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6 views19 pages

BDA Section 4

Uploaded by

abdo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY & MARITIME TRANSPORT

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Big Data Analytics


Sec 03
Eng. Ahmed Mahmoud Nazif

1
R data structure

2
Lists

3
Lists
• A list in R can contain many different data types or structures inside it, like:
numbers, character, or even vector and other lists.
• To create a list, use the list() function.
• Example:
my_list <- list("apple" , 20 , TRUE , c(1,2,3) , 10.5)
my_list

#get list length


length(my_list)

4
Naming a list
• You can name list elements by 2 ways: while defining the list or
using names() function.
lst <- list(name= "ahmed", age= 20 , tall=170)
lst

#using names()
lst <- list("ahmed", 20 , 170)
names(lst)<-c("name" , "age" , "tall")
lst

5
Check type
lst <- list(name= "ahmed", age= 20 , tall=170)
lst

# to display structure
str(lst)

6
Access & change list elements
• Like vectors you can access single element or multiple elements using element index
or refer to the element by its name.
#access element
lst <- list(name= "ahmed", age= 20 , tall=170)
lst [1]
lst["name"]

#Change element
lst [1] <- "mohamed“
or
lst["name"]<- "mohamed"

7
Add elements to list
You can add element by assign to index or using the append() function
Examples:
#Add “cherry" to the list:
fruits <- list("banana", "apple", "mango")
fruits[4] <- "cherry“
#Using append()
fruits <- list("banana", "apple", "mango")
fruits<- append(fruits, "cherry")
fruits

• Add element in specified position


#add “cherry” after “apple”
fruits <- list("banana", "apple", "mango")
fruits<- append(fruits, "cherry“, after=2) 8

fruits
Remove element from list

fruits <- list("banana", "apple", "mango“, “cherry”)


fruits["cherry"]<- NULL
Fruits
or by index
fruits <- list("banana", "apple", "mango“, “cherry”)
fruits[4]<- NULL
Fruits

9
Data Frames

10
Data Frames
• A data frame is a table or a two-dimensional array-like structure in
which each column contains values of one variable and each row
contains one set of values from each column.
Following are the characteristics of a data frame:
• The column names should be non-empty.

• The row names should be unique.

• The data stored in a data frame can be of numeric or character type.


• Each column should contain same number of data items.

11
• To create a DataFrame in R from one or more vectors of the same length, we use the data.frame()
function.
# basic syntax is as follows
df <- data.frame(vector_1, vector_2)
• Example:
name <- c('Mohamed', 'Ahmed', 'Nour', 'Menna')
age <- c(20,30,40,50)
country <- c('Australia', 'Italy', 'Egypt', 'China')
salary <- c(2000, 1800, 1700, 1000)
Data <- data.frame(name, age, country, salary)
print(Data)
# we can provide all the vectors directly in the following function:
Data <- data.frame(name = c('Mohamed', 'Ahmed', 'Nour', 'Menna'),
age = c(20,30,40,50),
country = c('Australia', 'Italy', 'Egypt', 'China'),
salary = c(2000, 1800, 1700, 1000))
print(Data) 12
Define the columnand rownames
# we use an optional parameter row.names, as follows:

Data <- data.frame(name = c('Mohamed', 'Ahmed', 'Nour', 'Menna'),


age = c(20,30,40,50),
country = c('Australia', 'Italy', 'Egypt', 'China'),
salary = c(2000, 1800, 1700, 1000),
row.names=c('row_1', 'row_2', 'row_3', 'row_4'))
print(Data)

# we can rename the columns of a DataFrame after its creation using the names() function:

names(Data) <- c('col_1', 'col_2', 'col_3', 'col_4')


print(Data)
13
Access Data Frame elements
• We can use single brackets [ ], double brackets [[ ]] or $ to access columns from a data frame.
• Example:
Data <- data.frame(name = c('Mohamed', 'Ahmed', 'Nour', 'Menna'),
age = c(20,30,40,50),
country = c('Australia', 'Italy', 'Egypt', 'China'),
salary = c(2000, 1800, 1700, 1000))
print(Data)

Data[3]
Data[["country"]]
Data$country
14
Add Rows and Columns
• Use the cbind() function to add additional columns and rbind() to add additional rows in a data frame.

Note: The cells in the new column or row must be of the same length as the existing data frame.
#Add a new row
New_row_DF <- rbind(Data, c("Mona", 110,"Italy" ,1100))
New_row_DF

# Add a new column


New_col_DF <- cbind(Data, Steps = c(1000, 6000, 5000,2000))
New_col_DF

..
15
Remove Rows and Columns
• using the c() function to remove rows and columns in a Data frame.
Data <- data.frame(name = c('Mohamed', 'Ahmed', 'Nour', 'Menna'),
age = c(20,30,40,50),
country = c('Australia', 'Italy', 'Egypt', 'China'),
salary = c(2000, 1800, 1700, 1000))
print(Data)
# Remove the first row and column
Data_New <- Data[-c(1), -c(1)]
Data_New

16
# Get column names
names(Data)

# to display structure
str(Data)

# dim() function to find the number of rows and columns


dim(Data)

#Dataframe length
length(Data) 17
# Display first 6 rows of the data
head(Data)

# Display last 6 rows of the data


tail(Data)

# Specify number of rows for head or tail


head(Data,n=2)
tail(Data,n=2)

# Use the summary() function to summarize the data from a Data Frame.
summary(Data)

. 18
Thanks
19

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