Republic of Rwanda

Module Code: GENGD301

Module Name: basic graphic design
Date: ………./……/……2024
Ministry of Education Period: 09H00 – 12H00 PM
Eastern Province
Kirehe District

END OF TERM II EXAMINATIONS

QUESTION PAPER

SECTOR: ICT AND MULTMEDIA

RTQF LEVEL: LEVEL III

TRADES: SOD

MARKS: /100

DURATION: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

This Exam paper is composed of Three Sections (A, B, C). Follow the
instructions given below, and answer the indicated questions for a
total of 100marks

Section A: Seventeen (17) questions, all Compulsory 55 marks

Section B: Among the five (5) questions, attempt any three (3)30 marks

Section C: Among the two (2) questions, attempt any one (1)15 marks

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SECTION: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS [55MARKS]

1. Define clearly these terms as are used in Graphic design. /5Marks

a. Image: is a picture or visual representation that was created or copied
and stored in electronic form.
b. Photo retouching: is a set of manipulations performed on a digital
image to improve it visually or to adjust its technical qualities
c. Portrait: is a portrayal of a person, usually showing the person's face
(but not always).
2. List any five common raster formats. /5Marks

• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

• PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
• TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
• BMP (Bitmap)
• PSD (Adobe Photoshop Document)
• RAW (Camera RAW Image)
• TGA (Truevision Graphics Adapter)
• WebP
3. Outline the three-color modes. /3marks

• RGB (Red, Green, Blue):

• CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black):
• Grayscale:
• Indexed Color
4. State at least 3 graphic design tools/3marks
• Adobe Photoshop
• Adobe Illustrator
• Adobe InDesign
• Adobe XD
• Sketch
• Figma
• Affinity Designer
• CorelDRAW
• Canva
• Procreate
5. What graphic designers do? /2Marks
They are some common tasks and responsibilities of graphic designers:
✓ Conceptualizing and Creating Designs
✓ Using Design Software

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 ✓ Creating Logos and Branding Materials

✓ Designing Marketing Collateral

✓ Website and App Design
✓ Typography and Layout Design
✓ Illustration and Image Editing
✓ Collaborating with Clients and Team Members
✓ Staying Updated with Design Trends
6. Managing Projects and Deadlines What are photoshop presets?
/3marks
Photoshop presets are predefined settings or configurations that can be
applied to various elements within Adobe Photoshop to achieve specific
effects or styles more efficiently. They are essentially pre-configured
adjustments, filters, or configurations that users can save and reuse across
different projects or images.
7. State three Drawing Soft wares you know? /3Marks
✓ Adobe Photoshop
✓ Adobe Illustrator
✓ Adobe InDesign
✓ Adobe XD
✓ Sketch
✓ Figma
✓ Affinity Designer
✓ CorelDRAW
✓ Canva
✓ Procreate
✓ Autodesk SketchBook

8. Mention Software tools you know /3Marks

Graphic Design:
✓ Adobe Photoshop
✓ Adobe Illustrator
✓ Adobe InDesign
✓ Affinity Designer
✓ CorelDRAW
✓ Canva
UI/UX Design:

✓ Adobe XD
✓ Sketch
✓ Figma

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 ✓ InVision
✓ Axure RP
✓ Marvel App
Video Editing:
✓ Adobe Premiere Pro
✓ Final Cut Pro
✓ DaVinci Resolve
✓ Sony Vegas Pro
✓ Avid Media Composer
✓ HitFilm Pro
9. What are photoshop presets? /3Marks
Presets are a collection of edits that are recorded as a batch and can be
applied to an image (or multiple images) with just one click. Presets save
you valuable time that would otherwise be spent behind a computer
performing repetitive and tedious edits, and help you edit your images with
speed, consistency, and elegance.
10. Name the following: /9Marks

Answer:
A: Toolbox
B. Pen Tool tool
C: Gradient tool
D: Artboard
E: Menu bar
F: Palettes
11. We know that raster and vector are major graphic file formats, give two
examples for each / 4 marks.
Raster Image Formats:

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 ✓ JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group)
✓ PNG Portable Network Graphics

Vector Image Formats:

✓ SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics
✓ AI (Adobe Illustrator Artwork
12. Discuss about classifications of typefaces. /5marks
✓ Serif: Serif typefaces have small lines (serifs) attached to the ends of
characters' strokes
✓ Sans-serif: Sans-serif typefaces do not have serifs, resulting in a
cleaner and more modern appearance
✓ Script: Script typefaces mimic handwriting or calligraphy, with
flowing and connected letterforms.
✓ Display: Display typefaces are designed for use at large sizes, such as
headlines, titles, and logos.
✓ Monospaced (Fixed-width): Monospaced typefaces have characters
with equal horizontal spacing, where each character takes up the
same amount of space.
13. For retouching an image, you need some software tools to be installed in
your machine. Mention at least 2 software tools you can choose from
/2Marks
Adobe Photoshop:
✓ Adobe Photoshop is one of the most widely used and comprehensive
image editing software available.
✓ It offers a vast array of tools and features for retouching, including
advanced selection tools, layers, masks, filters, and adjustment
layers.
✓ Photoshop is suitable for professional retouching tasks, such as photo
restoration, color correction, skin retouching, and compositing.
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program):
✓ GIMP is a free and open-source image editing software that provides
powerful features similar to Adobe Photoshop.
✓ It offers tools for retouching, including selection tools, layers, masks,
brushes, filters, and various transformation options.
✓ GIMP is suitable for users who need advanced retouching capabilities
but prefer a free alternative to commercial software.

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14. How can you retouch skin? /2Marks
✓ Removing Blemishes
✓ Reducing or Removing Wrinkles
✓ Removing Hot Spots
✓ Applying Digital Makeup
✓ Softening Skin

15. Portrait sharpeningHow can you retouch an eye? /3Marks

Answer:

✓ Increasing Contrast in the Iris

✓ Brightening the Whites of the Eyes
✓ Making Eyes Larger (or Smaller)
✓ Enhancing Eyelashes
✓ Creating Beautiful Eyebrows
✓ Brightening the Whites of the Eyes

SECTION B: ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS [30MARKS]

16. List and explain in brief any 5 graphic design principles /10Marks

Answer:

a) Balance: Balance is an equal distribution of weight. In terms of graphics,

this applies to visual weight. Balance is vital to the success of a design.

There are two main types of balance:

i) Symmetrical balance is an arrangement of elements so that they are evenly

distributed to the left and to the right, or top and bottom of center.

ii) Asymmetrical balance is an arrangement of unlike objects of equal weight

on each side of the page. Color, value, size, shape, and texture can be used
as balancing elements.

b) Proximity

The Principle of Proximity states that you group related items together, move
them physically close to each other so the related items are seen as one
cohesive group rather than a bunch of unrelated bits.

c) Alignment

The Principle of Alignment states, "Nothing should be placed on the page

arbitrarily. Every item should have a visual connection with something else
on the page."

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 When items are aligned, the result is a stronger cohesive unit. The basic
purpose of alignment is to unify and organize the page.

d) Repetition

The Principle of Repetition states, "Repeat some aspect of the design

throughout the entire piece." The repetitive element may be a bold font, a
thick line, a certain bullet, color, design element, particular format, spatial
relationship, etc.

e) Contrast

Contrast is the most effective way to add visual interest to your page. The
Principle of Contrast states, "If two items are not exactly the same, then
make them different. Really different

17. Identify graphic design steps /10Marks

Answer:

✓ Define Problem
✓ Research/generate ideas
✓ Identify criteria and constraints
✓ Explore possibilities
✓ Select an approach
✓ Develop a design proposal
✓ Construct a Model or prototype
✓ Test and evaluate
✓ Refine
✓ Create or make
✓ Communicate results

18. To perform image or portrait retouching you should know some images file
formats. What the following formats stand for /10 Marks

Answer:
✓ JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
✓ TIFF: Tagged Image File Format
✓ GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
✓ EPS: Encapsulated PostScript
✓ PNG: Portable Network Graphics
19. To work with photoshop you have to deal with panels. /10Marks
a) how to switch between panels?

