CLASS 8

HOME STUDY

ASSIGNMENTS - 1

LAST DATE OF SUBMISSION – 10TH APRIL 2020

1. ENGLISH
2. HINDI
3. FRENCH
4. SANSKRIT
5. MATHEMATICS
6. SCIENCE
7. SOCIAL SCIENCE
8. PE &ART

MGD GIRLS’ SCHOOL, JAIPUR

Home Study Assignment for Class 8
ENGLISH
General Dear Students
Instructions
Welcome to session 2020-21!

As you are aware that we are sailing through troubled waters at the moment and the entir
world is facing a severe crisis which no doubt will end soon with our patience, positivity an
perseverance.

Following is the first round of English assignments which needs to be submitted/completed b

10th of April 2020.

The tasks to be done in notebook can be done in any old notebook or your English notebook o
a bunch of pages stapled together and will be submitted and marked as English activity o
portfolio work when the school reopens.

Tasks to be submitted online can be sent by 10th April to the email id of your subject teacher a
under-
 english8amgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th A- Subject teacher: Mrs Mamta Mathur
 english8bmgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th B- Subject teacher: Mrs Vijaya Bhat
 english8cmgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th C- Subject teacher: Mrs Mamta Mathur
 english8dmgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th D- Subject teacher: Mrs Neetu Mathur
 english8emgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th E- Subject teacher: Mrs Shruti Rastogi
 english8fmgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th F- Subject teacher: Dr Anju Verma
 english8gmgd@gmail.com- for students in 8th G- Subject teacher: Mrs Vijaya Bhat
Round 1  Idioms-
 Connect the Idiom on the left to its definition on the right and write them in your note
meaningful sentences:

 Mend fences  Something thought out to be bad turn

 New lease on life  To repair hurt feelings

 A blessing in disguise  Irritating

 Kick up your heels  Something you like

 Make waves  A renewed sense of hope

 After your own heart  To make fuss

 Good to go  To let loose and have a good time

 Mend fences  Ready to go

 Write 20 more such idioms and explain them in the form of a story. In your notebook.
 Talk about the present situation in the world to your parents/relatives at least 3 and tak
their ideas, compile all the ideas in the form of an email and send it to your subject
teacher.

Other Tasks  Download Extramarks app and do grammar exercises based on Tenses and revise
Mixed Tenses in your notebook.
 Write a page in Cursive writing everyday in your notebook to improve your
handwriting.
 HINDI
अभ्यासपत्र ---1
कक्षा __8

विषय-हिन्दी

निर्देश --

1
इसअभ्यासपत्रकोआपपुरानीउत्तरपुस्तिकाओंमेंसेपन्नेनिकालकरभीकरसकते
हैं।2.इसअभ्यासपत्रकेकार्यकोआपकोदिनांक 10 अप्रैलतकपूराकरनाहै।
कृपयासमयसीमाकाध्यानरखें।

3 इसअभ्यासपत्रकेहलकेलिएवसंतभाग _3 कापाठ "लाखकीचूड़ियां"

तथाव्याकरणकेपाठ 1 तथा 2 कोपढ़ें।

4 आप Extramarks App परभीपाठ्यसामग्रीप्राप्तकरसकतेहैं।

1 निम्नलिखितप्रश्नोंकेउत्तर रिक्तस्थानमें दीजिए।

कभाषाशब्द _____ धातुसेबनाहै ?

खभाषाकाक्षेत्रीयरूप ------ कहलाताहै।

गभाषा को अक्षरों द्वारालिखनेकातरीका _____ कहलाताहै।

घभाषाकीसबसेछोटीइकाई ____है।

ङ वर्णोंकेव्यवस्थितसमूहको _____कहते हैं।

चव्यंजन वर्णोका उच्चारण _____वर्णोकीसहायतासेकियाजाताहै।

छहिन्दीवर्णमालामेंकुल ____स्वरहै।

जअंतस्थव्यंजन _________ हैं।

झस्पर्शव्यंजनोंकीसंख्या ___ है।

ञसंयुक्तव्यंजनमेंदो ___ व्यंजनोंकासंयोगहोताहै।

2 निम्नलिखितप्रश्नोंकेसंक्षिप्तउत्तरदीजिए।( शब्दसीमा 20 से 30 शब्द

)

कबदलू कौनथा ? लेखकउससेकहॉमिला ?

