1.5 One-to-one-and-Inverse-Functions
1.5 One-to-one-and-Inverse-Functions
Functions
Learner's Module in General Mathematics
Quarter 1 ● Module 5 ● Week 5
JOPIE B. FERRER
Developer
Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020
“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
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This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City – Curriculum Implementation Division
(CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.
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What I Need to Know
Hello learner! This module was designed and written with you in mind.
Primarily, its scope is to (1) find the domain and range of a rational function; (2)
determine the intercepts, zeros, and asymptotes of rational function; and (3) solve
problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.
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This is an evaluation of what you have learned from
Post-Assessment
this learning material.
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What I Know
If you answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you may skip
studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice in
CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided. (15 points)
_____ 1. It is a function that satisfies both vertical and horizontal line tests.
A. Inverse B. One to many C. One-to-one D. Many to one
_____ 2. It is a function that has no two ordered pairs with the same second
coordinates.
A. Inverse B. One to many C. One-to-one D. Many to one
_____ 3. A function has an inverse function if it is a/ an:
A. Inverse B. One to many C. One-to-one D. Many to one
_____ 4. The inverse of a one-to-one function is a:
A. Function B. Relation C. One-to-one D. Rational
_____ 5. The inverse of a not one-to-one function is a:
A. Function B. Relation C. One-to-one D. Rational
_____ 6. The relation pairing an SSS member to his SSS number is an example of?
A. One-to-one function C. Many to one function
B. Inverse function D. One to many function
_____ 7. The domain of a one-to-one function is the _______ of its inverse.
A. -intercept B. -intercept C. Domain D. Range
_____ 8. The range of a one-to-one function is the _______ of its inverse.
A. -intercept B. -intercept C. Domain D. Range
_____ 9. The graphs of inverse functions are reflections of their one-to-one functions
through the line _______.
A. B. C. D.
_____ 10. Which of the following mathematical statements is/ are true?
I. ( ( ))
II. ( ( ))
A. I only B. I and II C. II only D. Neither I nor II
_____ 11. Arrange the following steps in finding the inverse of a one-to-one function.
I. Solve the equation for in terms of .
II. Interchange and y. The resulting equation is ( ).
III. Write ( ).
A. II, I, III B. III, II, I C. I, II, III D. III, I, II
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_____ 12. What is the inverse of ( )?
A. ( ) B ( ) C. D.
( ) ( )
A. C.
B. D.
_____ 15. Which of the following graph has the correct one-to-one and inverse
graphs?
A. C.
B. D.
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What’s In
Let us review first the mathematical terms or concepts or ideas that will help us
understand the main lesson.
In your English subject, you have learned antonyms like in the words good and bad.
In your Filipino subject, antonyms are called “mga salitang magkasalungat” like in
the words “malakas at mahina”. In pratical term, these are called opposites like in the
words male and female.
We also learned from the previous module that we use vertical line test to check if
the given graph is a function or not. Likewise, an arrow diagram or mapping is
another way of presenting a relation. Observe the different illustrations below.
A B A B A B
a 1 a 1 a 1
2 b b 2
b 3 c 3 c 3
In Figure 1, it is not a function. in set A has two mirror images, and in set B. It is
just simply a relation.
In Figure 2, it is a function. Each element or member in set A has exactly one mirror
image in set B.
In Figure 3, it is a function. Each element or member in set A has exactly one mirror
image in set B. Furthermore, each element in set A has one and only one image in
set B. This is called a one-to-one function.
Now that we already recalled important concepts to help us understand the next
lesson, let us start with an activity that collects your personal view on the given
question.
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What’s New
2.
1.
3. 4.
5. 6.
What’s In It
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ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS
Definition: The function is one-to-one if for any , in the domain of , then
( ) ( ) . That is, the same -value is never paired with two
different -values.
Example 1: The relation pairing of Baguio City National High School (BCNHS)
learner to his or her LRN (learner’s reference number).
