Dr Vince’s Physics: Grade 10, Chapter 01to06 2h Test 01 (25-G10-1to6-2h-01)

Time allowed: 113 min; Answer ALL Questions: Pass ≥ 86 %, Distinction ≥ 95 %

1. Are the following statements True (or) False? [10 marks]
(i) The shortest lifetime of an elementary particle is ~ 1023 s. False [1]
(ii) According to the Textbook, digital stopwatches can measure up to 0.001 s. False [1]
(iii) The gravitational force acts between objects having mass. True [1]
(iv) The frictional force is not a fundamental force. True [1]
(v) The density of an object depends on temperature. True [1]
(vi) When an object is placed in a liquid of a higher density, the object sinks False [1]
(vii) Any kind of energy can be changed from one form to another. True [1]
(viii) The total fossil energy of the earth is constant. False [1]
(ix) Alcohol has a higher freezing point than mercury. False [1]
(x) The unit of heat is the same as the unit of work done. True [1]
2. Fill in the blanks. [15 marks]
(i) Since 1983, a metre has been defined based on the _______. velocity of light [1]
(ii) The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of _______ in it. matter [1]
(iii) Using the _______ method, a vector may be represented by an arrow. graphical [1]
(iv) The speed at a particular instant of time is referred to as the _______ speed. instantaneous [1]
(v) The physics describing motion is called _______. kinematics [1]
(vi) The _______ force causes the bodies above the earth's surface to fall. gravitational [1]
(vii) The volume of an [irregular] object can be measured using a _______. measuring cylinder [1]
(viii) Relative density is how much a substance is denser than _______. water [1]
(ix) Relative density is also known as _______. specific gravity [1]
(x) Energy is the capacity to do _______. work [1]
(xi) The energy possessed by a body is measured by the amount of _______. work done [1]
(xii) The energy acquired by a body due to its motion is called _______ energy. kinetic [1]
(xiii) _______ is the quantity that determines how cold or how hot the object is. temperature [1]
(xiv) To measure the temperature accurately, we use ________. thermometer [1]
(xv) Temperature is a measure of the _______ energy of molecules. internal [1]
3. Choose the correct answer. Just write the question number and the correct letter. [15 marks]
(i) The weight of a body is measured using a _______ balance. C [1]
(A. digital, B. sliding mass, C. spring)
(ii) _______ can be used to measure the depth of a cup accurately. B [1]
(A. metre rule, B. vernier clippers, C. screw gauge)
(iii) The speedometer of a car indicates the _______ speed of the car. A [1]
(A. instantaneous, B. average, C. constant)
(iv) If a body is in uniform motion, the _______ is zero. C [1]
(A. instantaneous velocity, B. speed, C. acceleration)
(v) Satellites are kept in their circular orbit by the gravitational attraction of the _______. A [1]
(A. earth, B. moon, C. sun)
(vi) Equation of motion under _______ can be used in the free fall. B [1]
(A. constant velocity, B. constant acceleration, C. varying acceleration)
(vii) The physical quantity that does not change with temperature is _______. C [1]
(A. density, B. volume, C. mass)
(viii) The relative density of ice is _______. A [1]
(A. less than 1, B. greater than 1, C. equal to 1)
(ix) If a body floats in water, its relative density _______. A [1]
(A. is less than 1, B. cannot be determined, C. is greater than 1)
(x) When the direction of the force and the direction of motion are opposite, the work is _______. B [1]
(A. maximum, B. negative, C. zero)
(xi) While a body is falling from some height, its ________ energy is increasing. B [1]
(A. potential, B. kinetic, C. total mechanical)
(xii) The one which is not a form of energy is the _______. C [1]
(A. light comes from the sun, B. heat radiated from the sun, C. sun)
(xiii) The ice point of water at normal atmospheric pressure is _______. B [1]
(A. 0 K , B. 0 °C , C. 0 °F)
(xiv) Heat flows between two objects because of _______ difference. B [1]
(A. heat, B. temperature, C. mass)
(xv) If the ice point is -32 °F, it is a _______ scale thermometer. C [1]
(A. Centigrade, B. Fahrenheit, C. none of these)
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4. (a, i) Define the resolution of a vector and vector components. If a vector inclines 50° to the x-axis,
compare the magnitude of the x-component and the y-component.
Ans: The process of sub-dividing a vector into two or more vectors is called the resolution of a vector. [1]
The new vectors obtained from the resolution of a vector are called vector components of the
[1]
original vector.
The y-component will be larger. [F sin 50° > F cos 50°] [1]
4. (a, ii) A boat travels east at 10 km h-1 in a river that flows south at 4 km h-1. Find the boat’s velocity
relative to the riverbank (the earth).
Ans: v  
-1 -1
boat = 10 km h (east), vriver = 4 km h (south),
v =?
   vboat
v = vboat + vriver θ vriver
  v
Since vboat and vriver are perpendicular to each other,

v =( vboat ) + ( vriver ) =102 + 42 = 10.77 km h-1

2 2
[1, 1]
−1 vriver 4
=θ tan
= tan −1 = 21° 48′ (south of east) [1, 1]
vboat 10
4. (b, i) Define average speed, average velocity, instantaneous speed, and instantaneous velocity.
The average speed is the ratio of the total distance (travelled) to the time taken. [1]
The average velocity is the ratio of the total displacement to the time taken. [1]
The instantaneous speed is defined as the time rate of change of distance. [1]
The instantaneous velocity is defined as the time rate of change of displacement. [1]
4 (b, ii) A car is travelling with a constant velocity of 36 km h-1. The driver applies the brakes as he sees a
cow which is at a distance of 30 m from the car. Find the acceleration of the car if it stops 10 m in
front of the cow. What is the time needed to stop?
Ans: vo = 36 km h-1 = 10 m s-1, v = 0, s = 20 m