ख लेखकबदलूकोकाकाक्योकहता था ?

गबदलूकेमनकीव्यथाक्या थी ?

घ लाखकीचूड़ियॉ पाठमेंकिससमस्याकीओरइशाराकियागयाहै ?

ङ आजविश्वकोरोनावायरससंकटकेदौरसेगुजररहाहै।अपनेमाता-पितातथादादा -
दादीकेसाथबातकरतेहुए , उनकेजीवनकीकिसी ‌
इसीप्रकारकीविषमपरिस्थितिकेबारेमेंजानकारीप्राप्तकरेंतथाउसेअपनेश
ब्दोंमेंलिखें।
 FRENCH
General instructions

A. (i) Worksheets based on the topic "Les monuments et les musées parisiens" is
provided. This can be solved on any sheet of
paper / printout. ( along with the questions/worksheet)
(ii) Write your name , class and section on the top left corner of the first page of
the
worksheets. Click photos of the assignment and use CAMSCANNER app (or any
other similar
app) to combine and convert all the images into a single pdf document. Make
sure that the
pages in the pdf document appear in correct sequence.
(iii) Name this document as ‘ your_name _assignment1_section.pdf ‘
(eg. If your name is Aditi Jha ,and you are in 8D, name your pdf document as
aditi_jha_assignment1_section_D.pdf) .
(iv) Send this pdf document at the following email addresses according to your
class and section
by 10th April,2020. Write your name, class , section and assignment 1 in the
subject field of
the mail.
8D- french8dmgd@gmail.com
8E- french8emgd@gmail.com
8F- french8fmgd@gmail.com
8G- french8gmgd@gmail.com

B. Picture of chapter - 1 is attached for better understanding .

C. Given below is a list of subject enrichment activities that can be done at home.
Keep a record of these activities . These will be considered as subject enrichment
activities and will be evaluated by the teachers when school reopens.

(i) Activity –Learn some lines to describe a french or indian monument. Oral test for
the same.
 (ii) Write in copy or in paper and paste the photos.

WORKSHEET

CHAPTER - Les monuments et les musées Parisiens

Note : Answers have to be sent on email address along with worksheet.

Name :

Class :

1. Complétez les phrases suivantes:-

a) La tour Eiffel est l'un des ........................ les plus connus de Paris.

b) Il a fallu ......... ans, ............ mois et ........ jours par construite cette tour de fer.

c) L'hôtel des Invalides était un ........................... pour les militaires.

d) Le centre Georges Pompidou est un .................... modern et contemporain crée par

l'ancien ....................... .

e) L'Arc de Triomphe est le plus grand.............................. au monde avec une hauteur

de ............................ .

f) Le sacré-cœur a été construit pour rendre homage aux ............................. de la guerre

de ........................ .

g) Le Louvre, ancient .................... est le musée le plus visité dans le monde.

h) Le Musée Grévin conserve une collection de personages en ....................... .

2. Dites vrai ou faux.

a) Paris mesure exactement 325 mètres.

b) L'hôtel des Invalides abrite aujourd'hui le musée des armées.

c) Notre dame se trouve en plein cœur de l'île de la cité .

d) Le Sacré-Cœur n'est pas un monument réligieux .

e) L'Arc de Triomphe n'est pas le plus grand arc au monde.

