THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL TO * Printing press for mass production (19th

NEW MEDIA century)

The evolution of media * Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
Pre-Industrial Age -> Industrial Age -> * Typewriter (1800) Telephone (1876)
Electronic Age-> Information Age
* Motion picture photography / projection
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People (1890)
discovered fire, developed paper from
* Commercial motion pictures (1913)
plants, and forged weapon and tools with
stone, bronze, copper, and iron. * Motion picture with sound (1926)
Examples: * Telegraph
* Cave paintings (35,000 BC) * Punch card
* Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (Iraq) Printing press for mass production (19th
century)
(2400 BC)
A printing press is typically used for texts.
* Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)
It is a device that applies pressure to an
* Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) inked surface resting upon a print medium
(like paper or cloth).
* Dibao in China (2nd Century)
Motion picture (also known as film or
* Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)
movie) is series of still photos on film,
* Printing press using wood blocks projected in rapid succession onto a
(220 AD) screen by means of light.

Cave paintings (35,000 BC) also known as Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The
"parietal art” - are numerous paintings invention of the transistor ushered in the
and engravings found on cave walls or electronic age. People harnessed the
ceilings around. power of transistors that led to the
transistor radio, electronic circuits and the
Clay paintings (35,000 BC) are used as a early computers.
writing medium especially for writing in
cuneiform. Cuneiform is one of the oldest Examples:
forms of writing. * Transistor Radio
PAPYRUS is made from pith of papyrus * Television (1941)
Plant * Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People (1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
used the power of steam, developed * Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704
machine tools, established iron (1960)
production, and the manufacturing of
* Personal computers - i.e. Hewlett
various products (including books through
Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976)
the printing press).
* Transistor Radio
Examples:
* Large Electronic Computers * Integrates all the aspects of old media.
* Mainframe Computers
Information Age (1980s-2000s) - The INFORMATION LITERACY
Internet paved the way for faster
Information literacy is knowing when and
communication and the creation of the
why you need information where to find it
social network.
and how to evaluate, use and
People advanced the use of communicate it in an ethical manner.
microelectronics with the invention
SKILLS REQUIRED
personal computers, mobile devices, and
wearable technology. A need of information
Examples: The resources available
* Web browsers: Mosaic (1993) How to find information
* Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal The need to evaluate information
(1999), Wordpress (2003) How to work with or exploit results
* Social networks: Friendster (2002), Ethics and responsibility of use
Multiply (2003), Facebook
How to communicate or share your
* (2004) findings
* Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr How to manage your findings
(2007)
5 Components of Information Literacy
* Video: YouTube (2005)
The information literate person can:
* Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo
(1995) Identify + find + Evaluate + Apply +
Acknowledge Information
* Smart phones • Wearable technology •
Cloud and Big Data IDENTIFY
Traditional Media • The information literate student can
identify the nature and extent of
* Media experience is limited. information needed.
* One- directional. Real World Examples
* Sense receptors used are very specific * Devising a search strategy to find
(i.e. print media- sense of sight, radio- information on buying a new home
sense of hearing,
* Identifying the difference between a
* TV and film- sight and hearing). published court decision and an article
New Media about the court case
* Media experience is more interactive. * Deciding to search for the most current
information available on a medical
* Audiences are more involved and can
procedure
send feedback simultaneously.
FIND * Integrating a direct quotation from a
reference book into a research paper
• The information literate student can find
needed information effectively and * Using images from a database to prepare
efficiently. a group PowerPoint presentation
Academic Examples ACKNOWLEDGE
* Finding an article from the library • The information literate student can
databases acknowledge sources of information and
the ethical, legal, and socio-economic
* Using Boolean terms (AND, OR, NOT)
issues surrounding information.
when searching online
Academic Examples
* Locating a book on the library shelves by
its call number * Citing an information source in the text
of a research paper
* Refining a search strategy to narrow
down results in databases and search * Creating a works cited page or
engines choosing keywords and phrases to bibliography
use in a library catalog search
* Understanding what constitutes
EVALUATE plagiarism
• The information literate students can * Utilizing Fair Use and copyright
evaluate information and its sources guidelines
critically.
TYPES OF MEDIA
Academic Examples
1. PRINT MEDIA
* Summarizing the main ideas of an article
2. BROADCAST MEDIA
or book
3. DIGITAL OR NEW MEDIA
* Reviewing multiple points of view to
construct an opinion PRINT MEDIA
* Exploring different sources of - media consisting of paper and ink,
information (web, books, databases, reproduced in a printing process that is
primary sources) to understand a topic traditionally mechanical.
* Analyzing the structure and logic of BROADCAST MEDIA
arguments made in lectures and speeches - media such as radio and television that
APPLY reach target audiences using airwaves as
the transmission medium.
The information literate student can apply
information effectively to accomplish a DIGITAL/NEW MEDIA
specific purpose. - contents are organized and distributed
Academic Examples on digital platforms
* Paraphrasing an expert essay to support * Digital refers to something using digits,
a position in a persuasive speech particularly binary digits.
MEDIA CONVERGENCE Indigenous Media
- It is the ability to transform different Three types of resources or sources of
kinds of media into digital code, which is information:
then accessible by a range of devices.
Primary sources
EXAMPLE OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE:
- are original materials on which other
COMPUTERS research is based, including:
CONVERGED MEDIA: original written works - poems. diaries.
* CAMERA court records, interviews. surveys, and
original research/fieldwork, and research
* MUSIC PLAYER published in scholarly/academic journals.
* VIDEO PLAYER Secondary Sources
* WEB BROWSER - are those that describe, analyze, or
* ETC. interpret primary sources, Including:

INTERNET • books by a single author (monographs),

edited books of articles or essays by
* FACEBOOK multiple authors, journal articles, reviews
* TWITTER Tertiary sources
* INSTAGRAM - are those used to organize and locate
* ETC. secondary and primary sources.

GOOGLE * Indexes - provide citations that fully

identify a work with information such as
* GOOGLE SEARCH author, titles of a book, artile, and/or
* GOOGLE DRIVE journal, publisher and publication date,
volume and issue number and page
* GOOGLE MAIL numbers.
* GOOGLE PLAY * Abstracts - summarize the primary or
* PLAYSTORE secondary sources
* YOUTUBE * Databases - are online indexes that
usually include abstracts for each primary
* GOOGLE WALLET
or secondary resource, and may also
* ANDROID include a digital copy of the resource.
* HANGOUT
* GOOGLE CHROME Key Terms
* GOOGLE PLUS * Indigenous - native; local; originating or
produced naturally in a particular region.
* BLOGSPOT
* GOOGLE MAP
* Indigenous knowledge - knowledge that media or through forms of communication
is unique to a specific culture or society, unique to their people group.
often it is not written down.
• INDIGENOUS MEDIA
* Indigenous communication -
- ARE CHANNELS FOR CHANGE,
transmission of information through local
EDUCATION, AND DEVELOPMENT
channels or forms. It is a means by which
BECAUSE OF ITS DIRECT ACCESS TO LOCAL
culture is preserved, handed down, and
CHANNELS.
adapted.
- Ignoring Indigenous Media and
Indigenous knowledge in Benguet
Information can result in development and
* Natural Health Practices- The use of education programs that are irrelevant
herbal and botanical plants for medicine and ineffective
were practiced since immemorial and it
Forms of indigenous media and their local
was carried up to the present. But due to
examples:
the introduction of processed synthetic
medicine, users are shifting to it. * a. Folk or traditional media
Nevertheless, the IPs of Tublay even up to * b. Gatherings and social organisations
the present practices some of these health
practices being done before. * c. Direct observation
* Uses of herbal, botanical plants and * d. Records - may be written, carved, or
insects for medicine oral
* Red ant (angiyawan) - for toothache. Fry * e. Oral instruction
and pulverize then put inside the aching Indigenous media varies from one place to
tooth.
another.
* Bekkeng - for toothache.
Local meetings such as kapihan,
* Uling (Charcoal) - for stomach ache. balitaktakan, and kwentong barbero are
Pulverized and mixed it with water and some examples of how news and stories
drink are passed on within a community.
* Coconut shell - for wounds or for those
who are newly circumcised. Pulverized the
dried coconut shell then apply to the
wounds.
* Kigis, guava shoots, sapsap shoots - for
wounds.
* Cogon grass roots - for kidney problems.
Indigenous media and information -
original information created by a local
group of people. This also refers to content
about indigenous peoples that may be
distributed through dominant forms of
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
PRIMARY EVALUATING INFORMATION
An original, uninterpreted, or first-hand 1. WHO or WHAT is the SOURCE?
material created by the person(s) involved
Is it VALID?
in an activity or an event
Is it ACCURATE?
SECONDARY
Is it RELIABLE?
Information obtained through the analysis,
interpretation, and evaluation of primary (CREDIBLE SOURCES)
source materials 2. WHAT is the MEDIUM used?
TERTIARY 3. WHAT is its PURPOSE?
Involves information that collects, Is it to INFORM?
organizes, and summarizes primary and
secondary source materials Is it to GAIN PROFIT?
WHAT IS INDIGENOUS MEDIA? Is it to PERSUADE?
A form of media "conceptualized, Is it to INFLUENCE?
produced, and circulated by indigenous Is it to EDUCATE?
people as vehicles for communication,
specifically for cultural preservation, Is it PROPAGANDA?
cultural and artistic expression, political 4. How is the Information Made
self-determination, and cultural
sovereignty" (Wilson et al., 2015) Printed

EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA Social Media

Folktales Written

Folk Songs 5. Is it VALUABLE to the AUDIENCE?

Folk Dances Is it CRAAP?

LIBRARY C Currency: The timeliness of the info

A place and a "means of access to R Relevance: How the info fits your needs
information, ideas, and works of A Authority: The source of the info
imagination"
A Accuracy: Reliability and correctness of
(IFLA, 2003) the info
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LIBRARIES P Purpose: The reason the info exists
* SCHOOL LIBRARIES
* ACADEMIC LIBRARIES
* PUBLIC LIBRARIES
* SPECIAL LIBRARIES