HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

2016
1) Write the structure of an isomer of compound C4H9Br which is most
reactive towards SN1 reaction.

Ans. tert butyl bromide

2) How do you convert:

i) Chlorobenzene to biphenyl
in) Propene to 1-iodopropane
iii) 2-bromobutane to but-2-ene
Ans. i)

ii)

iii)

3) Write the major Product(s) in the following:

I.
 II.

III.

2019
1) Out of Chlorobenzene and Cyclohexyl chloride, which one is more
Ans. i. ii. iii. reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction and why?
Ans. Cyclohexyl chloride
2017
1) The following compounds are given to you : 2) Among all the isomers of molecular formula C4HBr, identify
2-Bromopentane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane (a) the one isomer which is optically active.
(a) Write the compound which is most reactive towards SN2 reaction. (b) the one isomer which is highly reactive towards SN2.
(b) Write the compound which is optically active. (c) the two isomers which give same product on dehydrohalogenation
(c) Write the compound which is most reactive towards β-elimination with alcoholic KOH.
reaction
Ans. (a) 1- Bromopentane is most reactive towards SN2 reaction.
(b) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane Ans. a)
(c) 2- Bromopentane is most reactive towards β-elimination reaction with b)
product of pent-1-ene pent-2-ene.

2018
1) Out of chlorobenzene and benzyl chloride, which one gets easily
hydrolysed by aqueous NaOH and why?
Ans. Benzyl chloride

2) a) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair:

3) Why is chloroform kept in dark coloured bottles ?

Ans. to avoid the formation of phosgene

4)

b) Write the structure of the product when chlorobenzene is treated (a) Out of and , which one is more reactive
with methyl chloride in the presence of sodium metal and dry ether towards SN2 reaction and why ?
c) Write the structure of the alkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of
(b) Out of and which one is more reactive
1-bromo-1 methylcyclohexane with alcoholic KOH.
towards nucleophilic substitution reaction and why ?
Ans. (A) (i)
 The substitution reaction of alkyl halide mainly occurs by SN1 or SN2
mechanism. Whatever mechanism alkyl halides follow for the substitution
(c) Out of and which one is optically active and why ? reaction to occur, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond is responsible
for these substitution reactions. The rate of SN1 reactions are governed
by the stability of carbocation whereas for SN2 reactions steric factor is
Ans. a) b) c) the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may
end up with an inverted product or racemic mixture depending upon the
5) Why is t-butyl bromide more reactive towards SN1 reaction as type of mechanism followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI is
compared to n-butyl bromide ? also governed by steric factor and stability of carbocation, which
indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major factors help us in
6) Give reasons for the following : deciding the kind of product formed.
(a) The presence of-NO2 group at ortho or para position increases the 1. Predict the stereochemistry of the product formed if an optically active
reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. alkyl halide undergoes substitution reaction by SN1 mechanism.
(b) p-dicholorobenzene has higher melting point than that of ortho or 2. Name the instrument used for measuring the angle by which the plane
meta isomer. polarised light is rotated.
(c) Thionyl chloride method is preferred for preparing alkyl chloride 3. Predict the major product formed when 2-Bromopentane reacts with
from alcohols. alcoholic KOH.
4. Give one use of CHI3.
7) (a) Write equation for preparation of 1-iodobutane from 1-chlorobutane. 5. Write the structures of the products formed when anisole is treated
(b) Out of 2-bromopentane, 2-bromo-2-methylbutane and with HI.
1-bromopentane, which compound is most reactive towards elimination Ans. 1. Racemic Mixture 2. Polarimeter 3. Pent-2-ene 5. Phenol +CH-I3
reaction and why?
(c) Give IUPAC name of 2) Assertion (A): Boiling points of alkyl halides decrease in the order
R-I > R-Br > R-CI> R-F.
Reason (R): Van der Waals forces decrease with increase in the size of
halogen atom.
Ans. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are the true and Reason (R) is a
correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Ans. a) 3) Justify and arrange the following

b) 2-bromopentane (a) 1-Bromobutane, 2-Bromobutane, 2-Bromo-2-Methylpropane (SN1
c) 4-bromo-4-Methylpent-2-ene reaction)
(b) 1-Bromobutane, 2-Bromobutane, 2-Bromo-2-Methylpropane (SN2
8) (a) Define the following terms: reaction)
(i) Enantiomers Ans. a) 1-bromobutane< 2-bromobutane< 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.
(ii) Racemic mixture b) 2-bromo-2-methyl propane < 2-bromobutane< 1-bromobutane
(b) Why is chlorobenzene resistant to nucleophilic substitution
reaction? 4) Racemisation occurs in
(A) SN2 reaction (B) SN1 reaction
2022 (C) Neither SN2 nor SN1 reactions (D) SN2 reaction as well as SN1 reaction
1) Read the given passage and answer the questions number 1 to 5 that Ans. (B)
follow: 1×5=5
5) Write the major products) of the following reactions :
 Reason (R): The reaction occurs by SN1 mechanism.
Ans. both Assertion and Reason are false.

8) (i) Write the structure of major alkene formed by B-elimination of 2, 2,

3-trimethyl-3-bromo with sodium ethoxide in ethanol.
(ii) Which one of the compounds in the following pairs is chiral?

(iii) Identify (A) and (B) in the following:

Ans.

Ans. (i) (CH3)3C-C(CH3)=CHCH3

(ii)

(iii) A= , B= C6H5MgBr

9) How can you convert the following?

(i) But-1-ene to 1-iodobutane
(ii) Benzene to acetophenone
(iii) Ethanol to propanenitrile.

Ans. i)
iii)
ii)
iii)
6) Out of and which one is more reactive
towards SN1 reaction ? 10) The conversion of an alkyl halide into an alcohol by aqueous NaOH is
classified as
(a) a dehydrohalogenation reaction (b) a substitution reaction
(c) an addition reaction (d) a dehydration reaction
Ans. chlorocyclohexane Ans. (B)

11) Identify A, B, C, D, E and F in the following :

7) Assertion (A) : gives and on treatment
with HI.
 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
2016
1) Write the IUPAC name of the following molecule

Ans.