3. Nommez deux monuments réligieux.

________________
 कार्य-पत्रिका-1 (2020-21)
कक्षा – 8
विषय-संस्कृत
विशेष :- छात्राएँ संस्कृत विषय के लिए 2 नोटबुक बनाएँगी ।वर्कशीट
कार्य पहली नोटबुक में किया जाएगा । नोट बुक(पुरानी अथवा नई)/पुरानी
कॉपी के पेज निकाल कर भी बनाई जा सकती है।
__________________________________________________________
1.अधोलिखितं अपठितं गद्यांशं पठित्वा अधोलिखितानाम् प्रश्नानाम्
उत्तराणि उत्तरपुस्तिकायां
लिखत-
इदं सम्यक् ज्ञातव्यं यत्“पर्यावरणस्य रक्षणे एव अस्माकंरक्षणं
भविष्यति” I प्रदूषणस्य
समस्यायाः समाधानाय स्थाने-स्थाने वृक्षाःरोपणीयाः नदीषु अवकरादि न
क्षेपणीयाः.एवम् वनानां पर्वतानां च सरंक्षणं करणीयम् I एतैः
प्रयत्नैः पवनं शुद्धं, जलं निर्मलं भूमिः च उर्वरा भविष्यति I
अतिवृष्टिः, अनावृष्टिः च न भविष्यति . तदैव इदं शास्त्रवचनं सत्यं
भविष्यति यत् –
सर्वेभवन्तु सुखिनः. सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः I
सर्वेभद्राणि पश्यन्तु . मा कश्चित् दुःखभाग़्भवेत् II
(क) एकपदेन उत्तरत-
(i) प्रदूषणस्य समस्यायाः समाधानाय स्थाने-स्थाने के रोपणीयाः?
(ii) नदीषु किम् न क्षेपणीयम् ?
(iii) सर्वे कानि पश्यन्तु ?
(iv) के सुखिनः भवन्तु ?
(ख) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत-
(i) कस्य रक्षणे एव अस्माकं रक्षणम् ?
(ii) पर्यावरणसरंक्षणस्य प्रयत्नैः किम् भविष्यति ?
(ग)‘अनावृष्टिः’इत्यस्य पदस्य विलोमपदम् अत्र किम् प्रयुक्तम् ?
(i) उर्वरा (ii) अतिवृष्टिः (iii) अवकरम् (iv) निर्मलम्
(घ)‘भवन्तु’इत्स्यस्मिन् पदे अत्र कः लकारः?
(i) लट् लकारः (ii) लोट् लकारः (iii) लृट् लकारः (iv) लङ् लकारः
2.अधोलिखितेषु स्थुलपदेषु प्रत्ययं प्रयुज्य विभज्य वा लिखत |
(i) सः देवंनम्+क्त्वा गृहं गच्छति |
(क) नत्वा (ख) नमित्वा (ग) नन्त्वा
(ii) देशभक्ताः मातृभूमिंप्रणम्य देशं रक्षति |

(क) प्र+नम्य (ख) प्र+नम्+ल्यप् (ग) प्रनम्+ल्यप्

(iii) सुलेखा आपणंगम् +तुमुन् यानं आरोहति |

(क) गतुम् (ख) गम्तुम (ग) गन्तुम्
3. निर्देशानुसारेण उत्तरत-
(i) कः वर्णः दन्तयः अस्ति ?(क) ट्(ख) ग्(ग) द्(ii) ‘चवर्गस्य’
उच्चारणस्थानं किम् ?
(क) कण्ठः (ख) तालुः (ग) ओष्ठः(iii) वर्णविन्यासः कुरुत -
(क) सार्थक = स्+आ+ ..... +थ+अ+ ...... +अ
(iv)वर्णसंयोजनं कुरुत -
(क) ज+ञ+आ+न्+ई = _________
4. मञ्जूषायाः रिक्तस्थानेषु क्रियापूर्तिं कृत्वा लिखत -
मञ्जूषा – नयेताम् , पचेयम् , पिबेतम् , नयेयुः , पचेम , पिबेः
पुरुष एक वचन द्वि वचन बहु वचन
प्रथम पु० नयेत् ..................... ......................
मध्यम पु० ..................... ..................... पिबेत
उत्तम पु० ..................... पचेव .......................
5. मञ्जूषायाः रिक्तस्थानेषु शब्दपूर्तिं कृत्वा लिखत -
मञ्जूषा –अस्याः ,का ,काभ्याम् ,आसाम् ,मतिभिः,कस्मै ,काः,मतिभ्याम्
विभ एक वचन द्वि वचन बहु वचन
क्ति
प्रथ ................... के ..................
मा ... ...
तृती मत्या ................... ..................
या .. ...
चतु ................... ................... केभ्यः
र्थी ... ...
षष् ................... अनयोः ..................
ठी ... ...
6.मञ्जूषातः उचितपदानि चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –
(क)त्वम् ...................शोभना बाला असि l
(ख) करण्डके ..........फलम् अस्ति l
(ग).............खगौ आकाशे उत्पततः l
(घ) .............कन्ये उच्चैः वदतःl
मञ्जूषाद्वे ,एकम् , द्वौ ,एका

MATHEMATICS
MGD GIRLS’ SCHOOL
WORKSHEET 1 (2020-2021)
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS: VIII

General instructions:

