AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced

Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 1 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair

Example 2.7: Determine the moment resistance of the doubly reinforced section shown
in the figure below. d = 500 mm, d2 = 50 mm, C20/25 and S300.

Step 1: Design Values ( Changing the characteristic value to design value)

EN 1992
Formula 3.15

for persistent and transient design situation: EN 1992


Table 2.1N

EN 1992
Section 3.1.6
British National
NB: Take
Annex

Step 2: Assume the type of failure

Assume tension failure with crushing of concrete and all of the provided steel has
yielded.
Step 3: Draw the strain profile corresponding to the type of failure and use the EN 1992
similarity of triangles to develop a relationship between the unknown strain Figure 6.1
and the neutral axis.

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 1

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 1 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair
NB: The limiting
value for
is
taken from
British National
Annex

From Similarity of Triangle

3.5   s1 3.5 x 3.5 (1)
   kx 
d x d 3.5   s1

3.5  3.5  x  50  (2)

 s2  s2 
x x  50 x
Step 4: Use the equation of alpha corresponding to the assumption in step 2 and the
relationship developed in step 3 to calculate the unknown strain.

From equilibrium of forces,

But: and Ts  As1fyd

c 
 2581  645   260.87  0.318 (3)
11.33  280  500
 3  2 
For  cm   c 2 ,  c  k x  cm 
 3 cm 
Substituting kx from Eqn (1),
 3.5  3 cm  2 
c    
 3.5   s1  3 cm 
 3.5   3 * 3.5  2 
c    
 3.5   s1   3 * 3.5 
 8.5 
c   
 10.5  3 s1 

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 2

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 1 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair
10.5c  3 s1c  8.5
8.5  10.5c 8.5  10.5 * 0.318
 s1    5.41
3c 3 * 0.318

Thus,  s1  5.41 ‰

3.5 3.5
kx    0.3928 and x  196.41mm
3.5   s1 3.5  5.41

3.5  x  50  3.5 196.41  50 

s2    2.609 ‰
x 196.41
Step 5: Check if the assumption in step 2 is correct and if it is, proceed to step 8. If the
assumption is not correct, repeat step 2 to 5 with another assumption.
260.87
 yd   1.304 ‰
200  103
 s1  5.41 ‰ >  yd

 s 2  2.609 ‰ >  yd

Both of the assumptions are correct

Step 6: Calculate the value of beta
   3 cm  4   2  
For  cm   c 2 , c  k x  cm  
 2 cm  3 cm  2   


Substituting the values of kx and εcm yields , βc = 0.1634

Step 7: Calculate the moment resistance
M  s fcd bd 2 1 c   As 2fyd  d  d2 

M  0.318  11.33  280  5002 1 0.1634  645 * 260.87 * (500  50)

M  286.712 kNm

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair

Example 2.8: Repeat Example 2.7 by taking As1  1804 mm2 and C30/37

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 3

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair

Step 1: Design Values ( Changing the characteristic value to design value)

EN 1992
Formula 3.15

for persistent and transient design situation: EN 1992


Table 2.1N

EN 1992
Section 3.1.6
British National
NB: Take
Annex

Step 2: Assume the type of failure

Assume tension failure with crushing of concrete and all of the provided steel has
yielded.
Step 3: Draw the strain profile corresponding to the type of failure and use the EN 1992
similarity of triangles to develop a relationship between the unknown strain Figure 6.1
and the neutral axis.

NB: The limiting

value for
is

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 4

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair
taken from British
National Annex

From Similarity of Triangle

3.5   s 3.5 x 3.5 (1)
   kx 
d x d 3.5   s1

3.5  3.5  x  50  175 (2)

 s2  s2  x
x x  50 x or d ( s 2  3.5)
Step 4: Use the equation of alpha corresponding to the assumption in step 2 and the
relationship developed in step 3 to calculate the unknown strain.

From equilibrium of forces,

But: and Ts  As1fyd

c 
1804  645   260.87  0.127 (3)
17  280  500
 3  2 
For  cm   c 2 ,  c  k x  cm 
 3 cm 
Substituting kx from Eqn (1),
 3.5  3 cm  2 
c    
 3.5   s1  3 cm 
 3.5   3 * 3.5  2 
c    
 3.5   s1   3 * 3.5 
 8.5 
c   
 10.5  3 s1 

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 5

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair
10.5c  3 s1c  8.5
8.5  10.5c 8.5  10.5 * 0.127
 s1    18.81
3 c 3 * 0.127

Thus,  s1  18.81 ‰

3.5 3.5
kx    0.157 and x  78.44 mm
3.5   s 3.5  18.81

3.5  x  50  3.5 117.726  50 

s2    1.269 ‰
x 117.726
Step 5: Check if the assumption in step 2 is correct and if it is, proceed to step 8. If the
assumption is not correct, repeat step 2 to 5 with another assumption.
260.87
 yd   1.304 ‰
200  103
 s1  18.81 ‰ >  yd
the assumption is correct!

 s 2  1.269 ‰ <  yd the assumptions is not correct!

Trial 2
Assume As1 has yielded and As 2 has not.

From equilibrium of forces,

But: and Ts  As1fyd

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 6

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair
1804  260.87  645 *  s 2 *103 * 200 *103 470609.48  129000 s 2 (3)
c  
17  280  500 2380000
 3  2 
For  cm   c 2 ,  c  k x  cm 
 3 cm 
x  3  2 
 c   cm 
d  3 cm 

Substituting x from Eqn (2),

175  3 cm  2 
c   
d ( s 2  3.5)  3 cm 

175  3 * 3.5  2 
c 
500( s 2  3.5)  3 * 3.5 
1487.5
c 
5250( s 2  3.5)

From eqn (3)

470609.48  129000 s 2
c 
2380000
470609.48  129000 s 2 1487.5

2380000 5250( s 2  3.5)
 470609.48  129000 s 2  5250( s 2  3.5)  2380000 * 1487.5
2380000 * 1487.5
 470609.48  129000 s 2  ( s 2  3.5) 
5250
470609.48 s 2  1647133.12  129000 s 2  451500 s 2  674333.33
2

129000 s 22  922109.48 s 2  972799.79  0

Solving the quadratic equation results
 s 2  1.2865 ‰ <  yd ………………………………ok!
175 175
kx    0.158 x  79.06 mm
d ( s 2  3.5) 500(1.2865  3.5)
Substituting kx in equation (1),
 s1  18.65 ‰ >  yd …………………………………..ok!

Step 6: Calculate the value of beta

   3 cm  4   2  
For  cm   c 2 , c  k x  cm  
 2 cm  3 cm  2   


Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 7

 AAiT, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Reinforced
Concrete I

Cross-Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete beam section for flexure

Example 2 of 2
Prepared by: Concrete materials and structures chair

Substituting the values of kx and εcm yields , βc = 0.0657

Step 7: Calculate the moment resistance
M  s fcd bd 2 1 c   As 2fyd  d  d2 

1487.5
c   0.128
But 5250( s 2  3.5)

M  0.128  17  280  5002 1 0.0657  645 * 200 *1.2865 * (500  50)

M  216.99 kNm

Examples on analysis of Doubly reinforced sections Page 8