / 0.87 f yk z
6
= 512 x 10 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 623 )
2
= 1989 mm
K < K bal
Compression reinforcement is required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K bal/1.134) ] ==0.82 d
x = (d - z ) / 0.4 = 279 mm
d '/x = 73 279 = 0.26 < 0.38
The compression steel will have yielded f sc = 0.87f yk
2
A s' = (K - K bal) f ckbd / 0.87f yk(d - d ')
2
= (0.094 -0.17) x (35 x 400 x 623 )
0.87 x 500 x (623 - 73 )
2
= -1647 mm
2
As = K bal f ckbd / 0.87f yk z bal + A s'
2
= 0.167 x (35 x 400 x 623 ) -+ 1647 Use : Top
0.87 x 500 x 0.82 x 623 3H 16
2 2
= 2426 mm ( 603 mm )
As = 1989 mm2 A s' = 0 mm2 Bottom
4H 16
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, 4H 25
2
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd ( 2768 mm )
= 0.26 (3.21 / 500) bd = 0.0017 bd
= 0.0017 x 400 x622.5 = 416 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 400 x 725
= 11600 mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Design shear force, V Ed = 205 kN
6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity
V Rd, max = 0.36b wdf ck(1 - f ck/250) / (cot q + tan q )
= (0.36 x 400 x 623 x 35 (1- 35/250 )
(cot q + tan q )
= 937 kN q = 22
o
cot q = 2.5
= 1349 kN q = 45 o cot q = 1.0
V Ed < V Rd, max cot q = 2.5
V Ed < V Rd, max cot q = 1.0
Therefore angle q < 22o

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Ref.

θ = 0.5sin -1 [V Ed / 0.18b wdf ck(1- f ck/250)]

= 0.5sin -1 205 x 10
3

0.18 x 400 x 623 x 35(1 - 35/250 )

-1
= 0.5sin {0.15} = 4.4 o
Use : θ = 22.0
o
tan q = 0.40 cot q = 2.5
Shear links
A sw / s = V Ed / 0.78f ykd cot q
= 204.6 x 103 / (0.78 x 500 x 623 x 2.5)
= 0.341
2
Try link : H10 A sw = 157 mm
Spacing, s = 157 / 0.341 = 461 mm
9.2.2 (6) Max. spacing, s max = 0.75d = 0.75 x 623 = 467 mm Use : H10 - 300
9.2.2(5) Minimum links
A sw / s = 0.08f ck1/2b w / f yk
1/2
= 0.08 x (35) x 400 / 500 = 0.38
2
Try link : H10 A sw = 157 mm
Spacing, s = 157 / 0.38 = 415 mm Use : H10 - 300
≤ 0.75d = 467 mm
Shear resistance of minimum links
Vmin = (A sw/s )(0.78df yk cot q )
= (157 / 300) x (0.78 x 623 x 500 x 2.5)
= 315 kN
Links arrangement
204.6
315

315 204.6
H10 - 300 H10 - 300 H10 - 300
-2.7 m 5.4 m -2.7 m

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
DF td = 0.5V Ed cot q ≤ M E d,max /z
= 0.5 x 205 x 2.48 = 253 kN

6
M E d,max /z = 511.5 x 10 / 591.4 = 865 kN
As req. = DF td / 0.87f yk = To be added to the
3
= 253 x 10 / (0.87 x 500) = 582 mm2 A s near support (after
curtailment)

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Ref. Calculations Output

7.4 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
r = A s,req / bd = 1989 / 400x 623 = 0.008
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1/2 -3
r o = (f ck) 1/2 x 10-3 = (35) x10 = 0.0059
Percentage of required compression reinforcement,
r ' = A s ' ,req / bd = 0 / 400 x 623 = 0.000
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
r > ro
l  ro 1 r' 
 K 11  1.5 f ck  f ck 
d  r  r ' 12 r 
= 1.0 (11 + 6.57 + 0.00) = 17.6
Modification factor for span less than 7 m
= 7/span = 7/10 = 0.70
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 2768 / 1989 = 1.39 ≤ 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 17.57 x 0.70 x 1.39 = 17.1
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 10000 / 622.5 = 16.1 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

7.3 CRACKING
Table 7.1N Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,
f yk Gk  0.3Qk 1
fs  x
1.15 (1.35Gk  1.5Qk ) 
= (500 / 1.15) x [(15.9 + (0.3x 13.0)) / 40.9] x 1.0
2
= 242 N/mm
Table 7.4N Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm s s
Bar spacing, s = [ 400 - 2(55) - 2(10) - (25) ] / 2
= 122.5 mm < 200 mm Ok !