1. Attempt all the questions neatly in a register and send the soft copy earliest by 7th
April 2020 in PDF format. Also submit the register when the school reopens as a part
of subject enrichment activity.
2. Send the soft copy on the following emails according to your sections:
 Class and section Subject teacher Email ID
8A Mrs Shweta Goyal math8amgd@gmail.com
8B MrsMamta Khatri math8bmgd@gmail.com
8C MrsEkta math8cmgd@gmail.com
8D MrsSrishtiChoudhary math8dmgd@gmail.com
8E MrsMamta Khatri math8emgd@gmail.com
8F MrsSrishtiChoudhary math8fmgd@gmail.com
8G MrsSarika Joshi math8gmgd@gmail.com

3. Write your full name and date of submission on the top of the worksheet.

1. Find the value of:

3 2 5 −6 8 3 5 3
a) + + b) + c) -14 + d) +
4 3 6 5 3 2 4 7
3 7 13 11 −15 4 6 8
e) - f) - g) - h) -
9 18 2 4 8 5 5 3
2. Find the product of the following
9 13 −9 4 7 3 −2
a)
15
× −9 b) 16 × 12 c) 3 ×2d) 7 × −5
3. Solve:
−5
a)
8
÷ 45 16
b)
32 9
÷ 3 c) 14 ÷ −13
2
5
d) ÷
4
13
7
4. Draw a line segment AB of 7.4cm and draw its perpendicular bisector. Also measure
the length of each part.
5. Draw the following angles using protractor :
a) 95° b) 140° c) 35° d) 165°
e) 70°
6. Construct the following angles using ruler and compasses. Also construct their angle
bisectors.
a) 60° b)45° c)30° d)105° e) 90°
f) 75° g) 135° h)120°
NOTE: DRAW THE ANGLES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE LINE SEGMENT.
7. Write the squares of all the numbers from 1 to 30 and also learn them.
8. Write the cube of all the numbers from 1 to 30 and also learn them. For example 43
=4 × 4 × 4 = 64
9. Write the following decimals in the fraction form. Also convert each fraction into
simplest form .
 a) 0.5 b) 0.009 c) 0 .75 d) 2.34 e) 13.7
f) 43.46
10. Write the prime factorization for the following numbers and then express them in
exponential form also:
a) 142 b) 128 c)1000 d) 392 e) 216
f)180

NOTE
Resoure material
 Ncert book of class VII
 Any maths reference books, you can easily get
 E-content from digital apps like Diksha, Youtube etc.

SCIENCE
MGD GIRLS’ SCHOOL
HOME STUDY ASSIGNMENT-1
CLASS-VIII
SUBJECT – SCIENCE
General instructions

1.The following topics from Chapter 1 – Crop Production and Management have to
be read
using links given / book(if you already have it)

(i) Agricultural Practices

(ii) Basic Practices of Crop Production
(iii) Preparation of soil
(iv) Sowing
(v) Adding manures and fertilizers

B(i) Worksheets based on the above topics are provided. These can be solved on any
sheet of

paper / printout.(along with the questions/worksheet)

(ii) Write your name, class and section on the top left corner of the first page of
the
worksheets. Click photos of the assignment and use CAMSCANNER app(or any
other similar
app) to combine and convert all the images into a single pdf document. Make
sure that the
pages in the pdf document appear in correct sequence.
(iii) Name this document as ‘your_name _assignment1_section.pdf ‘
(eg. If your name is Aditi Jha ,and you are in 8A, name your pdf document as
aditi_jha_assignment1_section_A.pdf) .
(iv) Send this pdf document at the followingemail addressesaccording to your
class and section
by10th April,2020.Write your name, class , section and assignment 1 in the
subject field of
the mail.
8A- science8amgd@gmail.com
8B -science8bmgd@gmail.com
8C - science8cmgd@gmail.com
8D- science8dmgd@gmail.com
8E-science8emgd@gmail.com
8F- science8fmgd@gmail.com
8G- science8gmgd@gmail.com

C.These links will be helpfulfor better understanding .

(i) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgkdhKeSnrg – preparation of soil

and sowing (video)
(ii) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplanting - transplanting
 Links to access class 8 science text book (NCERT)

1. http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_8.Science.Science/index.html
2. https://www.learncbse.in/ncert-class-8-science-book-pdf-free-download/
3. Text book is also available on ePathshaala app

Worksheet 1
Subject: - Science Class -
VII
Date of Submission-10/04/2020

CHAPTER - CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Note : Answers haveto be sent on email address along with worksheet.