Ans. 1-phenyl ethan-2-ol

A-
2) Write the final products in the following equations

B-

C-

Ans.
D-

E-

F-

2017
1) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound :
Ans. 2-Bromo 3-Methyl but-2-en-1-ol

2)
a) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid
strength :
p-cresol, p-nitrophenol, phenol
b) Write the mechanism (using curved arrow notation) of the following
reaction :

Ans. a) p-cresol < phenol < p- nitrophenol

b)
Ans.
3) Write the structures of the products when Butan-2-ol reacts with the
following : 2019
a) CrO3 1) (a) How do you convert the following:
b) SOCl2 (i) Phenol to Anisole
(ii) Ethanol to Propan-2-ol
(b) Write mechanism of the following reaction :
Ans. a)

b) (c) Why phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more easily than

benzene ?
2018
1) Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Ans. a) i)

Ans. 3-Methylpentan-2-ol
ii)
2) Write the structures of the main products in the following reactions :

b)
2) (a) Account for the following: Ans. a) i)
(i) o-nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.
(ii) t-butyl chloride on heating with sodium methoxide gives ii)
2-methylpropene instead of t-butylmethylether.
(b) Write the reaction involved in the following:
(i) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(ii) Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Phenol
(c) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between Ethanol and
Phenol.
Ans.

iii)

b)
Butan-2-ol [Iodoform yellow ppt.]

No Reaction.
(Butan-1-ol)
c)

4) (a) How can you obtain Phenol from

(i) Cumene, (ii) Benzene sulphonic acid, (iii) Benzene diazonium
chloride?
(b) Write the structure of the major product obtained from dinitration
of 3-methylphenol.
(c) Write the reaction involved in Kolbe's reaction.

c)

3) (a) Give equations of the following reactions:

(i) Phenol is treated with conc.HNO3. Ans. a) i)
(ii) Propene is treated with B2H6 followed by H2O2 /OH- .
(iii)Sodium t-butoxide is treated with CH3Cl.
(b) How will you distinguish between butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol?
(c) Arrange the following in increasing order of acidity: Phenol, ethanol, ii)
water.

iii)
 b)

8) (a) How will you synthesise the following alcohol from appropriate
b) alkene :

c)
(b) Write the mechanism of the following reaction :
5) Arrange the following in increasing order of their acidic character:
Benzoic acid, Phenol, Cresol
Ans. Cresol < phenol < benzoic acid

6) (a) What happens when Salicylic acid is treated with (CH3CO)2O/H+?

(b) Phenol is oxidised with Na2Cr2O7 /H+? Ans. a)
(c) Anisole is treated with CH3Cl/anhydrous AlCl3? Write chemical
equation in support of your answer.
b)

Ans.

9) An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with CHCl3 and KOH gives two
compounds, both of which give same product ‘B’ when distilled with Zinc
dust. Oxidation of ‘B’ gives ‘C’ with molecular formula C7H6O2. Sodium salt
of ‘C’ on heating with soda lime gives ‘D’ which may also be obtained by
distilling ‘A’ with Zinc dust. Identify ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’.
Ans. ‘A’ is phenol (C6H5OH)
‘B’ is benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO)
7) Define with equation: ‘C’ is benzoic acid (C6H5COOH).
(a) Reimer-Tiemann Reaction (b) Williamson’s Synthesis ‘D’ is benzene (C6H6)

10) How do you convert the following:

(a) Phenol to Toluene
(b) Ethanol to Ethanal

Ans. (a)
Ans. a)
(b)

11) Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following:

(a) Phenol and 1-propanol
(b) Ethanol and dimethyl ether
(c) 1-propanol and 2-Methyl-2-propanol iii)
Ans. a) Phenol reacts with Bromine water to form white precipitates, (Major) (Minor)

whereas alcohol does not react.

2022
1) (a) Out of t-butyl alcohol and n-butanol, which one will undergo acid
catalyzed dehydration faster and why ?
(b) Carry out the following conversions :
(i) Phenol to Salicylaldehyde
(b) Ethanol being acidic in nature reacts with sodium metal to release (ii) t-butylchloride to t-butyl ethyl ether
hydrogen gas whereas dimethyl ether does not react. (iii) Propene to Propanol
Ans. a) t-butyl alcoho
(c) 1-propanal being primary alcohol does not react with Lucus reagent.
2-methyl-2-propanol being tertiary alcohol immediately reacts with Lucas
reagent to form alkyl halide and being insoluble, it produces turbidity in
the solution.
b) i)
ii)

iii)
12) Write the products of the following reactions :
2) (a) Give the mechanism for the formation of ethanol from ethene.
(b) Predict the reagent for carrying out the following conversions :
(i) Phenol to benzoquinone
(ii) Anisole to p-bromoanisole
(iii) Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol

Ans. i) CH3CH2I + CH3OH

ii)

Ans. a)
b) (i) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
(ii) Br2 in CH3COOH
(iii) Br2 aq. / Bromine water

3) The correct IUPAC name of is

(A) tert-butyl alcohol Ans. a)
(B) 2,2-Dimethylpropanol
(C) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
(D) 3-Methylbutan-3-ol
Ans. (C)

4) Assertion (A): o-nitrophenol is a weaker acid than p-nitrophenol.

Reason (R): Intramolecular hydrogen bonding makes ortho isomer weaker b)
than para isomer.
Ans. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct 6) How can you convert the following?
explanation of Assertion. (i) Sodium phenoxide to o-hydroxybenzoic acid
(ii) Acetone to propene
3) Give reasons for the following: (iii) Phenol to chlorobenzene

a) Bond angle in alcohol is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle.

b) C-OH bond length in CH3OH is slightly more than the C-OH bond
length in phenol.

