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Seminar Team 2 Data Comm

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31 views27 pages

Seminar Team 2 Data Comm

Uploaded by

9310 GAUTAM V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data

Communication
Terminologies
Concept of
Communication
Data communication involves the
transfer of data between connected
devices, such as computers, printers,
servers, and switches. It encompasses
various forms of data, including text,
images, audio, and video.
Effective communication requires a
medium that facilitates
the exchange of information
between these devices,
enabling them to send
and receive data
seamlessly. This
connectivity is crucial for
network functionality, allowing for
efficient sharing and access to
resources.
Components of data communication
In a computing devices between two computing devices there are
FIVE most important aspects involved.

SENDER: A sender is a device that sends data over a network, such


as a computer, phone, tablet, smartwatch, walkie-talkie, or video
recording device.

RECEIVER: A receiver is a device that receives data from a network


and converts it into a message for a user. It can be any computer,
printer, laptop, mobile phone, television, etc. In computer
communication, the sender and receiver are known as nodes in a
network
MESSAGE: A message in computer communication can refer to the
information sent between computer systems, or the way in which
information is communicated between computer systems

COMMUNICATION MEDIA: It is the path through which the message


travels between source and destination. It is also called medium or
link which is either wired or wireless. The communication media is
also called transmission media.

PROTOCOLS: Network protocols are a set of rules outlining how


connected devices communicate across a network to exchange
information easily and safely.
Measuring Capacity of
Communication Media
DATA CHANNEL/PATH: Medium to carry information from 1 point to
another
DATA TRANSFER RATE:
Amount of data transfer in unit time
If Q= amount of data transfer in time T
Data Tranfer rate = Q/T
Units of rate of data transfer:
a. Baud
b. bits/second
c. bytes/second
bits/second :
The first letter is small
Eg: kilobits/second
Bytes/second :
1st letter is Capital
Eg: Kilobytes/second
BANDWIDTH: It’s defined in DIGITAL system and ANALOG system
Digital system :
. The signal waves are discrete
. They interpret in binary values
Bandwidth in digital: Maximum rate of data transfer across given path
Analog system:
. Signal waves are continuous
. Can have values everywhere
Bandwidth in analog: Difference between HIGHEST and
LOWEST frequency signal component.
Common misconception : we think bandwidth and speed of
data transfer are similar. But they are different
- Bandwidth: amount of data transferred
- Speed: how fast is data transferred
Switching Techniques
Circuit and Packet Switching
What is Switching Technique?
Switching techniques are used for transmitting data across
networks

Circuit Switching:
Circuit Switching is a communication method where a
dedicated path is established between the sender and
receiver for the entire duration of the communication session.
This ensures assured bandwidth and predictable performance
during the connection.
However, it takes time to establish the circuit before data
transmission can begin.
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is a prime
example of a circuit-switched network.
While it ensures continuous communication, it can be
inefficient as the dedicated path remains reserved even when
no data is being transmitted.
Packet Switching:
What are packets?
Message broken into smaller parts for transmitting. These
smaller parts are packets
What is packet switching?
A mode of data transmission of packets which are sent
independently, over whatever route is optimum for each
packet, and reassembled at the destination
What are the two important parts of a packet:
The header - which contains information such as source
address, destination address and sequence number.
The main part - which contains the message
How do they work?
1. Packets will travel across the network, taking the shortest
path as possible.
2. All the packets are reassembled at the receiving end in
correct order.
3. If any packet is missing or corrupted, then the message will
be sent to resend the message.
4. If the correct order of the packets is reached, then the
acknowledgment message will be sent.
Difference between Packet and Circuit Switching:

CIRCUIT PACKAGE

Has there are 3 phases:


i) Connection In Packet switching
Establishment. directly data transfer
ii) Data Transfer. takes place.
iii) Connection Released.

Example: Telephone Example: Ethernet


IP Address
Questions:
What is communication media otherwise called as?
What are some examples of devices that can act as a reciever in
data communication?
What forms can a message take when exchanged between a
sender and a receiver?
Difference between speed and bandwidth
Identify the unit, Gbps:
a. giga bytes per second
b. giga bits per second
c. None
"Compare and contrast circuit switching and packet switching in
computer networks. Discuss their key characteristics and suitable
applications. Provide examples to illustrate your points.
What is used to divide the IP address into network and host
portions?
What are the uses and importance of IP address?
What is DNS used for?
Thank you

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