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Foetus Devlopment

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34 views16 pages

Foetus Devlopment

Uploaded by

nareshprakash65
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMRITA VIDYALAYAM SENIOR SECONDARY(CBSE)

RAMANATHAPURAM

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT


2024-2025

TOPIC:
NAME:
CERTIFICATE

This to certify that Roll no: has


completed his investigatory project in the subject of Biology as
required according to the Central Board of Secondary Education
for the academic session 2024-2025.

Date: Teacher in charge

Examiner’s signature Principal’s Signature


ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I Would like to thank my Biology teacher

Mr.B.Balavelmurugan and principal Smt.Kokila for

their constant guidance and moral encouragement

towards the success of this project.

I would also thank all my staff members and school

for providing the necessary materials.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to

everyone who helped me to complete this project.


INDEX
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Alcohol abuse
5. Use of drugs
6. Cigarette smoking
7. Birth control
8. Conclusion
9. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Nutrition is the major environmental factor that
alters expression of the fetal genome and may have
lifelong consequences. Maternal under nutrition
during gestation reduces placental and fetal
growth of both domestic animals and humans.
Available evidence suggests that fetal growth is
most vulnerable to maternal dietary deficiencies of
nutrients during the peri-implantation period and
the period of rapid placental development.
Under nutrition in pregnant women may result
from low intake of dietary nutrients owing to
either a limited supply of food or severe nausea
and vomiting known as hyperemesis
gravidarum.
Pregnant women may also be at increased risk of
under nutrition because of early or closely-spaced
pregnancies.
Pregnant women are usually recommended to
avoid soft cheeses, smoked fish, precooked meats
and foods made with unpasteurized milk. These
foods may contain a bacterium called Listeria.
This bacterium does not usually cause people
much harm, but even a mild infection in a
pregnant woman may cause miscarriage.
Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by the
germ Listeria monocytogenes. People usually
become ill with listeriosis after eating
contaminated food. The disease primarily affects
pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and
people with weakened immune systems.
Alcohol ABUSE
When you're pregnant, drinking alcohol can be
very harmful to your baby. It can cause your baby
to have a range of lifelong health conditions.
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause
miscarriage, preterm birth and stillbirth.
When you drink alcohol during pregnancy, so does
your baby. The same amount of alcohol that is in
your blood is also in your baby's blood. The alcohol
in your blood quickly passes through the placenta
and to your baby through the umbilical cord.
Although your body is able to manage alcohol in
your blood, your baby's little body isn't. Your liver
works hard to break down the alcohol in your
blood. But your baby's liver is too small to do the
same and alcohol can hurt your baby's
development.
That's why alcohol is much more harmful to your
baby than to you during pregnancy.
Alcohol can lead your baby to have serious health
conditions, called fetal alcohol spectrum
disorders (FASD). The most serious of these is
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Alcohol can also cause your baby to:
• Have birth defects (heart, brain and other
organs)
• Vision or hearing problems
• Have intellectual disabilities
• Have learning and behavior problems
• Have sleeping and sucking problems
• Have speech and language delays
Use of Illegal and Illicit
Drugs
It's possible that you may not have a serious or
long-lasting problem after using drugs. But the
same is not always true for a fetus. Drug-using
mothers often give birth to "drug babies."
Studies show that using drugs during pregnancy
has a direct impact on the fetus. If you smoke,
drink alcohol, or ingest caffeine, so does the fetus.
If you use marijuana or crystal meth, your
fetus also feels the impact of these dangerous
drugs. And if you are addicted to cocaine, you're
not only putting your own life on the line, but you
are risking the health of your unborn baby. The
consequences of using cocaine include heart
attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, and
seizures. Taking drugs during pregnancy also
increases the chance of birth defects, premature
babies, underweight babies, and stillborn births.
Exposure to drugs such as marijuana before birth
has been proven to cause behavior problems in
early childhood. These drugs can also affect the
child's memory and attentiveness. In addition,
some findings show that babies born to these
women may have brain structure changes that
persist into early adolescence.
Cigarette Smoking
Smoking during pregnancy affects you and your
baby before, during, and after your baby is born.
The nicotine (the addictive substance in
cigarettes), carbon monoxide, and numerous
other poisons you inhale from a cigarette are
carried through your bloodstream and go directly
to your baby.
Smoking while pregnant will:
• Lower the amount of oxygen available to you and
your growing baby.
• Increase your baby's heart rate.
• Increase the chances of miscarriage and stillbirth.
• Increase the risk that your baby is born
prematurely and/or born with low birth weight.
• Increase your baby's risk of developing
respiratory (lung) problems.
• Increases risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
The more cigarettes you smoke per day, the greater
your baby's chances of developing these and other
health problems. There is no "safe" level of
smoking while pregnant.
Nicotine reduces the diameter of the foetus’ blood
vessels. This reduces the volume of blood that can
flow through them. This, too, reduces the amount
of oxygen reaching the foetus’ developing tissues.
Nicotine also appears to affect the development of
the nervous system.
Birth Control
Birth control methods include hormonal
contraceptives, such as pills, shots and patches.
Each method and brand has a unique mixture of
estrogen and progestin and delivery molecules that
can potentially affect a fetus. In most cases, taking
birth control during the first four to eight weeks of
a pregnancy will have no ill side-effects on a fetus.
The risk of miscarriage due to birth control is
possible; For instance, Drugs.com reports that
Yasmin has been placed in category X due to the
fact that animal studies have shown that some of
the chemicals in Yasmin have produced
miscarriages.
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Biological Science: Third Edition By, N. P. O.

Green (Author), G. W. Stout (Author), D. J. Taylor

(Author), R. Soper (Editor)

 Exploring Biology By, Ella Thea Smith

 NCERT Text Book

 Tell Me Why

 Encyclopedia Britannica

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