Summary Note:
3H 16 A s req. near support
2H 25 4H 16 2H 25 = 0.25 x1989 = 497 mm2
2
4H 25 Add. A s = 582 mm
2
Total A s req. = 1079 mm
H10- 300 H10- 300 H10- 300 2H 25 ( 982 mm2)
-2.7 m 5.4 m -2.7 m

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Ref. F : DESIGN OF PRECAST U-SHELL

Data :

h1 h

h2
b1 b2 b1

L2 L1 L2
Dimension
b1= 250 mm h1= 500 mm L1= 2000 mm
b2 = 600 mm h2 = 250 mm L2= 500 mm
b = 1100 mm h = 750 mm L = 3000 mm

Exposure Limiting crack width,

class = XS3 wk = 0.3 mm
Materials : Durability & Bond
2
f ck = 35 N/mm c min, b = 16 mm
2
f yk = 500 N/mm c min, dur = 45 mm
3
gc = 25 kN/m Dc dev = 10 mm
f bar = 16 mm c nom = c min + Dc dev = 55 mm

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Ref. Calculations

LOADING
w b xh :
1000 x 250
2.0m
Self-weight = 1.00 x 0.25 x 25 = 12.50 kN/m
SDL = 1.00 x 0.50 x 25 = 12.50 kN/m
Permanent load, g k = 25.00 kN/m
Variable load, q k = 0.00 kN/m
Design load, w = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 33.75 kN/m
Quasi-permanent action, n qp = 1.0g k + 0.3q k = 25.00 kN/m
ANALYSIS
w d = 33.75 kN/m

L = 2.00 m

Shear Force,
V = w d L /2
= 33.8 kN/m
Bending Moment,
2
M = w d L /8
= 16.9 kNm/m
6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT
d = h - C nom - 0.5f bar = 187 mm
Design bending moment, MEd = 17 kNm/m
2
K = M / f ckbd
2
= 17 x 106 / (35 x 1000 x 187 )= 0.014
Redistribution = 0% Redistribution ratio,  = 1.0
K bal = 0.454( - k 1)/k 2 - 0.182[( - k 1)/k2] 2 Using : EC2
0.363 ( - k 1) -- 0.116 ( - k 1) =
2
= 0.167 k 1 = 0.44
==> K < K bal k 2 = 1.25
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 0.99 d
As = M / 0.87 f yk z Use : Main bar
6
= 17 x 10 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 187 ) H16- 100
2 2
= 218 mm /m ( 2011 mm /m)
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd
= 0.26 (3.21 / 500) bd = 0.0017 bd Sec. bar
2
= 0.0017 x 1000 x187.0 = 312 mm /m H16- 100
2 2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x1000 x 250= 10000 mm /m ( 2011 mm /m)

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Ref.

SHEAR
Design shear force, V Ed = 33.8 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
V Rd,c = [ 0.12 k (100r 1 f ck) ] bd
1/3
1/2
k = 1 + (200/d ) ≤ <2.0 = 2.0
1/2
= 1+(200/ 187) = 2.03
r 1 = A sl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 2011 (1000 x 187) = 0.011
1/3
V Rd,c = 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0.011 x 16) x 1000 x 187
= 115862 N = 115.9 kN
3/2 1/2
V min = [ 0.035k f ck ] bd
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 2.0 x 16 x 1000 x 187
= 74048 N = 74.0 kN
So, V Rd,c = 115.9 kN > V Ed Ok !