v 2 − v0 2 0 − 100
=a = = -2.5 m s-2 [1, 1]
2s 40
v − v0 0 − 10
= t = =4s [1, 1]
a −2.5
5. (a, i) State three laws of motion introduced by Newton in words only.
Ans: When no net external force acts upon it, a particle at rest will remain at rest and a particle in
[1]
motion at a constant velocity will continue to move with the same constant velocity.
The net external force acting upon a particle is equal to the product of the mass and the
[1]
acceleration of the particle.
Whenever two particles interact, the force exerted by the second on the first is equal in
[1]
magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the first on the second.
5. (a, ii) If the velocity of a car of l200 kg mass going to the east decreases from 90 km h-1 to 36 km h-1
in 10 s, what is the net force acting on the car? What is the rate of change of momentum?
Ans: v − v0 10 − 25
=a = = -1.5 m s-2 [1]
t 10
F = ma = 1200 × (-1.5) = - 1800 N (west) [1, 1]
Rate of change of momentum = net force = - 1800 N (west) [1]
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5. (b, i) Define pressure, density, and relative density. Is the density of water always a constant?
Ans: Pressure is the force per unit area. [1]
Density is mass per unit volume. [1]
The relative density of a body is the ratio of its density to the density of water at 4 °C. [1]
No. (It varies with temperature) [1]
5. (b, ii) An alloy is made by mixing 360 g of copper, of density 9 g cm-3, with 80 g of iron, of density
8 g cm-3. Find the relative density of the alloy. Will this alloy float in water?
mtotal = mcopper + miron = 360 + 80 = 440 g
mcopper miron 360 80
Vtotal = Vcopper + Viron = + = + = 50 cm3 [1]
ρcopper ρiron 9 8

mtotal 440
ρ=
total = = 8.8 g cm-3 [1]
Vtotal 50

ρ total 8.8
=
RD = = 8.8 [1]
ρ water 1
No. (because RD > 1) [1]
6. (a, i) (i) Give three examples of elastic potential energy.
Stretched or compressed spring, stretched rubber band, bent plastic ruler [1, 1, 1]
6. (a, ii) (ii) A 200 g plastic ball is dropped from 10 m high and rebounds to 4 m high. How much energy is
lost as it strikes the ground? Will the velocities of the ball at 2 m when it falls, and when it rebounds
be the same?
E10 m = PE10 m = mgh = 0.2 × 10 × 10 = 20 J [1]
E4 m = PE4 m = mgh = 0.2 × 10 × 4 = 8 J [1]
Elost = 12 J [1]
No. [1]
6. (b, i) Explain the temperature, heat, and thermometric properties of a liquid-in-glass thermometer,
and thermocouple thermometers.
Temperature is the quantity that determines how cold or how hot the object is. [1]
The energy exchanged between an object and its surroundings due to different temperatures is
[1]
defined as heat.
The thermometric property of a liquid-in-glass thermometer is the thermal expansion of the
[1]
liquid.
Thermocouple thermometers are electrical thermometers which make use of the voltage that
[1]
develops when two different metals are in contact. This voltage varies with temperature.
6. (b, ii) If the temperature of a room increases by 9 °F, what will be the change in temperature on the
Centigrade scale, as well as on the Kelvin scale?
∆TF = T2 °F - T1 °F = 9 °F
5 5 5 5
∆TC = (T2 -32) °C - (T1 -32) °C = (T2 – T1) °C = (9) °C = 5 °C [1, 1]
9 9 9 9
∆TK = T2 K - T1 K = (T2 + 273) K - (T1 + 273) K = (T2 – T1) K = 5 K [1, 1]
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7. (a, i) Can we add up the masses of two bodies? Can we add up the volumes of two bodies? Can we
add up the densities of the two bodies?
Yes. Yes. No. [1, 1, 1]
7. (a, ii) A man throws a stone vertically upward at 30 m s-1. How long does it take the stone to reach
40 m? What are the velocities of the stone at those times? Are the displacements at those times
the same? Are the distance travelled at those times the same?
h = v0 t + ½ gt2
40 = 30 × t + ½ × (-10) × t2
t2 – 6t + 8 = 0
(t – 2) (t – 4) = 0
t = 2 s (OR) t = 4 s [1]
At 2 s, v = v0 + gt = 30 – 10 × 2 = + 10 m s-1 (upward) [1]
At 4 s, v = v0 + gt = 30 – 10 × 4 = - 10 m s-1 (downward) [1]
Displacements are the same, but the distances are not the same. The distance at 4 s is greater. [1]
7. (b, i) At what temperature will the reading of the temperature on the Fahrenheit scale and Centigrade
scale show the same number? What is that temperature on the Kelvin scale?
Let TF = N °F, TC = N °C
TF = 1.8 TC + 32 [1]
N = 1.8 N + 32
−0.8 N = 32
N = −40
The temperature on the Fahrenheit scale TF = −40 °F [1]
The temperature on the Celsius scale TC = −40 °C [1]
The temperature on the Kelvin scale TK = TC + 273 = 233 K [1]
-1
7. (b, ii) (ii) A 2 kg body is initially moving with a velocity of 2 m s on a frictionless horizontal surface.
A force is acted on it, and the velocity increases to 6 m s-1 after sliding 4 m. Find the net force
acted using the work-energy principle. Does this force depend on the work done?
W = ∆KE [1]
F s = ½ mv2 - ½ mv02 [1]
F × 4 = 0.5 × 2 × (62 – 22)
F=8N [1]
No. [1]