Name :

Class :

A. Write the correct option in space provided:

1. Which of these is not a cereal ?

a.Maize b. Gram c. Wheat d. Rice Ans.___

2. Which of these nutrients is manure rich in ?

a. Organic nutrients b. Nitrogenc. phosphorousd. Potassium Ans.___

3. Which one of the following is not true about for ploughing?

a.It loosens the soil b. It aerates the soil
c. It prevents soil erosion d . It allows easy penetration of roots into soil

Ans. ___

4. Which of the following is a rabi crop?

a. Paddy b. soyabean c. maize d. mustard Ans.___

5. Which of the following is not a correct statement for sowing seeds?

a. Seeds should be sown at right intervals
b. Seeds should be sown at right depth
 c. Seeds should be sown in dry soil
d. Seeds should not be sown in highly wet soil Ans.___

6. Which of the following crops can be transplanted?

a. paddy b. moong c. pea d. All of these Ans.___

7. Which of the following is not true for organic manure?

a. It enhances water holding capacity of soil
b. It has a balance of all plant nutrients
c. It provides humus to soil
d. It improves texture of soil Ans.___

8. The Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of pea plants can fix which one
of the following from the atmosphere ?
a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. all of these Ans._

B:Answer the following questions.

1. Differentiate between:
a. Rabi and kharif crop b. Manure and fertilizer

2. What are the advantages of tilling?

3. Why are earthworms called friends of farmers?

4. Why is levelling of soil done after ploughing?

5. Why is it important to (a)maintain distance between seeds (b) Cover seed with soil
while sowing seeds ?

6. What are the different ways by which nutrients can be replenished in the soil?

7. What is transplanting ? Name a plant that is transplanted.

8. Is it necessary to soak seeds in water before sowing ? Why?

9. Farmers in Northern India grow legumes as fodder in one season and wheat in the
next season .
a. What is this practice known as ?
b. How does this practice help in the replenishment of soil ?
___________________________________________________________________________

SOCIAL SCIENCE

HOME STUDY 2020-21

SUBJECT – SOCIAL SCIENCE
CLASS – VIII
BOOK – OUR PAST – III (PART – 1)
CHAPTER – TRADE TO TERRITORY (HISTORY)
  Read this chapter very carefully.
 Refer to this link for reading material http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?
hess2=2-10
 Refer to YouTube channels for further information’s -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7IXBEUo8oM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73lINFRpHI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cU34ROtSWao
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcKLV4h9phQ&t=40s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcKLV4h9phQ

 After reading the content, complete the worksheet .

 You need to send the worksheet on the given email id – 8A- sst8amgd@gmail.com
 8B - sst8bmgd@gmail.com 8C - sst8cmgd@gmail.com 8D -
sst8ddmgd@gmail.com
 8E - sst8emgd@gmail.com 8F - sst8fmgd@gmail.com sst8gmgd@gmail.com

 If you don’t have access to the internet then you can also do this worksheet in an old
notebook and later attach the papers in the new notebook. Check your class and
section in the given email id and then send it accordingly.

 This worksheet needs to be completed by 10th April 2020.

Overview
The last powerful Mughal ruler was Aurangzeb and after his death in 1707, many Mughal
governors (subadars) and big zamindars began asserting their authority and establishing
regional kingdoms. By the second half of the eighteenth century, a new power emerged on
the political horizon – the British.
East India Company Comes East
The East India Company, in 1600, acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen
Elizabeth I, granting the Company sole right to trade with the East. According to the charter,
the Company could venture across the oceans, looking for new lands to buy goods at a
cheaper price, and carry them back to Europe to sell at higher prices. The Portuguese
established their presence on the western coast of India and had their base in Goa. By the
early seventeenth century, the Dutch were exploring the possibilities of trade in the Indian
Ocean and very soon the French arrived on the scene.
All the companies are interested in buying the same things. The fine qualities of cotton, silk,
pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand. The urge to secure markets
led to fierce battles between the trading companies. Trade was carried on with arms and
trading posts were protected through fortification.
East India Company begins trade in Bengal
In 1651, the first English factory was set up. It was the base from which the Company’s
traders, known as “factors”, operated. In the warehouse of the factory, goods for export were
stored. The Company by 1696 built a fort around the settlement. The Company continuously
tried to press for more concessions and manipulate existing privileges.
How trade led to battles
The conflict between the Company and the nawabs of Bengal intensified. The Bengal nawabs
refused to grant the Company concessions demanded large tributes for the Company’s right
to trade, denied it any right to mint coins, and stopped it from extending its fortifications.
They also claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts
of revenue and undermining the authority of the nawab. The conflicts led to confrontations
and finally culminated in the famous Battle of Plassey.