7.4 DEFLECTION
r = A s,req / bd = 218 / 1000 x 187 = 0.0012
1/2 -3
r o = (f ck) x 10
1/2 -3
= (16) x10 = 0.0040
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
r < ro Use equation (1)
l  ro  ro  
3/ 2
(1)
 K 11  1.5 f ck  3.2 f ck   1 
d  r  r  
= 1.0 (11 + 20.6 + 48.35) = 79.9
Modification factor for span,
span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 2011 / 218 = 9.21 > 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 26.0 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 39.00
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 2000 / 187 = 10.7 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

CRACKING
Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,
f yk Gk  0.3Qk 1 A s,req
fs  x
1.15 (1.35Gk  1.5Qk )  A s,prov
= (500 / 1.15) x [(25.0 + (0.3x 0.0)) / 33.8] x 0.1
2
= 40 N/mm
Max. allowable bar spacing = 300 mm
Max bar spacing, s = 100 mm < 300 mm Ok !

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Ref. Calculations Output

7.3.3 b ecc f cc
x
Fcc
d z
h
M
est
As ect Fst
Section Strain Stress/Force
Reinforcement H16 - 100
2
Area of reinforcement, As = 2011 mm /m
Effective depth, d = h - c - f /2
= 250 - 55 - 16/2 = 187 mm
Modular ratio, a e = E s /E cm = 200 / 21 = 9.7 Note:
Steel ratio, r = A s/bd = 2011 / (1000 x 187) = 0.011 Allow for creep ? yes
Depth of neutral axis, E cm = 0.5 x 21
x = { - ae . r + [ae . r (2 + ae . r )] 1/2 } d = 10 kN/mm
2

= { (19.4 x 0.011) + ae = 200 / 10

1/2
[(19.4x 0.011) x (2 + 19.4 x 0.011) ] }d = 19.4
= 0.47 d = 0.47 x 187 = 88.0 mm
Lever arm, z = d -187 (x /3)
- (88.0 / 3) = 158 mm
Steel tensile stress at quasi-permanent load
s s = M qp / (A s . z )
6 2
= 12.5 x 10 / (2011 x 158) = 39 N/mm
Eq. 7.11 Maximum crack spacing,
s r,max = 3.4c + 0.2125k 1f / r p,eff
c = 55 mm Cover to reinforcement
k1= 0.8 Bond coefficient
f = 16 mm Bar diameter
r p,eff = Effective reinforcement ratio
= A s / A c,eff = A s / bh eff
Depth of effective tension area, h eff = The lesser of,
2.5(h - d ) = 2.5 ( 250 - 187) = 157.5 mm
(h - x ) / 3 = (250 - 88.0) / 3 = 54.0 mm
h / 2 = 250 / 2 = 125.0 mm
r p,eff = 2011 / 1000 x 54.0 = 0.0372
s r,max = (3.4 x 55) + ( 0.2125 x 0.8 x 16 / 0.0372 )
= 260 mm
Bar spacing = 100 mm
< 5(c + f/2) = 5(55 + 16 /2)= 315 mm
Upper limit of s r,max = 1.3(h - x ) = 1.3 (250 - 88.0)
= 211 mm does not apply

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Ref. STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS

Eq. 7.9 Surface strain

(e sm - e cm) = [ s s - k t(f ct,eff / r p,eff)(1 + ae r p,eff)] / E s
≥ 0.6s s / E s
ss =
2
39 N/mm Steel stress
kt = 0.4 Duration of load factor
2
f ct,eff = f ctm3.21 N/mm Tensile strength of concrete
r p,eff = 0.0372 Effective reinforcement ratio
ae = 9.7 Modular ratio
(e sm - e cm)
= 39 - [ 0.4 (3.21 / 0.037) (1 + 9.7 x 0.037)]
200 / x 103
3
= (39 - 47) / 200 x 10 = -0.00004
≥ 0.6s s/E s
3
= 0.6 x 39 / 200 x 10 = 0.00012
Crack width,
w k = s r,max (e sm - e cm)
= 260 x 0.00012 = 0.03 mm < 0.30 mm Ok !