4) Assertion (A): The C-O-H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the Ans. i)
tetrahedral angle.
Reason (R): This is due to the repulsive interaction between the two lone
electron pairs on oxygen. ii)
Ans. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.

5) (a) Write the mechanism of the following reaction: iii)

7) Write the product(s) of the following reactions:

(b) Write the preparation of phenol from cumene
Ans. (i) Hydroboration of propene followed by oxidation with H2O2 in alkaline
medium.
(ii) Dehydration of (CH3)3C–OH by heating it with 20% H3PO4 at 358 K

(iii) Heating of with HI.

Ans. (i) CH3CH2CH2OH
(ii) (CH3)2C=CH2

(iii)
8) (a) Write the mechanism of the following SN1 reaction:

11) How can you convert the following?

(i) Phenol to o-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
(b) Write the equation for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-methoxypropane
(ii) Methanal to ethanol
by Williamson synthesis.
(iii) Phenol to phenyl ethanoate.

Ans. i)

ii)

Ans. a) iii)

b)

9) Assertion (A): The C-O-C bond angle in ethers is slightly less than
tetrahedral angle.
Reason (R): Due to the repulsive interaction between the two alkyl groups
in ethers.
Ans. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement

10) Give the structures of final products expected from the following
reactions:
 SOLUTIONS Ans. 13980.45 g mol-1

3) What is meant by :
2007 a) Colligative properties b) Molality of a solution
1) State the condition resulting in reverse osmosis?
4. What conc. of nitrogen should be present in a glass of water at room
2) A 0.1539 molal aqueous solution of cane sugar (mol. Mass = 342 g mol-1) temp?
has a freezing point of 271 K, while the freezing point of pure water is Assume a temp of 25oC , a total pressure of 1 atmosphere and mol
273.15 K. What will be the freezing point of an aqueous solution fraction of nitrogen in air of 0.78 ( KH for nitrogen = 8.42 × 10-7 M / mm Hg)
containing 5 g of glucose ( mol mass = 180 g mol-1) per 100 g of solution? Ans. 6.59×107 mol L−1
Ans. 263.27K
2010
2008 1) Define osmosis and osmotic pressure? What is the advantage of using
1) State Raoult’s law for solutions of volatile liquid components. Taking a osmotic pressure over other colligative properties?
suitable example, explain positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
2) What mass of NaCl (58.5 g/mol) must be dissolved in 65g water to lower
2) A solution containing 8g of a substance in 100g of diethyl ether boils at the freezing point by 7.5oC? Kf=1.86 K Kg/mol and I for NaCl =1.86
36.86oc, whereas pure ether boils at 35.60oc. Determine the molecular Ans. 8.199 g
mass of the solute. ( For ether, Kb= 2.02 K kg /mol)
Ans. 128.25 g mol-1 3) Di erentiate between molarity and molality of a solution.

3) State the law co-relating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a 4) 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of
liquid. State an application of this law. water. The resulting solution freezes at -0.34oC. What is the molar mass of
Ans. Henry's law the substance?
( Kf = 1.86 K Kg mol-1)
4) Define the term osmotic pressure. Describe how the molecular mass of Ans. 182.35 gm / mol
a substance can be determined on the basis of osmotic pressure
measurement. 5) What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added
to 5.50 Kg of water to lower the freezing point of water from 0oC to -10.0oC?
( Kf = 1.86 K Kg mol-1)
Ans. - osmotic pressure
Ans. 1.833 kg
5) Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54 g glucose
in 250 g water will freeze. (Kf for water is 1.86 K Kg mol-1)
2011
Ans. 2.23° C
1)State:
i) Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions.
2009
ii)Henry’s law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
1)Define:
a) Mole fraction b) van’t Ho factor
2) A solution is prepared by dissolving 8.95mg of a gene fragment in 35ml
of water has an osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25oC. Calculate its molar
2)100mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0ml of a
mass if it is a non electrolyte.
solution. If this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3mm Hg at 25oc,
Ans. 1.42×104 gm
what is the molar mass of the protein?( R=0.0821 L atm K-1mol-1 and 760mm
Hg= 1 atm.)
3) What is reverse osmosis?
 2014
4) Di erence between molarity and molality values for a solution. What is 1) a) Define the following terms:
the e ect of change in temperature on molarity and molality values. i) Molarity ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass= 60 g/mol) per litre of
5) What mass of NaCl (58.5 g/mol) must be dissolved in 65g water to lower solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution
the freezing point by 7.5oC? Kf=1.86 K Kg/mol and i for NaCl =1.86 of glucose (molar mass= 180 g/mol) in water. Calculate the mass of
Ans. 8.199 g glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Ans. b) 45g
2012 Or
1) Define the following terms: a) What type of deviation is shown by mixture of ethanol and acetone?
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Ideal Solution Give reason.
b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180g/mol) in water is labelled as
2) 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?
water. The resulting solution freezes at -0.34oC. What is the molar mass of (Density of solution = 1.2 g/mL)
the substance? ( Kf = 1.86 K Kg mol-1) Ans. b) 0.61 m or 0.61 mol/kg, 0.66 M or 0.66 mol/L
Ans. 182.35 gm / mol
2015
3) Explain the following : 1) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, the volume of the resulting solution increases.
(i) Henry’s Law about dissolution of gas in liquid What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution?
(ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent What change in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
Ans. boiling point of the solution decreases
4) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving
2) How can the direction of osmosis be reversed ? Write one use of reverse
some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of
osmosis.
100.42oC. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this solution? ( Kb
for water = 0.512 K Kg mol-1) 3) A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of non volatile solute in 95 g of water.
Ans. 37.73 g It has a vapour pressure of 23.375 mm Hg at 25oC. Calculate the molar mass of
the solute. ( Vapour pressure of pure water at 25OC is 23.75 mm Hg)
2013 Ans. 95.05 g
1) (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How
does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law? 2016
(b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered 1) Write two di erences between a solution showing positive deviation
the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. and a solution showing negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1)
Ans. b) 256 g/mol 2) Calculate the freezing point of a solution when 3g of CaCl2 ( M = 111 g
mol-1) was dissolved in 100 g of water, assuming CaCl2 undergoes complete
2) Define the following terms : ionization. ( Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Osmotic pressure Ans. 271.64 K

3) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. 2017

What would be the molality of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 1) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of
g mol–1) 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the
Ans. 0.6 molal freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. ( Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g
mol-1, Glucose = 180 g mol-1 )
Ans. 265.55 K Calculate the degree of dissociation of KCl solution. Assume that both
the solutions have same temperature.
2) Define a) Molality (m) Ans. 0.92
b) Abnormal molar mass
c) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate 5) (a) Out of 0·1 molal aqueous solution of glucose and 0·1 molal aqueous
the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of solution of KCl, which one will have higher boiling point and why?
pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg. (b) Predict whether van’t Ho factor (i) is less than one or greater than
d) Write two di erences between ideal and non-ideal solutions. one in the following:
Ans. c) 23.55 mm Hg (i) CH3COOH dissolved in water
(ii) CH3COOH dissolved in benzene
2018 Ans. a) 0.1 molal aqueous solution of KCl
1) Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose b) i. i>1
(Molar mass = 180 g mol–1 ) in 250 g of water. (Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol–1) ii. i<l
Ans. 270.67 K
6) A solution 0·1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What
2) Give reasons for the following: would be its osmotic pressure at 27oC? (R = 0·0821 Latm K–1mol–1)
(a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the Ans. 7.14 atm
determination of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins
and polymers. 7) Give reasons for the following:
(b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm (a) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than warm water.
water. (b) At higher altitudes people su er from anoxia resulting in inability to
(c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than think.
that of 1 M sugar solution. (OR)
What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone
and chloroform? Justify on the basis of strength of intermolecular
2019 interactions that develop in the solution.
1) State Raoult's law for a solution containing volatile components. Write Ans. A maximum boiling azeotropic mixture
two characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult's law at all
concentrations. 8) At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic
pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of a glucose solution is 1.52
2) A 4 % solution (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol–1) in water has a freezing bar at the same temperature, what would be its concentration?
point of 271.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5 % glucose (M =180 g Ans. 0.0508 M
mol–1) in water.
Ans. 268.4 K 9) (a) Draw the graph between vapour pressure and temperature and
explain the elevation in boiling point of a solvent in solution.
3) Give reasons : (b) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by
(a) Cooking is faster in pressure cooker than in cooking pan. dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water at 25C assuming it to be
(b) Red Blood Cells (RBC) shrink when placed in saline water but swell in completely dissociated. (Atomic masses K=39u, S=32u, O=16u)
distilled water. Ans. b) 1.76 × 10-3atm
(OR)
4) A solution containing 1.9 g per 100 mL of KCl (M = 74·5 g mol–1) is isotonic (a) Write two characteristics of non-ideal solution.
with a solution containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea (M = 60 g mol–1 ). (b) 2 g of benzoic (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a
depression in freezing point equal to 1·62K. Molal depression constant
 for benzene is 4·9 K kg mol–1. What is the percentage association of OR
acid if it forms dimer in solution? (a) When 19•5 g of F CH2-COOH (Molar mass = 78 g mol-1) is dissolved in
Ans. 99.2% 500 g of water, the depression in freezing point is observed to be 1°C.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of [Given : Kf for water 1•86 K kg
2020 mol-1]
1) For a 5% solution of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol), calculate the osmotic (b) Give reasons :
pressure at 300 K. [R = 0·0821 L atm K–1mol–1] (i) 0•1 M KC1 has higher boiling point than 0•1 M Glucose.
Ans. 20.52atm (ii) Meat is preserved for a longer time by salting.
(OR) Ans. a) the van't Ho factor is 1.0753 and dissociation constant is 3.07 x 10-3
Visha took two aqueous solutions — one containing 7·5 g of urea (Molar
mass = 60 g/mol) and the other containing 42·75 g of substance Z in 100 g 7) What happens when
of water, respectively. It was observed that both the solutions froze at the (i) a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution
same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of Z. side separated from solvent by a semipermeable membrane?
Ans. 342 g/mol (ii) acetone is added to pure ethanol.

2) Identify which liquid will have a higher vapour pressure at 90oC if the 8) State Henry’s law. Calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 298 K
boiling points of two liquids A and B are 140oC and 180oC, respectively. under 760 mm Hg. (KH for CO2 in water at 298 K is 1.25 106 mm Hg)
Ans. A>B Ans. 0.033 mol/litre

3) 50 mL of an aqueous solution of glucose C6H12O6 (Molar mass: 180 9) The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M = 122
g/mol) contains 6·02x1022 molecules. The concentration of the solution will g mol–1) in 35g of benzene is depressed by 2.94 K. What is the percentage
be association of benzoic acid if it forms a dimer in solution? (Kf for benzene
(A) 0·1 M (B) 0·2 M (C) 1·0 M (D) 2·0 M = 4.9 K kg.mol–1)
Ans. (D) Ans. 97.6 percent

4) Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following situations: 10) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. What
(a) When ‘i’ is found to be more than one. is the similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law?
(b) When ‘i’ is found to be less than one
Ans. (a) Dissociated. 11) A 0.01 m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at – 0.068OC. Calculate the
(b) Associated percentage of dissociation. [Given : Kf for Water = 1.86 K kg mol–1]
Ans. 88.53%

5) Assertion (A): Osmotic Pressure is a colligative Property.

Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to molarity.
Ans. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

6) (a) A solution contains 5•85 g NaCl (Molar mass = 58•5 g mol-) per litre
of solution. It has an osmotic pressure of 4•75 atm at 27°C. Calculate the
degree of dissociation of NaCl in this solution. (Given : R = 0.082 L atm K-1
mol-1)
(b) State Henry's law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by
scuba divers ?
Ans. a) 1.93
 ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
OR
(a) Write the chemical reaction involved in Wol -Kishner reduction.
2016
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity
1) Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions:
towards nucleophilic addition reaction :
a) Ho mann-bromamide degradation reaction
b) Carbylamine reaction
(c) Why carboxylic acid does not give reactions of carbonyl group ?
(d) Write the product in the following reaction

(e) A and B are two functional isomers of compound C3H,O. On heating

with NaOH and I2, isomer B forms yellow precipitate of iodoform
whereas
Ans. i)
isomer A does not form any precipitate. Write the formulae of A and B.

ii)

2) (a) Write the structures of A and B in the following reactions :

Ans. a)
b) C6H5COCH3 < CH3COCH3 < CH3CHO

d)
(b) Distinguish between :

e) ‘A’ is , ‘B’ is

2017
(c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points
1) Write the products) in the following reactions:
(a) Write the product(s) in the following reactions :

Ans.
 (b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs
of compounds:
(i) Butanal and Butan-2-one
(ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol Ans.

Ans. a) i) , ii) , iii)

2) (a) Write the reactions involved in the following:

i) Etard reaction 2) Account for the following:
ii) Stephen reduction (a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) How will you convert the following in not more than two steps: (b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid
i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
ii) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid 3) (A), (B) and (C) are three non-cyclic functional isomers of a carbonyl
iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid compound with molecular formula C4H8O. Isomers (A) and C) give positive
Tollens' test whereas isomer (B) does not give Tollens' test but gives
positive Iodoform test. Isomers (A) and (B) on reduction with Zn(Hg)/conc.
HCl give the same product (D).
(a) Write the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D).
(b) Out of (A), (B) and (C) isomers, which one is least reactive towards
addition of HCN?

Ans. a) i)

Ans. a) A-

ii)

B-

b) i)

ii)
C-
D-
b) compound B is least reactive towards HCN addition reaction.
iii)
4) Write the structures of the main products in the following reactions
2018
1) How do you convert the following?
(a) Ethanal to Propanone
(b) Toluene to Benzoic acid
 Ans.

2) Complete the following reactions :

Ans.

2019
1) Write structures of compounds A and B in each of the following
reactions:

Ans. i) , ii) 2CH3COCH2C6H5 + CdCl2,

iii) (CH3)2BrC-COOH

3) Write chemical equations for the following reactions:

a) Propanone is treated with dilute Ba(OH)2.
b) Acetophenone is treated with Zn(Hg)/Conc.HCl
c) Benzoyl chloride is hydrogenated in presence of Pd/BaSO4.
Ans.
4) (a) Give reasons : (b) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between
(i) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
(ii) Methanal is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction
than ethanal.
(b) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between propanal and
propanone.
(c) Why is alpha (ɑ) hydrogen of carbonyl compounds acidic in nature ?
Ans. b) iodoform test.
Ans.
2) Write structures of main compounds A and B in each of the following
reactions :

Ans. a)

b)
b) but benzophenone one does not.

3) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound: 3) (a) Write the main product formed when propanal reacts with the
following reagents :
(i) 2 moles of CH3OH in presence of dry HC1
(ii) Dilute NaOH
Ans. Butan-2-one
(iii) H2N-NH2 followed by heating with KOH in ethylene glycol
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their
5) (a)Predict the main product of the following reactions :
property as indicated :
(i) F-CH2COOH, O2N-CH2COOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH —- acid
character
 (ii) Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone —-
reactivity towards addition of HCN

Ans. i)
b) , ,

ii) 5) (a) Carry out the following conversions : (i) Benzoic acid to aniline (ii)
Bromomethane to ethanol
(b) Write the structure of major product(s) in the following :
iii)
b)

4) (a) Carry out the following conversions : (i) P-nitrotoluene to

2-bromobenzoic acid
(ii) Propanoic acid to acetic acid
(b) An alkene with molecular formula C5H10 on ozonolysis gives a mixture
of two compounds, B and C. Compound B gives positive Fehling test and
also reacts with iodine and NaOH solution. Compound C does not give
Fehling solution test but forms iodoform. Identify the compounds A, B
and C.
Ans. a) i)
Ans. a) i)

ii)

b) i)

ii)
ii)
 iii)

iii)

6) CH3CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards reaction with HCN.

Why?

7) (a) Give IUPAC name of CH3-CH = CH-CHO.

8) (a) Give IUPAC name of Salicylic acid.
(b) How can you distinguish between ethanol and ethanal?
(b) Chloroacetic acid is more acidic than acetic acid. Why?
(c) How will you convert the following:
(c) Write the products formed when (CH3)3C-CHO reacts with the
(i) Toluene to benzoic acid
following:
(ii) Ethanol to propan-2-ol
(i) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
(iii) Propanal to 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
(ii) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution
Ans. a) but-2-enal
(iii) Semicarbazide and a weak acid
c) i)
Ans. a) 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.

c) i)
ii)
ii)

iii)

2020
1) Iodoform test is not given by
(A) Ethanol (B) Ethanal (C) Pentan-2-one (D) Pentan-3-one
Ans. (D)

2) What is the correct IUPAC name of the given compound ?