The Battle of Plassey

In 1756, Alivardi Khan died and Sirajuddaulah became the nawab of Bengal. The Company
tried to help one of Sirajuddaulah’s rivals to become the nawab. After Sirajuddaulah came to
know about the Company’s strategy, he asked them to stop meddling in their political affairs,
stop fortification, and pay the revenues. In 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army
against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey. The main reason for the defeat was that the forces led by
Mir Jafar never fought the battle. The Battle of Plassey became famous because it was the
first major victory the Company won in India.
The prime objective of the Company was the expansion of trade. If it can be done without
conquest, through the help of local rulers, then territories need not be taken over directly. But,
very soon the Company discovered that this was rather difficult. In 1765, the Mughal
emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. It allowed the
Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. From the early eighteenth century, the
Company’s trade with India had expanded. Goods from India had to be brought with gold and
silver imported from Britain.
Company officials become “nabobs”
After the Battle of Plassey, the Company officials forced the actual nawabs of Bengal to give
land and vast sums of money as personal gifts. When Robert Clive left India, his Indian
fortune was worth £401,102. In 1764, he was appointed as the Governor of Bengal and was
asked to remove corruption in Company administration. Many Company officials died an
early death in India due to disease and war. Some of the officials came from humble
backgrounds and their desire was to earn enough in India, return to Britain and lead a
comfortable life. Those who managed to return with wealth were called “nabobs” – an
anglicized version of the Indian word nawab.

Company Rule Expands

After analyzing the process of annexation of Indian states by the East India Company from
1757 to 1857, certain key aspects emerge.
The Company rarely launched a direct military attack on an unknown territory. It alternately
used a variety of political, economic and diplomatic methods to extend its influence before
annexing an Indian kingdom. After the Battle of Buxar, the Company appointed Residents in
Indian states. They were political or commercial agents and their job was to serve and further
the interests of the Company.
Subsidiary alliance means Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed
forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the “subsidiary forces”
that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian
rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as a penalty.

Tipu Sultan – The “Tiger of Mysore”

Mysore, under the leadership of powerful rulers like Haidar Ali (ruled from 1761 to 1782)
and his famous son Tipu Sultan (ruled from 1782 to 1799) had grown in strength. It
controlled the profitable trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper
and cardamom. Tipu Sultan, in 1785, stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and
cardamom. The Company fought four wars with Mysore (1767-69, 1780-84, 1790-92 and
1799). Finally, in the last – the Battle of Seringapatam – the Company achieved victory.
War with the Marathas
The Company from the late eighteenth century was planning to destroy Maratha power. The
Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, the Marathas were defeated and their dream of ruling from
Delhi was shattered. They were divided into many states under different chiefs (sardars)
belonging to dynasties such as Sindhia, Holkar, Gaikwad and Bhonsle. These chiefs were
held together under a Peshwa (Principal Minister) who became its effective military and
administrative head based in Pune.
Marathas were indulged in a series of wars. The first war ended in 1782 with the Treaty of
Salbai, there was no clear victor. The Second Anglo Maratha War (1803-05) was fought on
different fronts, resulting in the British gaining Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna
river including Agra and Delhi. Finally, the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817-19 crushed
Maratha power.
The claim to paramountcy
Paramountcy a new policy was initiated under Lord Hastings (Governor-general from 1813 to
1823). The Company claimed that its power was greater than that of Indian states. In the late
1830s, the East India Company became worried about Russia. It imagined that Russia might
expand across Asia and enter India from the north-west. The Company fought a prolonged
war with Afghanistan between 1838 and 1842 and established indirect Company rule there.
Punjab was annexed in 1849, after two prolonged wars.
The Doctrine of Lapse
Under Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor-General from 1848 to 1856 the final wave of
annexations occurred. The Doctrine of Lapse is a policy devised by him which declared that
if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would “lapse”, that is, become part of
Company territory. In 1856, the Company took over Awadh. Enraged by the humiliating way
in which the Nawab was deposed, the people of Awadh joined the great revolt that broke out
in 1857.