Solution: Each learner of BCNHS is assigned to a unique LRN. Thus, the relation is
a function. Furthermore, two different learners cannot be assigned with
the same LRN. Thus, the function is one-to-one. Below is an example of
an arrow diagram for this situation.
Learner LRN
Petra 123456789111
Maria 123456789103
Juan 213456487623
Pedro 305264381312
Example 2: The relation pairing of a patient in Baguio General Hospital (BGH) to his
or her blood type.
Solution: Each patient in BGH has a unique blood type. Thus, the relation is a
function. Further, two different patients can have the same blood type.
Thus, the function is not one-to-one. Below is an example of an arrow
diagram for this situation.
Petra A
Maria
B
Juan
Pedro O
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Example 3: The relation pairing a distance (in kilometers) traveled along a given
jeepney route to the jeepney fare for traveling that distance.
Solution: The relation is a function since each distance traveled along a given
jeepney route has an official fare. In fact, the jeepney fare may be
represented by a piecewise function that we learned in our previous
module. Let say, the first four (4) kilometers, you will pay a regular fare of
and every succeeding integer kilometer, you will add .
However, the function is not one-to-one because 1-kilometer distance
has the same fare for 2-kilometer distance. Below is an example of an
arrow diagram for this situation.
1 km ₱9.00
2 km ₱9.00
4 km
5 km ₱10.50
Solution: The relation is not a function because a person can have dual citizenship.
That is, citizenship is not unique. This is just merely a relation.
Solution: Each Cordilleran has a unique finger print. No two persons have the same
finger print. Thus, this is an example of a one-to-one function.
One-to-
Relation Many-to-one Function One-to-one one
Function
Horizontal Line Test: A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line does not
intersect the graph at more than one point.
The Vertical and Horizontal Line Tests: All functions satisfy the vertical line test.
All one-to-one functions satisfy both the vertical and
horizontal line tests.
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Example 1:
Horizontal line
test
Graph
Example 2:
Horizontal line
test
Graph
The graph above is a function since The graph above is not a one-to-
it satisfies the vertical line test. one function since it does not
satisfy the horizontal line test.
From example 2, the horizontal line intersects the graph at 2 points, thus, it is not a
one-to-one function.
INVERSE FUNCTIONS
Definition: Functions and are inverses of each other provided:
( ( )) and ( ( ))
The function is denoted by , read as “ inverse”.
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Inverse Function from Table of Values and Graph
You learned that a relation is a mapping of input values onto output values. An
inverse relation maps the output values back to their original input values. This
means that the domain of the inverse relation is the range of the original
relation and that the range of the inverse relation is the domain of the original
relation. In this section, we consider a relation as that is a function.
The graph of an inverse relation is the reflection of the graph of the original relation.
The line of reflection is . Consider the table of values of the original relation
and the inverse relation. Let’s plot the points.
Line of reflection at 𝑦 𝑥.
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Examples of Graphs of One-to-one Functions and their Inverses
+𝟏
𝒇( ) = 𝟐
𝟑
𝒇 𝟏( ) =
𝟐 +𝟏
𝒇 𝟏( ) = 𝟏
𝟑
𝒇( ) =
Let’s take a look at this. Determine the domain and range of an inverse function from
the table of values of the original function.
To determine the domain and range of an inverse function from a given table of
values, just switch the values of the domain and range from the original function.
Original Function Inverse Function
* + * +
* + * +
From the example above, the domain of the original function is the range of its
inverse function and the range of the original function is the domain of its inverse
function. This is also true for functions presented through equations and graphs.
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Consider also the following statements.
(a) If the and values of a one-to-one function are interchanged, the
result is a function.
(b) If the and values of a function that is not a one-to-one are inverted,
the result is no longer a function.
One-to-
one its inverse is Function Function its inverse is Relation
Function
Are you familiar with the steps presented above? That’s right. It is the same with the
steps that we learned from the previous module in finding the range of a rational
function given an equation.