DETAILING

312
312

H16 - 100
H16 -100

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Ref. F : DESIGN OF PILE CAP

Data :

h1 h

h2
b1 b2 b1

L2 L1 L2
Dimension
b1= 250 mm h1= 500 mm L1= 2000 mm
b2 = 600 mm h2 = 250 mm L2= 500 mm
b = 1100 mm h = 750 mm L = 3000 mm
Exposure Limiting crack width,
class = XS3 wk = 0.3 mm
Materials : Durability & Bond
f ck = 35 N/mm2 c min, b = 20 mm
2
f yk = 500 N/mm c min, dur = 45 mm
gc = 25 kN/m3 Dc dev = 10 mm
f bar = 20 mm c nom = c min + Dc dev = 55 mm
f bar2 = 16 mm f link = 10 mm

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Ref. Calculations

LOADING
P P
w1 b xh :
600 x 500
0.5m 2.0m 0.5m
w
Self-weight = 1.10 x 0.75 x 25 = 20.63 kN/m
SDL = 1.10 x 0.73 x 25 = 19.94 kN/m
Permanent load, g k = 40.56 kN/m
Variable load, q k = 0.00 kN/m
Design load, w = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 54.76 kN/m
P
Design load, P = 1.35g k + 1.5q k = 160.00 kN

ANALYSIS
P P
w

0.5m 2.0m 0.5m

242 242
55 187 160

-160 -187 -55

-87 -87

-59

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth, d'

d = h - C nom - f link - f bar - 0.5f bar = 405 mm d

h
d' = Cnom + f link + f bar/2 = 73 mm
Design bending moment, MEd = 87 kNm
2
K = M / f ckbd b
6 2
= 87 x 10 / (35 x 600 x 405 )= 0.025
Redistribution = 0% Redistribution ratio,  = 1.0 Using : EC2
0.454( - k 1)/k 2 - 0.182[( - k 1)/k2]
2
K bal = k 1 = 0.44
0.363 ( - k 1) -- 0.116 ( - k 1) =
2
= 0.167 k 2 = 1.25
==> K < K bal
Compression reinforcement is not required

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 page 3/5

Ref.

z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 0.98 d

As = M / 0.87 f yk z
6
= 87 x 10 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 405 )
2
= 520 mm
K < K bal
Compression reinforcement is required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K bal/1.134) ] ==0.82 d
x = (d - z ) / 0.4 = 182 mm
d '/x = 73 182 = 0.40 > 0.38
Compression steel is not yield f sc < 0.87f yk
2
A s' = (K - K bal) f ckbd / 0.87f yk(d - d ')
2
= (0.025 -0.17) x (35 x 600 x 405 )
0.87 x 500 x (405 - 73 )
2
= -3377 mm
2
As = K bal f ckbd / 0.87f yk z bal + A s'
2
= 0.167 x (35 x 600 x 405 ) -+ 3377 Use : Comp. bar
0.87 x 500 x 0.82 x 405 4H 20
2 2
= 598 mm ( 1257 mm )
As = 520 mm2 A s' = 0 mm2 Tension bar
0H 16
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, 4H 20
2
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd ( 1257 mm )
= 0.26 (3.21 / 500) bd = 0.0017 bd
= 0.0017 x 600 x405.0 = 406 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 600 x 500
= 12000 mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Design shear force, V Ed = 187 kN
6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity
V Rd, max = 0.36b wdf ck(1 - f ck/250) / (cot q + tan q )
= (0.36 x 600 x 405 x 35 (1- 35/250 )
(cot q + tan q )
= 915 kN q = 22
o
cot q = 2.5
= 1317 kN q = 45 o cot q = 1.0
V Ed < V Rd, max cot q = 2.5
V Ed < V Rd, max cot q = 1.0
Therefore angle q < 22o

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DESIGN
Ref. OF FIRST FLOOR BEAM

θ = 0.5sin -1 [V Ed / 0.18b wdf ck(1- f ck/250)]

= 0.5sin -1 187 x 10
3

0.18 x 600 x 405 x 35(1 - 35/250 )

-1
= 0.5sin {0.14} = 4.1 o
Use : θ = 22.0
o
tan q = 0.40 cot q = 2.5
Shear links
A sw / s = V Ed / 0.78f ykd cot q
= 187.0 x 103 / (0.78 x 500 x 405 x 2.5)
= 0.478
2
Try link : H10 A sw = 157 mm
Spacing, s = 157 / 0.478 = 328 mm
9.2.2 (6) Max. spacing, s max = 0.75d = 0.75 x 405 = 304 mm Use : H10 - 300
9.2.2(5) Minimum links
A sw / s = 0.08f ck1/2b w / f yk
1/2
= 0.08 x (35) x 600 / 500 = 0.57
2
Try link : H10 A sw = 157 mm
Spacing, s = 157 / 0.57 = 277 mm Use : H10 - 300
≤ 0.75d = 304 mm
Shear resistance of minimum links
Vmin = (A sw/s )(0.78df yk cot q )
= (157 / 300) x (0.78 x 405 x 500 x 2.5)
= 205 kN
Links arrangement
55 187 160