(A) 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic acid

(B) 2-Carboxyl-2-methylbutane
(C) 2-Ethyl-2-methylpropanoic acid
(D) 3-Methylbutane carboxylic acid
Ans. (A) (ii) Give the IUPAC name of (A).
(b) How can you distinguish between:
3) What happens when (a) Propanone is treated with methylmagnesium (i) Ethanol and Propanone, and
iodide and then hydrolysed, and (b) Benzene is treated with CH3COCl in (ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol?
presence of anhydrous AlCl3? Ans. a) i)

Ans. a)

b)
,
4) (a) An organic compound 'A' having molecular formula C5H10O gives ii) 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
negative Tollens' test, forms n-pentane on Clemmensen reduction but
doesn't give iodoform test. Identify 'A' and give all the reactions involved. 6) Assertion (A): Reactivity of ketones is more than aldehydes.
(b) Carry out the following conversions: Reason (R) : The carbonyl carbon of ketones is less electrophilic as
(i) Propanoic acid to 2-Bromopropanoic acid compared to aldehydes.
(ii) Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde Ans. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
(c) How will you distinguish between benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde? explanation for Assertion

7) Write the products formed when (CH3)3C-CHO reacts with the following
reagents:
(i) CH3COCH3 in the presence of dilute NaOH
Ans. a) 3-pentanone, (ii) HCN
b) i) (iii) Conc. NaOH
Ans. i)

ii)
ii)

iii)

8) Assertion (A) : Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.

5) (a) Complete the following sequence of reactions:
Reason (R) : The carboxyl group is activating and undergo electrophilic
substitution reaction.
Ans. A is correct but R is wrong

9) (a) An organic compound (A) having molecular formula C4H8O gives

orange red precipitate with 2, 4-DNP reagent. It does not reduce Tollens'
(i) Identify (A) to (D). reagent but gives yellow precipitate of iodoform on heating with NaOH
and I2. Compound (A) on reduction with NaBH4 gives compound (B) which
undergoes dehydration reaction on heating with conc. H2SO4 to form
compound (C). Compound (C) on Ozonolysis gives two molecules of
ethanal. Ans. a) i) ii)
I) Identify (A), (B) and (C) and write their structures.
II) Write the reactions of compound (A) with b) i) ii)
(i) NaOH/I2 and
(ii) NaBH4 11) Assertion (A): Oxidation of ketones is easier than aldehydes.
(b) Give reasons: Reason (R): C-C bond of ketones is stronger than C-H bond of aldehydes.
(i) Oxidation of propanal is easier than propanone. Ans. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct
(ii) a-hydrogen of aldehydes and ketones is acidic in nature.
Ans. a) 12) (a) Write the products formed when benzaldehyde reacts with the
following reagents
(i) CH3CHO in presence of dilute NaOH

(ii)
(iii) Conc. NaOH
(b) Distinguish between following:
(i) CH3 - CH = CH-CO CH3 and CH3 CH2 CO CH = CH2
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid.
Ans. a) i) 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanal
ii) Phenyl hydrazone of benzaldehyde
iii) Sodium benzoate and benzyl alcohol

13) (a) Write the final products in the following:

(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity

10) (a) Draw structures of the following derivatives:
towards nucleophilic addition reaction:
(i) Cyanohydrin of cyclobutanone (ii) Hemiacetal of ethanal
(b) Write the major product(s) in the following:

(c) Draw the structure of 2, 4-DNP derivative of acetaldehyde

Ans. a)
(i) CH3CH2CH3
(ii) C6H6
(c) How can you distinguish between propanal and propanone? (ii) CH2=CH-CH2CHO
b) C6H5COCH3 < CH3COCH3 < CH3CHO < HCHO
c)

I) A - B- C-
2021
1) Assertion (A) : Benzoic acid does not give Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Reason(R) : The carboxyl group is deactivating and gets bonded to Lewis
acid AlCl3
Ans. Both assertion and reason are correct statements and reason is II) A- B- C-
correct explanation of assertion OR
b) i)
2) (a) (i) Identify A, B and C in the following reactions : I) Alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4-KOH)
II) NaBH4
ii)

(ii) By what tests will you distinguish between :

(I) Ethanol and Benzaldehyde
(II) Acetone and Acetic acid
OR
(b) (i) Name the reagents used in the following reactions : iv)

(ii) Write the structure of oxime of propanal.

(iii) Why does carboxylic acid not give reactions of aldehydes and ketones
?
(iv) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity
towards nucleophilic addition reaction :

.
Ans. a) i)
 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING
NITROGEN (AMINES)
2016
1) Give reasons for the following
i) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
ii) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
iii) Primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines
iii)
2017
1) Write the structures of compounds A, B and C in the following reactions: 2) (a) Write the structures of the main products of the following reactions:

Ans.

2018
1) (a) Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i) Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction
(b) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between Aniline and
(ii) Diazotisation
N,N-dimethylaniline.
(iii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
(c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pKb values :
(b) Give reasons :
(i) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
(ii) Aromatic diazonium salts are more stable than aliphatic diazonium Ans.
salts.
Ans. a) i)

ii)
2019
1) Arrange the following in increasing order of boiling points :

Ans.

Ans. a) b) c)
2) An aromatic compound 'A' on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a
compound 'B' of molecular formula C6H7N which on reacting with CHCl3 5) How do you convert the following :
and alcoholic KOH produces a foul smelling compound 'C'. Write the (a) N-phenylethanamide to p-bromoaniline
structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C. (b) Benzene diazonium chloride to nitrobenzene
Ans. (c) Benzoic acid to aniline
Ans. a)

b)

3) Arrange the following in decreasing order of basic character :

C6H5NH2, (CH3)3N, C2H5NH2
Ans. (CH3)3N > C2H5NH2 > C6H5NH2
c)
4) Complete the following reactions :
6) Account for the following : (ii) Aniline and Ethanamine
(a) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is not preferred for preparing (b) Why aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction ?
aromatic primary amines. Ans. a) i)
(b) On reaction with benzene sulphonyl chloride, primary amine
yields product soluble in alkali whereas secondary amine yields
product insoluble in alkali.

