S.Udayakumar PGT (Chemistry) LBK Wisdom Matric Hr.Sec.School, 35, Ayanperayur, Perambalur- 621 117.

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF GIVEN INORGANIC SIMPLE SALT

A. PRELIMINARY DRY REACTIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Colour: Blue /Green May be Copper salts
The Colour of given salt is noted.
Brown May be an iron(ferric) salt

Colourless Absence of Copper and Iron

Salts
2. Appearance a) Powder May be carbonate or sulphide.
The appearance of the given salt is
noted. b) Crystalline Absence of carbonate

3. (a)Solubility in dil.HCl a)Soluble Absence of Lead

A little of the given salt is dissolved in
dil.HCl in a test tube b) Insoluble May be Lead
(b) Solubility in water
A little of the given salt is dissolved in a)InSoluble May be Carbonate
distilled water in a test tube
b) Soluble Absence of Carbonate
4. Action of heat : i) Reddish brown gas May be Nitrate
Little of the salt is heated in a dry test
tube. ii)Pungent smelling gas
giving dense white fumes May be Ammonium
with glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl

iii)Yellow when hot, May be Zinc

whitewhen cooled.

No characteristic change Absence of Nitrate,

Ammonium and Zinc
5. Flame test : i) Brick red flame Presence of Calcium
Little of the salt is made into a paste
with conc. HCl in a watch glass and it ii) Apple green flame Presence of Barium
is burnt by the nonluminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a glass rod. iii) Bluish green flame Presence of copper

No characteristics flame Absence of Calcium, Barium

and Copper

B.WED REACTIONS

6. Action of dil.HCl: i) A colourless gas with Presence of Carbonate is

Salt + dil.HCl and heated brisk effervescence confirmed
turning lime water milky
is evolved.

ii) Rotten egg smelling gas Presence of Sulphide is

turning lead acetate paper confirmed
black.
This procedure is based on new syllabus +1 (2018-2019) Contact: 8300350320 / 8056966535
 S.Udayakumar PGT (Chemistry) LBK Wisdom Matric Hr.Sec.School, 35, Ayanperayur, Perambalur- 621 117.

iii) Reddish brown gas

with the fishy odour
turning a moist ferrous Presence of Nitrate
sulphate paper brown

Absence of Nitrate,
No characteristic change Carbonate & Sulphide
7. Action of Conc.H2SO4: i) A colourless gas evolves.
Salt +Conc. H2SO4 +heated. It gives a dense white
fumes when a glass rod Presence of chloride
dipped in liquid ammonia
is brought close to its
mouth.
ii) A reddish brown gas
turning moist fluorescein Presence of bromide
paper green evolves.
Reddish brown gas
turning acidified ferrous Presence of nitrate
sulphate paper green
evolves.

No characteristic change. Absence of Cl, Br,& NO3

8. Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4: i) A greenish yellow gas
Salt + MnO2 + Conc. H2SO4 and heated. turning starch iodide Presence of chloride
paper blue evolves.

ii) A reddish brown gas

turning moist fluorescein Presence of Bromide
paper red evolves

No characteristic change. Absence of Chloride, Bromide

9. Action of Conc.H2SO4Copper
turning test: Reddish brown gas Presence of Nitrate
Salt + Copper turnings + conc.
H2SO4 and heated. No reddish brown gas Absence of Nitrate
10. Action of dil.NaOH: Pungent smelling gas
Salt + dil.NaOH+ heated giving dense white fumes Presence of Ammonium salt
with glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl
No pungent smelling gas Absence of Ammonium salt
11. Chromyl chloride test: Red orange vapours
Salt + K2Cr2O7 + conc.H2SO4 and evolved is passed through
heated. Lead acetate solution, Presence of Chloride is
yellow precipitate is Confirmed
formed.