-160 -187 55

H10 - 300 H10 - 300 H10 -300

0.5 m 2.0 m 0.5 m

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
DF td = 0.5V Ed cot q ≤ M E d,max /z
= 0.5 x 187 x 2.48 = 231 kN

6
M E d,max /z = 87.0 x 10 / 384.8 = 226 kN
As req. = DF td / 0.87f yk = To be added to the
3
= 231 x 10 / (0.87 x 500) = 532 mm2 A s near support (after
curtailment)

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Ref. Calculations Output

7.4 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
r = A s,req / bd = 520 / 600x 405 = 0.002
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1/2 -3
r o = (f ck) 1/2 x 10-3 = (35) x10 = 0.0059
Percentage of required compression reinforcement,
r ' = A s ' ,req / bd = 0 / 600 x 405 = 0.000
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
r < ro
l  ro 1 r' 
 K 11  1.5 f ck  f ck 
d  r  r ' 12 r 
= 1.0 (11 + 24.54 + 0.00) = 35.5
Modification factor for span less than 7 m
= 1.0 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 1257 / 520 = 2.42 ≤ 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 35.54 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 53.3
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 2000 / 405.0 = 4.9 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

7.3 CRACKING
Table 7.1N Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,
f yk Gk  0.3Qk 1 A s,req
fs  x
1.15 (1.35Gk  1.5Qk )  A s,prov
= (1100 / 1.15) x [(40.6 + (0.3x 0.0)) / 54.8] x 0.4
2
= 337 N/mm
Table 7.4N Max. allowable bar spacing = 150 mm s s
Bar spacing, s = [ 600 - 2(55) - 2(10) - (20) ] / 3
= 150 mm > 150 mm Fail !

Summary Note:
4H 20 4H 20 4H 20 A s req. near support
2H 20 0H 16 2H 20 = 0.25 x520 = 130 mm2
2
Add. A s = 532 mm
2
Total A s req. = 662 mm
H10- 300 H10- 300 H10- 300 2H 20 ( 628 mm2)
0.5 m 2.0 m 0.5 m

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H: CALCULATION OF BERTHING FORCE

BS 6349-1-1 Specification
Fig. D1-D10 Type of Vessel = General Cargo
Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT) = 20000 t
Length between perpendiculars, L BP = 150 m
Moulded breadth , B = 25 m
Full load draft , D v = 10 m
Table D.1 Displacement Tonnage, M d = 2.1 (DWT)n = 26369 t n = 0.953
BS 6349-4 Berthing Velocity, V s = 0.3 m/s
Figure 9

1 = Centre of mass
2 = Velocity vector
3 = Point of contact

Distance of the point of contact from centre of mass

BS 6349-4 R = [(0.5L BP)2 + (0.5B )2 ]1/2 = 76.0 m
5.2.5 Angle between the line, g = 15 o

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Ref. CALCULATION OF BERTHING FORCE

Characteristic Berthing Energy

2
BS 6349-4 E c = 0.5 C m M d V b C E Cs C c
5.2
5.2.4 C m = Hydrodynamic mass coefficient
= 1 + 2D v/B = 1 + (2 x 10.0/ 25.0)
= 1.80
M d = Displacement of vessel
= 26369 t
V b = Velocity of vessel
= 0.3 m/s
5.2.5 C E = Eccentricity coefficient
= (K 2 + R 2cos2g) / (K2 + R 2)
K = (0.19C b + 0.11) L BP
Table D.2 C b = 0.85
BS 6349-1-1 = (0.19 x 0.85 + 0.11) x 150
= 40.7 m
g = 15 o
R = 76.0 m
= (1659+ 5781 x 0.93) / (1659+ 5781)
BS 6349-4 = 0.95
5.2.6 C s = Softness coefficient = 1.0
5.2.7 Cc = Berth configuration coeff. = 0.9