Setting up a New Administration

Warren Hastings (Governor-General from 1773 to 1785) played a significant role in the
expansion of Company power. During his time, the Company had acquired power in Bengal,
Bombay and Madras. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called
Presidencies. There were three Presidencies: Bengal, Madras and Bombay. Each was ruled by
a Governor. From 1772 a new system of justice was established. According to the new
system,

each district needed to have two courts – a criminal court ( faujdari adalat ) and a civil court
(diwani adalat).
The Brahman pandits have different interpretations of local laws based on different schools
of the dharmashastra. To bring uniformity, in 1775 eleven pandits were asked to compile a
digest of Hindu laws. By 1778 a code of Muslim laws was also compiled for the benefit of
European judges. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme Court was established,
while a court of appeal – the Sadar Nizamat Adalat – was also set up at Calcutta. The
Collector was the principal figure in an Indian district. His job was to collect revenue and
taxes and maintain law and order in his district with the help of judges, police officers and
darogas.
The Company army
In India, colonial rule brought some new ideas of administration and reform. The Mughal
army composed of cavalry (sawars: trained soldiers on horseback) and infantry, that is, paidal
(foot) soldiers. The army of the Mughal was dominated by cavalry. In the eighteenth century,
changes occurred when Mughal successor states like Awadh and Benaras started recruiting
peasants into their armies and training them as professional soldiers.
The East India Company adopted the same method which came to be known as the sepoy
army (from the Indian word sipahi, meaning soldier). In the early nineteenth century, the
British began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were subjected to European-
style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life far more than before.

Conclusion
The East India Company was transformed from a trading company to a territorial colonial
power. In the early nineteenth century, new steam technology arrived. By 1857 the Company
came to exercise direct rule over about 63 per cent of the territory and 78 percent of the
population of the Indian subcontinent.

WORKSHEET 2020 – 2021

1. The east India Company came to India for the purpose of ______________.
2. After the defeat at Plassey, Sirajuddaulah was assassinated and __________________
was made the Nawab.
3. Lord Wellesley introduced the ______________________.
4. The first English factory was set up on the banks of river _________________in
1651.
5. A royal edict or a royal order is also known as a ________________.
6. What do you mean by “Subsidiary Alliance”?
7. Who initiated the policy of “Paramountancy”? What did this policy state?
8. Give three reasons for the Battle of Plassey.

9. On an outline map , locate and mark the following –

a. Calcutta
b. Bombay
c. Madras
10. What attracted the European trading companies to India?
11. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies.
Explain.
12. Give a brief note on the wars between the Marathas and the British East India
Company.
13. What reforms were bought by the British to improve the military administration of
India? Explain.
14. Explain the policy of “Doctrine of Lapse” and write two names of the kingdom that
were annexed under this policy.
15. How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?
 M.G.D. GIRLS’ SCHOOL
Home Study
CLASS –VIII
SUBJECT- PHYSICAL EDUCATION and ART

Physical Education:
 This activity is to be done till 20th April,20
 Make project on one game and sports-Kho-Kho, Kabaddi, Taekwondo and
Swimming

1. Show your creativity in project presentation.

2.Project to be done neatly in a scrap book to be assessed and evaluated.

3. Write about the history of the games and sports.

4.Mention all rules and regulations of the game and sports

5.Write any five names of national and international players along with their photographs.

6. Play(Indoor games like Carom,Chess,Gutte ,Snakes and ladders , Ludo )one hour every
day for your mental and physical fitness.

7 .Do 15-20 minutes stretching exercises/skipping.

Class 8th Sculpture

Students to Note:

1. This Activity is to be done by 20th April

2. If you don’t have colourful sheets then you can use Newspaper in place of them.
3. If you are using scissor for your activity, kindly do it under the supervision of your
parents.
4. In case any query please contact on this mail ID : sculpture8mgd@gmail.com

Topics for April

1. How to make rose flower from tissue paper or newspaper

Material required: Glue, Newspaper/Tissue Paper, Scale and Thin Stick

Video Link: https://youtu.be/d3SCksApLb8

2. How to make paper/ newspaper umbrella

Material required: Paper/Newspaper, Glue, Thin Stick and Scissor

Video Link: https://youtu.be/WgPQHOPPkA4