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Lecture 04

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21 views12 pages

Lecture 04

Uploaded by

rajputadili786
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© © All Rights Reserved
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School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME)

Mechanical Vibrations ME-421

Dr. Mian Ashfaq Ali


Free Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom
Systems (SDOF)

A system is said to undergo free vibration when it oscillates only


under an initial disturbance with no external forces acting after
the initial disturbance
Introduction – SDOF

One coordinate (x) is sufficient to specify the position of


the mass at any time
There is no external force applied to the mass
Since there is no element that causes dissipation of
energy during the motion of the mass, the amplitude of
motion remains constant with time, undamped system
If the amplitude of the free vibration diminished
gradually over time due to the resistance the resistance
offered by the surrounding medium, the system are
said to be damped
Introduction – SDOF (cont’d.)

Examples of free vibration of SDOF:


Oscillations of the pendulum of a grandfather clock
The vertical oscillatory motion felt by a bicyclist after hitting a
road bump
The swing of a child on a swing under an initial push
Examples of SDOF
Examples of SDOF (cont’d.)
Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System

Equation of Motion using Newton’s Second Law


Select a suitable coordinate to describe the position of the mass or rigid
body
Determine the static equilibrium configuration of the system and measure
the displacement of the mass or rigid body
Draw the free body diagram of the mass or rigid body when a positive
displacement and velocity are given
Apply Newton’s second law of motion
Newton’s second law

For a rigid body undergoing rotational motion


Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System

Considering an undamped SDOF system

Equation of motion comes out to be


Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System

Same Equation of Motion can be obtained using


other methods
D’Alembert’s Principle
Principle of Virtual Displacements
Principle of Conservation of Energy
Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System

Equation of motion of a Spring-


Mass System in Vertical Position

Using “W” in above


Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System: Solution

The solution of above ODE can be found assuming,

substituting

The general solution,


Free Vibration of an Undamped Translation System: Solution

Using,

A and C can be determined from the initial conditions


If displacement x(t) and velocity x’(t)are specified as x0 and x’0 at t = 0. Then,

Now, solution is given by:

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