7) Write structures of compounds A and B in each of the following

reactions :

ii)

Ans. a)

b)

aniline reacts with HNO2 at a low temperature to form stable diazonium

salt

8) Write the reaction involved in the Ho mann bromamide degradation 10) Account for the following, supporting your answer with diagrams or
reaction. equations wherever possible:
(a) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of
Ans. aliphatic amines.
OR (b) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate
Propanamine and N,N-dimethylmethanamine contain the same number hydrated ferric oxide.
of carbon atoms, even though Propanamine has higher boiling point
than N,N-dimethylmethanamine. Why? 11) Arrange the following in decreasing order of pK giving reason :
(a) Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine
9) (a) Give one chemical test to distinguish between the compounds of the (b) C2H5NH2, (C2H5 )NH, (C2H5)3N in gaseous state
following pairs: Ans. a) p-toluidine > aniline > p-nitroaniline
(i) CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH b)
2020
1) Out of the following, the strongest base in aqueous solution is
(A) Methylamine (B) Dimethylamine (C) Trimethylamine (D) Aniline
Ans. (B)

2) Give the structures of A and B in the following sequence of reactions : Ans. (B)

6) (a) Give reasons:

(i) Although NH2 group is o/p directing in electrophilic substitution
reactions, yet aniline, on nitration gives good yield of m-nitroaniline.
(ii) (CH3)NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
(iii) Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a good method to prepare pure
primary amines.
(b) Distinguish between the following:
Ans. a) (A) CH3CONH2 (B) CH3NH2 (i) CH3CH2NH2 and (CH3CH2)2NH
(b) (A) C6H5NH2 (B) C6H5N2Cl (ii) Aniline and CH3NH2
(c) (A) C6H5CN (B) C6H5COOH
7) (a) Write the structures of A and B in the following reactions:
3) (a) How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Aniline and Ethanamine
(ii) Aniline and N-methylaniline
(b) Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their boiling
points
Butanol, Butanamine, Butane (b) Write the chemical reaction of methyl amine with benzoyl chloride and
Ans. b) Butanol > Butanmine > Butane write the IUPAC name of the product obtained.
(c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pKb values:
4) Account for the following:
(a) Aniline is a weaker base compared to ethanamine.
(b) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(c) Only aliphatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel
Phthalimide synthesis.
Ans. a) i) ii)
b) N-Methylbenzamide
5) , on heating with CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH gives foul c) (C2H5)2NH < C2H5NH2 < NH3 < C6H5NH2
smell of
8) Write an isomer of C3H9N which gives foul smell of isocyanide when
treated with chloroform and ethanolic NaOH.

Ans.

9) Arrange the following compounds as directed:

(i) In increasing order of solubility in water:
(ii) Which of the following reagents is used for the Hinsberg test of amines
(ii) In decreasing order of basic strength in aqueous solution:
?

(iii) In increasing order of boiling point:

Ans.

Ans. (B)

(iii) Out of the following, the strongest base in aqueous solution is :

10) CH3CONH2 on reaction with NaOH and Br2 in alcoholic medium gives
(a) CH3CH2NH2 (b) CH3CH2Br (c) CH3NH2 (d) CH3COONa
Ans. (C)
Ans. (A)
11) Give reasons:
(iv) The reaction of ammonia with a large excess of CH3CI will give mainly :
(i) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(ii) Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel's
phthalimide synthesis.
(iii) Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia

2021
1) Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia and are usually Ans. (D)
formed from nitriles, nitro, halides, amides, etc. They show hydrogen OR
bonding which influences their physical properties. In aromatic amines, Among the following amines, which one is expected to have the lowest
electron releasing and withdrawing groups respectively increase and boiling point ?
decrease their basic character.
Hinsberg test is used for the identification and distinction between
primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
The following questions are multiple choice questions :
(i) Ethyl amine can be prepared by the action of LiAlH4 on

Ans. (B)

2) Write the equations involved in the following reactions :

(i) Carbylamine reaction
Ans. (D) (ii) Ho mann bromamide degradation reaction
Ans. i)
BIOMOLECULES
2007
1) What are reducing sugars?
ii) 2) What is meant by denaturation of a protein?
3) Define enzyme

2008
1) Write two main functions of carbohydrate in plants

2) What happens when glucose is treated with

(i) HI (ii) Bromine water (iii) HNO3

3) How are vitamins classified? Mention the chief source of Vitamin A and
C

4) Describe by giving example

(i) Glycosidic linkage
(ii) Peptide linkage
(iii) Primary structure of protein
(iv) Denaturation of protein.

2009
1) Name the four bases in DNA. Which one is not present in RNA?
Ans. adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
Thymine (T), is not present in RNA.

2) Name two fat soluble vitamins, their sources and diseases caused due
to their deficiency.
Ans. (i) Vitamin A. Fish oil, carrot, milk, egg yolk. Night blindness and
Xerophthalmia.
(ii) Vitamin D. Sunlight, fish, egg yolk. Rickets and osteomalacia.

2010
1) What are reducing sugars?
2) Amino acids may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. How does this happen?
3) What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Name one of each
type.
Ans. Essential Amino Acids : valine.
Nonessential amino acids : glycine.

4) What is the product of hydrolysis of sucrose?

Ans. glucose and fructose Ans. peptide bond (amide bond)

5) Di erentiate between fibrous and globular proteins. 2) Shanti, a domestic helper of Mrs. Anuradha, fainted while mopping the
floor. Mrs. Anuradha immediately took her to the nearby hospital where
6) What is meant by denaturation of a protein? she was diagnosed to be severely 'anaemic.' The doctor prescribed an
iron rich diet and multivitamins supplement to her. Mrs. Anuradha
7) What are mono-saccharides? supported her financially to get the medicines. After a month, Shanti was
diagnosed to be normal.
2011 After reading the above passage, answer the following questions
1) Explain (i) What values are displayed by Mrs. Anuradha ?
(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes 'pernicious anaemia'.
(ii) Pyranose structure of glucose (iii) Give an example of water soluble vitamin.
Ans. ii) vitamin B12
2) Write the main structural di erence between DNA and RNA iii) thiamin (vitamin B1)

3) Of the four bases, name those which are common to both DNA and 3) What is the product of hydrolysis of sucrose?
RNA.
Ans. adenine (A), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). 2014
1) What are the products of hydrolysis of sucrose?
4) Write such reactions and facts about glucose that cannot be explained
by its open chain structure. 2) Define the following terms as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage
2012 (ii) Primary structure
1) What is essentially the di erence between ɑ-glucose and β-glucose? (iii) Denaturation

2) What is meant by pyranose structure of glucose? 3) What are the products of hydrolysis of maltose?
Ans.
3)Write the structure of product obtained when glucose is oxidised by
nitric acid.
Ans.

