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Data Transformation Activity

The document describes two activities for transforming data using the natural log (ln). The first activity uses a dataset of oak tree ages and diameters. Taking the ln of ages and plotting it against diameters results in a linear regression model. This fits the data better than the original linear model. The second activity repeats the process using alligator length and weight data, finding that an exponential regression model fits the transformed data well. Key lessons are that taking the ln of variables can linearize relationships and help regression analyses capture patterns in data.

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426 views2 pages

Data Transformation Activity

The document describes two activities for transforming data using the natural log (ln). The first activity uses a dataset of oak tree ages and diameters. Taking the ln of ages and plotting it against diameters results in a linear regression model. This fits the data better than the original linear model. The second activity repeats the process using alligator length and weight data, finding that an exponential regression model fits the transformed data well. Key lessons are that taking the ln of variables can linearize relationships and help regression analyses capture patterns in data.

Uploaded by

teachopensource
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AP STATISTICS | Transforming data using the natural log | SHUBLEKA

   

Activity 1: Transforming data using the natural log of X.

1. The table below gives the age (in years) and the diameter (in inches) for twenty-seven oak trees.
Age Diameter Age Diameter
4 0.8 23 4.7
5 0.8 25 6.5
8 1 28 6
8 2 29 4.5
8 3 30 6
10 2 30 7
10 3.5 33 8
12 4.9 34 6.5
13 3.5 35 7
14 2.5 38 5
16 4.5 38 7
18 4.6 40 7.5
20 5.5 42 7.5
22 5.8
2. Look at a scatter plot of the data.
3. Analyze the regression model.
4. Take the natural log of the age, L1, and store in L3.
5. Graph the scatter plot (ln(age), diameter) (L3, L2).
6. Find the linear regression for L3, L2.
7. Graph the regression equation with the scatter plot.
8. Analyze the regression model of the form y = a + bx
9. Rewrite the equation to the form y = f ( x). Remember: x = ln(age) , so use substitution to
write your equation logarithmic form.
10. Enter this equation in Y2.
11. Graph Y2 on the scatter plot L1, L2.
12. How well is the data captured by this line?
13. Use the TRACE function to predict the diameter of an oak tree that is 24 years old.
14. Find the logarithmic regression for L1, L2.
15. How do the answers compare?
16. Note the values of r and r2 in the linear regression of the transformed data and in the logarithmic
regression of the original data.
17. How well does the line fit the data?
18. Plot the residuals.
19. How are the residuals grouped?
AP STATISTICS | Transforming data using the natural log | SHUBLEKA
   

Activity 2: Transforming Data using the Natural Log of Y


The table below contains the length (in inches) and the weight (in pounds) of twenty-five
alligators captured in Florida:
Length Weight Length Weight
94 130 88 70
74 51 72 61
147 640 74 54
58 28 61 44
86 80 90 106
94 110 89 84
63 33 68 39
86 90 76 42
69 36 114 197
72 38 90 102
128 366 78 57
85 84
82 80
86 83

Source: Burrill, et al. Modeling with Logarithms, 1999

Repeat the steps in the first activity using the given data and by transforming WEIGHT so that L3 =
LN (WEIGHT). Run exponential regression before the comparison step. Summarize what you have
learnt in these activities in two short paragraphs.

Related Mathematics:

1. Exponential Regression is of the form ln y = a + bx or y = e a +bx = e a ebx

Substituting e a = A, eb = B we get y = AB x as the TI-83 Plus shows.

2. Logarithmic Regression is of the form: y = a + b ln x or y = a + ln x b


3. Power Regression is of the form: ln y = a + b ln x
For some c, a = ln c and we get:
ln y = ln c + b ln x
ln y = ln c + ln x b
ln y = ln cx b
y = cx b
With a = c this becomes y = axb as the TI-83 Plus shows.

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