Introduction to Cyber Security

(FCS)

Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani- 263139

Toll Free Number: 18001804025
Email: info@uou.ac.in
http://uou.ac.in
 Index
1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1 HISTORY OF INTERNET ..................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1.1 Internet Addresses ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.1.2 DNS .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.1.1.3 Internet Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.1.1.4 World Wide Web ............................................................................................................................. 14

1.2 INTRODUCTION TO CYBER CRIME ............................................................................................................. 15

1.2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES ................................................................................................................... 16

1.2.2 REASONS FOR COMMISSION OF CYBER CRIMES .................................................................................................. 18

1.3 MALWARE AND ITS TYPE .......................................................................................................................... 19

1.3.1 ADWARE ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

1.3.2 SPYWARE .................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.3 BROWSER HIJACKING SOFTWARE...................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.4 VIRUS......................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.5 WORMS ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.3.6 TROJAN HORSE ............................................................................................................................................ 20
1.3.7 SCAREWARE ................................................................................................................................................ 21

1.4 KINDS OF CYBER CRIME ............................................................................................................................ 21

1.4.1 CYBER STALKING .......................................................................................................................................... 21

1.4.2 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.3 FORGERY AND COUNTERFEITING ...................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.4 SOFTWARE PIRACY AND CRIME RELATED TO IPRS ............................................................................................... 22
1.4.5 CYBER TERRORISM ........................................................................................................................................ 22
1.4.6 PHISHING .................................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.7 COMPUTER VANDALISM ................................................................................................................................ 22
1.4.8 COMPUTER HACKING .................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.9 CREATING AND DISTRIBUTING VIRUSES OVER INTERNET......................................................................................... 23
1.4.10 SPAMMING ............................................................................................................................................... 23
1.4.11 CROSS SITE SCRIPTING ................................................................................................................................. 23
1.4.12 ONLINE AUCTION FRAUD ............................................................................................................................. 24
1.4.13 CYBER SQUATTING ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.14 LOGIC BOMBS ............................................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.15 WEB JACKING ............................................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.16 INTERNET TIME THEFTS ............................................................................................................................... 24

4
 1.4.17 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK.......................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.18 SALAMI ATTACK ......................................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.19 DATA DIDDLING ......................................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.20 EMAIL SPOOFING........................................................................................................................................ 25

2.1 AUTHENTICATION .................................................................................................................................... 26

2.2 ENCRYPTION............................................................................................................................................. 27

2.3 DIGITAL SIGNATURES ............................................................................................................................... 28

2.4 ANTIVIRUS ................................................................................................................................................ 29

2.5 FIREWALL ................................................................................................................................................. 30

2.6 STEGANOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1 COMPUTER FORENSICS ............................................................................................................................ 33

3.2 WHY SHOULD WE REPORT CYBER CRIME? ................................................................................................ 36

4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 40

4.2 SOME RECENT CYBER CRIME INCIDENTS .................................................................................................. 40

5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 47

5.2 COUNTER CYBER SECURITY INTIATIVES IN INDIA ...................................................................................... 47

6.1 GENERATING SECURE PASSWORD ............................................................................................................ 52

6.1.1 GUIDELINE FOR SETTING SECURE PASSWORD ...................................................................................................... 52

6.2 USING PASSWORD MANAGER .................................................................................................................. 55

6.2.1 WHAT IS A PASSWORD MANAGER? .................................................................................................................. 56

6.2.2 WHY YOU SHOULD USE IT? ............................................................................................................................. 56
6.2.3 HOW DOES IT WORK? .................................................................................................................................... 56
6.2.4 SOME POPULAR PASSWORD MANAGERS ............................................................................................................ 56

6.3 ENABLING TWO-STEP VERIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 62

6.4 SECURING COMPUTER USING FREE ANTIVIRUS ........................................................................................ 72

7.1 CONFIGURING FIREWALL ON MAC COMPUTER ........................................................................................ 75

7.1.1 TURNING ON AND CONFIGURING THE MAC OS X FIREWALL.................................................................................. 75

7.2 WORKING WITH WINDOWS FIREWALL IN WINDOWS .............................................................................. 78

7.2.1 FIREWALL IN WINDOWS 7 .............................................................................................................................. 78

7.2.2 CONFIGURING WINDOWS FIREWALL ................................................................................................................ 79
7.2.3 HOW TO START & USE THE WINDOWS FIREWALL WITH ADVANCED SECURITY .......................................................... 83