For the second and third properties above, it can be imagined that evaluating a
function and its inverse in succession is like reversing the effect of the function. For
example, the inverse of a function that multiplies to a number and adds is a
function that subtracts and then divides the result by . Take a look at the given
illustration.
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Original Function
Start here Original
𝑥 multiply by add Function
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥
Inverse Function
Start here Inverse Function
𝑥
divide by subtract 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
+
Example 2: Verify that ( ) and ( ) are inverses.
Solution: Show that ( ( )) and ( ( )) .
Recall composition of function.
Change the inner
( ( )) ( ) Change the inner
( ( )) ( ) term with
𝑥+
. term with 𝑥 .
+
Copy function 𝑓
Copy function 𝑓
( )+ Change 𝑥 to 𝑥
+
( ) Change 𝑥 to
𝑥+
+
Divide by 2.
( ) Cancel out 2
Combine similar terms
Combine similar
terms
+𝟒
Therefore, 𝒇( ) 𝟐 𝟒 and 𝒇 𝟏 ( ) are inverses.
𝟐
Note: We may also emphasize that quadratic functions are not one to one but we
can make them one-to-one by restricting their domains. Thus, the functions have
inverse functions
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Example 4: Consider the function ( ) . Find its inverse.
3
( ) Write the original function.
3
Change ( ) to .
3
Interchange and .
3
Add to each side.
3
* + Multiply each side by .
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Take cube root of each side.
𝟑
𝟐 𝟒
𝟑
So, the inverse is 𝒇 𝟏 ( ) 𝟐 𝟒.
Solution: https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1804/Ring_Hubble
Donatiello_3251.jpg
( × ) Write original model.
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To find the age of the nebula, substitute × for .
( × )3 Write inverse model.
3 8
( × ) × Substitute for V.
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What’s More
Activity 1: Opposites
Find the inverse functions from the table of values of the original function.
Identify the domain and range of the original function and its inverse.
1. Original Function Inverse Function
3 4
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Activity 3: Reverse Effect
Find the inverse of the following functions. Show your solution.
1. ( ) 2. ( ) +
3. ( )
2. Describe how the graph of a relation and the graph of its inverse are related.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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What I Can Do
Activity: Inverse Models
Let’s see what you can do. The skill in problem-solving is one of the twin
goals in K to 12 Mathematics curriculum aside from critical thinking skill. From this,
show your mathematical maturity through solving word problems. Be guided with the
discussion of this module. Show your solution.
1. EXCHANGE RATE. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas reports international
exchange rates each day. On September 2, 2020, the exchange rate for
Philippine peso was . Therefore, the formula that gives Philippine peso
in terms of United States dollars on that day is where
represents Philippine peso and represents United States dollars. Find the
inverse of the function to determine the
value of a United States dollar in terms
of Philippine peso on September 2, 2020.
Solve here:
http://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/statistics_exchrate.asp
Solve here:
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3. TEMPERATURE CONVERSION. The
formula to convert temperatures from
degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius
is:
( )
Solve here:
Solve here:
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5. AUTOMOTIVE. The power an
engine produces is called
horsepower. In mathematical
terms, one horsepower is the
power needed to move 550
pounds one foot in one
second, or the power needed
to move 33,000 pounds one
foot in one minute. Power, in
physics, is defined simply as
the rate of doing work. The
formula below gives the
horsepower at 5,252 radians
per second. https://philkotse.com/toyota-corona-for-sale-in-baguio/1991-for-sale-in-aid7017151
Solve here:
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Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice in CAPITAL
LETTERS on the space provided. (15 points)
_____ 12. Which of the following mathematical statements is/ are true?
I. ( ( ))
II. ( ( ))
A. I only B. I and II C. II only D. Neither I nor II
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_____ 13. Arrange the following steps in finding the inverse of a one-to-one function.