No red orange vapours Absence of Chloride

Evolved

This procedure is based on new syllabus +1 (2018-2019) Contact: 8300350320 / 8056966535

 S.Udayakumar PGT (Chemistry) LBK Wisdom Matric Hr.Sec.School, 35, Ayanperayur, Perambalur- 621 117.
C. REACTIONS USING SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT
Preparation of Sodium Carbonate extract:
A mixture of one part of given salt and three part of sodium carbonate is boiled with distilled water and
filtered. The clear filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

12. Test for halides: i) Curdy white precipitate Presence of Chloride
Extract + dil. HNO3 + AgNO3
ii) A pale yellow Presence of Bromide
precipitate

iii) Black precipitate Presence of Sulphide

No characteristic Absence of Chloride,

precipitate Bromide and sulphide

13. BaCl2 test: White precipitate

Extract + dil. HCl +BaCl2 insoluble in Conc.HCl Sulphate is confirmed

No white precipitate Absence of Sulphate

14. Lead acetate test: White precipitate soluble
Extract+CH3COOH+ Pb(CH3COO) in ammonium acetate. Sulphate is confirmed
(Lead acetate)
No White precipitate Absence of Sulphate
15. Silver nitrate test: A curdy white precipitate
Extract + dil.HNO 3 + AgNO3 soluble in NH4OH is Chloride is confirmed
obtained
No White precipitate Absence of Chloride
16. Brown Ring test: Extract +dil.H2SO4 + Brown ring is formed at
freshly prepared FeSO4 and conc. H2SO4 the junction of the two Nitrate is confirmed
is added along the sides of the test tube . liquids
No Brown ring Absence of nitrate
17. Ammonium molybdate test: A canary yellow Presence of Phosphate
Extract + dil. HNO3 + ammonium precipitate is formed.
molybdate and Conc. HNO3
No yellow precipitate Absence of Phosphate

18. Test with sodium nitro bruside: A purple or violet Presence of Sulphide.
Extract + dil .ammonia + sodium colouration appears
nitro bruside.
No purple or violet Absence of Sulphide
colouration

ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICALS

Preparation of original solution:

The given salt is dissolved in distilled water. The solution obtained is known as original solution. (CaCO3,
MgCO3, CuCO3, ZnS are used in dil.HCl or dil.HNO3)

This procedure is based on new syllabus +1 (2018-2019) Contact: 8300350320 / 8056966535

 S.Udayakumar PGT (Chemistry) LBK Wisdom Matric Hr.Sec.School, 35, Ayanperayur, Perambalur- 621 117.
GROUP SEPARATION

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Original Solution + dil. HCl White precipitate Presence of I group Lead

No White precipitate Absence of I group Lead

2. Original Solution + dil. HCl+ H2S gas is Black precipitate Presence of II group Cu
passed
No Black precipitate Absence of II group Cu
3. Original Solution + NH4Cl + NH4OH White precipitate Presence of III group
Aluminium or Ferric iron
No White precipitate Absence of III group Al, Fe
4. Original Solution + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Dirty white precipitate Presence of IV group Zinc
H2S gas is passed
No dirty white precipitate Absence of IV group Zinc
5. Original Solution + NH4Cl + NH4OH + White precipitate Presence of V group
(NH4)2CO3 Barium or Calcium
No White precipitate Absence of V group Ba, Ca
6. Original solution + NH4Cl + NH4OH + White precipitate Presence of VI group Mg
Na2HPO4 (disodium hydrogen
phosphate) No White precipitate Absence of VI group Mg
7. Original solution + NaOH + Nessler’s Chocolate brown Presence of Ammonium
reagent. Precipitate is obtained (Zero group)

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Lead (Group I) Yellow precipitate Lead is confirmed
Original solution + KI solution
2. Copper (Group II) Original solution
+Acetic acid + K4[Fe(CN)6] Red brown precipitate Copper is confirmed
3. Aluminium (Group III) Original Red lake obtained Aluminium is confirmed
solution + aluminon reagent
4. Ferric Iron (Group III) Original
solution + Na2O2 + dil HCl Blue precipitate Ferric iron is confirmed
+ K3[Fe(CN)6]
5. Zinc (Group IV)
Original solution + K4[Fe(CN)6] White precipitate Zinc is confirmed
6. Barium (Group V)
Original solution + K2Cr2O4 Yellow precipitate Barium is confirmed
7. Calcium(Group V)
Original solution + NH4OH + White precipitate Calcium is confirmed
(NH4)2C2O4 (Ammonium oxalate)
8. Magnesium (Group VI)
Original solution + NaOH + Blue precipitate Magnesium is confirmed
Magneson reagent
9. Ammonium ( Group 0)
Original solution + NaOH + Nessler’s Brown precipitate Ammonium is confirmed
reagent
Result: The given simple salt contains Acid radical ______________
Basic radical _____________
The given simple salt is__________________

This procedure is based on new syllabus +1 (2018-2019) Contact: 8300350320 / 8056966535