4) Define the following terms:

(i) Glycosidic linkage
(ii) Invert sugar
(iii) Oligosaccharides
2013
1) Write the name of linkage joining two amino acids.
2015 a) Polysaccharides b) Denatured protein c)Essential amino acids
1) Which one of the following is an oligosaccharide: starch, maltose, fructose,
glucose? 2) a) Write the product when D-glucose reacts with conc. HNO3.
Ans. maltose b) Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour. Why?
c) Write one di erence between ɑ-helix and β-pleated structures
2) Write one di erence between DNA and RNA?
proteins.
3) Write the name of the disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1.
Ans. Beriberi

2016 Ans. a)
1) Write the name of monosaccharides which are obtained after the
hydrolysis of lactose. 2019
Ans. D-Glucose and D-Galactose 1) What is the basic structural di erence between glucose and fructose?
OR
2) What type of bonding is responsible for the stability of ɑ-Helix. Write the products obtained after hydrolysis of lactose.
Ans. Hydrogen bonds Ans. β-D-Glucose and β-D-Galactose

3) Write the di erence between Nucleotide and Nucleoside. 2) Di erentiate between the following:
i) Amylose and Amylopectin
2017 ii) Peptide linkage and Glycosidic linkage.
After watching a programme on TV about the presence of carcinogens iii) Fibrous proteins and Globular proteins
(cancer causing agents) Potassium bromated and Potassium iodate in OR
bread and othe bakery products , Rupali a class XII student decided to Write chemical reactions to show that open structure of D glucose
make others aware about the adverse e ects of these carcinogens in contains the following:
food. She consulted the school principal and requested him to instruct i) Straight chain ii) Five alcohol groups iii) Aldehyde as carbonyl group
the canteen contractor to stop selling sandwiches, pizzas, burgers and\ Ans. i)
other bakery products to the students. The principal took an immediate
action and instructed to the canteen contractor to replace the bakery
products with some protein and vitamin rich food like fruits, salads,
sprouts, etc. The decision was welcome by the parents and the students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:
ii)
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Rupali?
(ii) Which polysaccharide component of carbohydrate is commonly
present in bread?
(iii) Write the two types of secondary structures of protein
(iv) Give two examples of water soluble vitamins.
Ans. (ii) Starch.
(iii) α - helix and β - pleated sheets.
(iv) Vitamin - B and Vitamin - C. iii)

2018
1) Define the following with an example of each:
3) What is the basic structural di erence between starch and cellulose?
OR b)
Write the products obtained after hydrolysis of DNA.
Ans. β-D-2-deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and adenine

4) (a) What are the products of hydrolysis of maltose?

(b) What type of bonding provides stability to a-helix structure of
protein?
(c) Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.
Ans. c) Vitamin B12
(OR)
OR
Give any two points of di erence between globular and fibrous
Define the following terms:
Proteins.
(a) Invert sugar (b) Native protein (c) Nucleotide.

5) What is the di erence between a glycosidic linkage and a peptide

9) Write two di erences between DNA and RNA
linkage ?
OR
2020
What is the di erence between Nucleotide and Nucleoside ?
1) Assertion (A) : Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar.
Reason (R) : Sucrose has glycosidic linkage.
6) Define the following terms with a suitable example of each :
Ans. Both A and R are true and the R is the correct explanation of the A.
a) Anomers (b) Essential amino acids (c) Denaturation of protein
2) Give the possible explanation for the following:
7) (a) Give any one property of glucose that cannot be explained by the
(a) Glucose doesn't give 2,4-DNP test.
open chain structure.
(b) The two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary.
(b)Compare amylase with amylopectin in terms of constituting
(c) Starch and cellulose both contain glucose unit as monomer, yet they
structure.
are structurally di erent.
(c) Why do amino acids show amphoteric behaviour ?
3) Read the given passage and answer the questions number 1 to 5 that
8) What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following ? Give
follow:
equations to support your answer.
Organic compounds containing amine as functional group are present
(a) HI (b) HNO3
in a vivid variety of compounds, namely amino acids, hormones,
Ans. a)
neurotransmitters, DNA, alkaloids, dyes, etc. Drugs including nicotine,
morphine, codeine and heroin, etc. which have physiological e ects on
humans also contain amino group in one form or another. Amines are
basic because of the presence of lone pair of electrons on nitrogen.
Addition of nitrogen into an organic framework leads to the formation of
two families of molecules, namely amines and amides. As chemistry (ii) Globular protein and Fibrous protein
students, we must appreciate the versatility of nitrogen. (iii) Nucleotide and Nucleoside
i. What are amino acids?
ii. Why are amino acids amphoteric?
iii. Give one point of di erence between acidic and basic amino acid.
iv. What are essential amino acids?
v. Name the linkage formed when carboxyl end of one amino acid
condenses with amino end of other amino acid.
Ans. v) Peptide Bond

4) Assertion (A) Albumin is a globular protein.

Reason (R): Polypeptide chain coils around to give a straight chain.
Ans. (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect statement.

5) Define the following terms:

i) Oligosaccharides
ii) Invert sugar

6) Write the name of component of starch which is water soluble.

Ans. Amylose

7) Write the reactions showing the presence of following in the open

structure of glucose:
(i) a carbonyl group
(ii) Straight chain with six carbon atoms
Ans. i)

ii)

8) Amino acids are

a) acidic b) basic c) amphoteric d) neutral
Ans.(c)

9) Di erentiate between following:

(i) Amylose and Amylopectin