2
Ec = 0.5 x 1.80 x 26369 x 0.30 x 0.95 x 1.0 x 0.9
= 1822 kNm

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I: DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

Vertical and Inclined Piles

Fv Dimension
x1 L1 = 5.25 m
xo e L2 = 0.00 m
P1 P2 P3 P4 L3 = 3.75 m
L1 L2 L3 L = 9.00 m
w1 w2 w3 FH h1 = 0.00 m
h2 = 0.00 m
h1
h = 0.00 m
h2 xo = 4.5 m
H = 4.8 m
B B

1 1
Action
H P1 = 0.0 kN
P2 = 0.0 kN
P3 = 800.0 kN
P4 = 0.0 kN
SEA BED LEVEL
w1 = 0.0 kN/m
w2 = 0.0 kN/m
w3 = 0.0 kN/m
Fh = 100 kN
Pile inclination
1:B = 1:4
N1 N2 N3 N4
F v = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + P 4 + (w 1L 1) + (W 2L 2) + (w 3L 3) = 800 kN
F v. x v = P 1(0) + P 2(L1) + P 3(L 1 + L 2) + P 4(L 1 + L 2 + L 3) + (w 1L 1)(0.5L 1)
+ (W 2L 2)(L 1 + 0.5L 2) + (w 3L 3)(L 1 + L 2 + 0.5L 3) = 4200 kN
x v = 4200 / 800 = 5.25 m
M = F v. e + F h . H = 800 x (5.25 - 4.50) - (100 x 0.00) = 600 kNm
Pile No. N1 N2 N3 N4 Totals
S1 +1 + 0.913 + 0.913 +1 + 3.826
S5 0 + 0.057 + 0.057 0 + 0.114
x (m) 0 + 4.5 + 4.5 + 9.0
X (m) -4.5 0 0 + 4.5
S6 = I + 20.25 0.00 0.00 + 20.25 + 40.5
kp +1 + 0.941 + 0.941 +1
kw + 0.261 + 0.261 + 0.261 + 0.261
kh 0 + 2.19 -2.19 0
km -0.111 0 0 + 0.111
Axial 142.4 kN 402.9 kN -9.4 kN 275.8kN Max. Load
load N x = k p (k wF v + k hF h + k mM ) 402.9 kN
Shear force, V = F h/n = 100 / 4= 25 kN Moment, M = VH /2 = 60 kNm

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Ref. DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

Vertical Piles
Fv
xv Dimension
xo e L1 = 5.25 m
P1 P2 P3 P4 L2 = 0.00 m
L1 L2 L3 L3 = 3.75 m
w1 w2 w3 FH L = 9.00 m
h1 = 0.00 m
h1
h2 = 0.00 m
h2 h = 0.00 m
xo = 4.50 m
-xn +xn H = 4.80 m
H Action
P1 = 0.0 kN
P2 = 0.0 kN
P3 = 800.0 kN
SEA BED LEVEL P4 = 0.0 kN
w1 = 0.0 kN/m
w2 = 0.0 kN/m
w3 = 0.0 kN/m
Fh = 100 kN

F v = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + P 4 + (w 1L 1) + (W 2L 2) + (w 3L 3) = 800 kN
F v. x v = P 1(0) + P 2(L1) + P 3(L 1 + L 2) + P 4(L 1 + L 2 + L 3)
+ (w 1L 1)(0.5L 1) + (W 2L 2)(L 1 + 0.5L 2) + (w 3L 3)(L 1 + L 2 + 0.5L 3)
= 4200 kN
x v = 4200 / 800 = 5.25 m
M = F v. e + F h . H = 800 x (5.25 - 4.50) - (100 x 4.80) = 120 kNm

Calculation for loads on piles

Axial Load Shear
Pile x x2 2 kw = km= BM
n I = nx (k wF v+k mM ) V =
No. (m) (m2) (1/Sn ) (x /nI ) M=
(kN) F h/Sn VH /2
N1 1 -4.5 20.25 20.25 0.25 -0.10 188 (kN) (kNm)
N2 1 -1.5 2.25 2.25 0.25 -0.03 196
N3 1 + 1.5 2.25 2.25 0.25 0.03 204 25 60
N4 1 + 4.5 20.25 20.25 0.25 0.10 212
4 45 Max. Load = 212 kN

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