I. Interchange and y. The resulting equation is ( ).
II. Solve the equation for in terms of .
III. Write ( ).
A. II, I, III B. III, II, I C. I, II, III D. III, I, II
_____ 14. What is the inverse function of the table of values below?
A. C.
B. D.
_____ 15. Which of the following graph has the correct one-to-one and inverse
graphs?
A. C.
B. D.
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Additional Activity
Solve here:
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WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S NEW
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. D
WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1:
1. Original Function 2. Original Function
𝐷 * + 𝐷 * +
𝑅 * + 𝑅 * +
Inverse Function Inverse Function
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝐷 * + 𝐷 * +
𝑅 * + 𝑅 * +
ANSWER KEY
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WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2:
Activity 3:
𝑥 3 𝑥+
1. 𝑓 (𝑥) 2. 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑥 3. 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑥
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Answers may vary
WHAT I CAN DO
𝑃 ℎ 4. (a) 𝑤 (𝑙 ) 𝐻
1. 𝐷 2. (a) 𝑎 3. (a) 𝐹 𝐶 5. (a) 𝑇
8 8
or
or or
(b) 𝑇
𝑤 𝑙
𝐹 𝐶
𝑎
(b) 𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
(b) 𝐹 ℉
(b) 𝑎
ASSESSMENT ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
1. A 9. D Inverse Function
2. D 10. C
𝑥
3. C 11. A 𝑓 (𝑥)
4. F 12. C
5. C 13. D
6. A 14. A Original Number
7. B 15. C
8. A
REFERENCES
AccuWeather. Philippines Weather: Baguio City, Benguet. Accessed September 3,
2020. https://www.accuweather.com/en/ph/baguio-city/262309/september-
weather/262309
APoD – NASA. APOD: 2018 April 17 – M57: The Ring Nebula. Accessed September
3, 2020. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1804/Ring_HubbleDonatiello_
3251.jpg
Baguio City Guide 2600. Baguio Weather Forecast (September 1, 2020). Accessed
September 3, 2020. https://www.baguiocityguide.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/09/Baguio-City-Guide-Weather-09-01-2020.gif
Baguio City Guide 2600. September 1 Declared as Non-Working Holiday in Baguio
to Celebrate City’s 111th Charter Anniversary. Accessed September 3, 2020.
https://www.baguiocityguide. com/september-1-declared-as-non-working-
holiday-in-baguio-to-celebrate-citys-111th-charter-anniversary/
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Reference Exchange Rate Bulletin. Accessed
September 3, 2020. http://www.bsp.gov. ph/statistics/statistics_exchrate.asp
BusinessWorld. Philippines ends Asian Para Games bid at a much improved 11th
place from 24th. Accessed September 3, 2020.https://www.bworldonline.com/
philippines-ends-asian-para-games-bid-at-a-much-improved-11th-place-from-
24th/
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Formulas used on the Car Math. Accessed September 3, 2020.
http://www.rdrop.com/users/larry/download/ formulas.pdf
HowStuffWorks. What's the difference between torque and horsepower?. Accessed
September 3, 2020. https://auto.howstuffworks.com/difference-between-
torque-and-horsepower.htm
Philkotse.com. 1991 Toyota Corona for sale in Baguio. Accessed September 3,
2020. https://philkotse.com/toyota-corona-for-sale-in-baguio/1991-for-sale-in-
aid7017151
UNTV News and Rescue. DBM: Nothing to worry on peso-dollar exchange rate.
Accessed September 3, 2020. https://www.untvweb.com/special/dbm-nothing-
worry-peso-dollar-exchange-rate/
Verzosa, Debbie Marie B., Leo Andrei A. Crisologo, Lester C. Hao, eden delight P.
Miro, Shirlee R. Ocampo, Emellie G. Palomo, Regina M. Tresvalles, 2016.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School – General Mathematics. Quezon City:
Commission on Higher Education.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Baguio City
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City
Telefax: 422-4326 / 422-7819
Email Address: depedbaguiocity@gmail.com
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity
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