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 To switch between panels in a group, click on the tab you want to see,
to switch back click on another tab you it to be displayed.
b) how to change the order of panels?
To rearrange the panels in a group, click on a panel's tab. Then, with
your mouse button still held down, drag the tab left or right. Release
your mouse button to drop the panel into place.
c) how to move between group?
To move a panel from one group to another, click on the panel's tab.
Then, with your mouse button held down, drag the tab into the new
group.
d) how to create new panel group?
To create a new panel group, click and hold on a panel's tab in an
existing group. Then, drag the panel out of the group and drop it into a
new location outside of any other group.
e) how to collapse and expand panel group?
✓ To collapse a panel group, double-click on any tab in the group.
This will collapse all panels in the group regardless of which tab
you clicked on.
✓ To expand a group that you've collapsed to make the panels
visible, click once on any tab in the group.
20. With adobe illustrator: /10Marks
a) how to restore preferences?
Press and hold Alt+Control+Shift (Windows) or Option+Command+Shift
(macOS) as you start Illustrator
b) how to rename or duplicate a workspace?
✓ Choose Window > Workspace > Manage Workspaces.
✓ Do any of the following, and then click OK:
• To rename a workspace, select it, and edit the text.
• To duplicate a workspace, select it, and click the New button.
c) how to show or hide guides?
To show or hide guides, choose View > Guides > Show Guides or View >
Guides > Hide Guides.
d) how to create an artboard?
To show or hide guides, choose View > Guides > Show Guides or View >
Guides > Hide Guides.
e) how to merge shapes?

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 To do so, you will need to open the pathfinder tool. To find it, go to Window
> Pathfinder, and the toolbox will pop up.

Select the objects that you want to merge, then select Merge from the
pathfinder toolbox.

SECTION C: ATTEMPT ONE QUESTION [15MARKS]

23. When we are using Adobe Photoshop, we deal with many shortcuts.
Give the functions of the following:/ 15marks

A. Ctrl + R = Show/Hide Rulers

B. Ctrl + O = Open File
C. Ctrl + D = Deselect
D. Ctrl + T = Free Transform
E. Ctrl + S = Save
F. Ctrl + P = Print
G. Ctrl + H = Hide/Show Extras
H. Ctrl + P = Preferences
I. Ctrl + Alt + I = Image Size
J. Ctrl + W = Close File
K. Ctrl + Alt + Shift = Toggle between available tools
L. Shift + Alt + Z = Step Forward (in History)
M. Ctrl + Z = Undo
N. Ctrl + Alt + Z = Step Backward (in History)
O. Ctrl + N = New File

24.

a. What's the Difference between Photo Retouching and Editing?

Photo Editing: Photo editing is a broad term encompassing various
techniques to enhance or manipulate digital images. It involves making
basic adjustments such as cropping, resizing, and color correction,
and more advanced techniques like compositing multiple images and
creating photo manipulations. Photo editing is typically used to
improve an image’s overall look and feel and make it more visually
appealing.

Photo Retouching: On the other hand, photo retouching is a more

specialized technique that involves making minor, localized
adjustments to an image to improve its appearance. Retouching is

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 typically used to remove imperfections or enhance specific areas of an
image, such as the skin or hair.
b. How to Retouch a Photo in Photoshop?
As we have described above that retouching is the next step of editing,
which means that your photos need to be improved for imperfections.
So during retouching, you need to focus on the skin, facial features
and hair.

Adobe Photoshop, or "PS" for short, is an image processing software

developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Photoshop mainly deals
with digital images made up of pixels. With its many tools, you can edit
your images effectively. It has many features that cover all aspects of
image, graphics, text, video even publishing etc.
c. How to save photoshop project?

To save an image from Photoshop, select File menu > Save As. In the
popup window, select the Removable Drive/USB Drive, give the file a
descriptive name, and select which File Format the image will be saved as.
If your project contains multiple layers you will it will need to be exported
of 'flattened' before it can be saved as a JPG or other image file.

…………………. All best ………………….

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