Mix Design of Concrete Calculation For M20,

M25 & M30 [Pdf]

By Bhushan Mahajan
Mix design concrete is a crucial process in the concrete making that
involves determining the proportions and ingredients of concrete to
achieve the desired strength, workability, durability, and other
properties. It is essential to design a concrete mix that meets the
specific requirements of a construction project.

The mix design of concrete takes into account various factors such as
the compressive strength required, the type and size of aggregates,
the water-cement ratio, the shape of coarse aggregates, the
workability needed, the exposure conditions, and the type of cement
used. These factors play a crucial role in determining the performance
and longevity of the concrete structure.

Post Contents
 Mix Design of Concrete
o Data Required Mix Design
 Mix Design of Concrete Procedure
o Step-1 Determining the Target Strength of Concrete
o Step-2 Determining Water-Cement ratio
o Step-3 Selection of Water Content for Mix
o Step-4 Selection of Cement Content for Mix
o Step-5 Estimation of Coarse Aggregate Proportion for Mix
o Step-6 Estimation of the Mix Materials
o Concrete Mix Proportions for Concrete Trial Mix -1
o Step-7 Correction for Absorption / Moisture of Aggregate
o Step-8 Concrete Trail Mixes
 M 25 Mix Design

Mix Design of Concrete

The calculate mix design for concrete following step to be followed.
Mix Design
Data Required Mix Design

i. Design Data

(a) Characteristic compressive strength of concrete required at end of

28 days = M 25

(b) Nominal maximum size of aggregate used = 20 mm

(c) Shape of Coarse Aggregate = Angular

(d) Required workability at site = 50-75 mm (slump Value)

(e) Quality control is done as per IS: 456 – 2000

(f) Type of exposure Condition of concrete (as defined in IS: 456) =

Mild
(g) Type of cement used = PSC conforming IS: 456 – 2000

(h) Method of placing Concrete on Site = pumpable concrete

(ii) Material testing data (determined in the laboratory)

(a) Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

(b) Specific gravity of FA = 2.64

(c) Specific gravity of CA = 2.84

(d) Aggregates are assumed to be having surface dry conditions.

(e) Fine aggregates are confirmed to Zone II of IS – 383

Mix Design of Concrete Procedure

The following steps are to be followed for concrete mix design
calculation,

Step-1 Determining the Target Strength of Concrete

Himsworth constant for 5% risk factor is 1.65 & standard deviation is

taken from IS: 456 2000 for M – 25 Grade of concrete is 4.0.
Standard Deviation
ftarget = fck + 1.65 x S

= 25 + 1.65 x 4.0 = 31.6 N/mm2

Where,

S = Standard Deviation (N/mm2) = 4 (Refer: IS 10262- 2009 table -1)

Step-2 Determining Water-Cement ratio

Refer: IS 456, (page no 20) Table 5

Maximum water-cement ratio taken for Mild exposure condition = 0.55

Assume the water-cement ratio as 0.50 for the experiment base

0.5 < 0.55, hence it is OK.

Step-3 Selection of Water Content for Mix

Refer: IS 10262- 2009 Table 2

Maximum water content is taken = 186 Kg (maximum size of

aggregate = 20 mm)Correction in water content is

Estimated water content for mix = 186+ (3/100) x 186 = 191.6 kg /m 3

Step-4 Selection of Cement Content for Mix

 Water-cement ratio = 0.50

 Corrected water content for mix = 191.6 kg /m3
 Refer to IS 456 – 2000, Table 5
 Minimum cement Content required for mild exposure condition =
300 kg/m3
 383.2 kg/m3 > 300 kg/m3, hence, OK.
 This value is required to be checked for durability
requirements from IS: 456 – 2000
 In this example for mild exposure and for reinforced concrete, the
minimum cement content is 300 kg/m3 which is less than 383.2
kg/m3. Hence cement content adopted = 383.2 kg/m3.
 IS: 456: 2000, clause 8.2.4.2
 Maximum cement content for mix = 450 kg/m 3.
Read More: Building Estimation Excel Sheet Free Download

Step-5 Estimation of Coarse Aggregate Proportion for Mix

Refer to IS 10262- 2009, Table 3

 For Nominal max. size of aggregate for mix = 20 mm,

 Zone of fine aggregate = Zone II
 And For w/c = 0.5
 The volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of Concrete =
0.62
Table for Correction in Estimation of Coarse Aggregate Proportion
(Note 1: For every ±0.05 increase or decrease change in w/c, the
coarse aggregate proportion is to be changed by 0.01. If the w/c is less
than 0.5.)

The volume of coarse aggregate is required to be increased to reduce

the fine aggregate content in the mix. If the water-cement ratio is
more than 0.5, the volume of coarse aggregate is to be reduced to
increase the fine aggregate content.

If the coarse aggregate is not of an angular shape, the volume of

coarse aggregate is required to be increased suitably, based on
experience-based.)

(Note 2: For pumpable concrete or congested reinforcement in

structure the coarse aggregate proportion may be reduced up to 10%)

Hence, the Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total

Volume of concrete = 0.62 x 90% = 0.558

Volume of fine aggregate in mix = 1 – 0.558 = 0.442

Step-6 Estimation of the Mix Materials

The volume of concrete is taken = 1 m3

Volume of cement = (Weight of cement / Specific gravity of cement) x

(1/100) = (383.2/3.15) x (1/1000) = 0.122 m 3

The volume of water = (Weight of water / Specific gravity of water) x

(1/1000)

= (191.6/1) x (1/1000) = 0.1916 m3

Volume of aggregates = a – (b + c ) = 1 – (0.122 + 0.1916) = 0.6864

m3

Weight of coarse aggregates = 0.6864 x 0.558 x 2.84 x 1000 =

1087.75 kg/m3
Weight of fine aggregates = 0.6864 x 0.442 x 2.64 x 1000 = 800.94
kg/m3

Concrete Mix Proportions for Concrete Trial Mix -1

 Cement = 383.2 kg/m3

 Water = 191.6 kg/m3
 Fine aggregates = 800.94 kg/m3
 Coarse aggregate = 1087.75 kg/m3
 W/c = 0.5
 For trial -1 of concrete in the lab & to check its properties.
 It will satisfy durability & economy.
 For making trial -1, the mass of ingredients required will be
calculated for 4 no’s cubes assuming 25% wastage.
 Volume of concrete required for Making 4 cubes = 4 x
(0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3
 Wt. of Cement = (383.2 x 0.016878) kg/m 3 = 6.47 kg
 Wt. of Water = (191.6 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.23 kg
 Wt. of Coarse aggregate = (1087.75 x 0.016878) kg/m 3 =18.36
kg
 Wt. of Fine aggregates = (800.94 x 0.016878) kg/m 3 = 13.52 kg
Downloads: Excel Sheet for Concrete Mix Design as per is 10262-2009

Step-7 Correction for Absorption / Moisture of Aggregate

As we assumed the aggregate is a saturated surface dry condition,

therefore no correction is required.

Step-8 Concrete Trail Mixes

Concrete Trial Mix 1

 The mix proportion is determined in Step 6 Make trial mix -1 &

with this proportion, concrete is manufactured and tested for
fresh concrete properties requirements like workability, bleeding,
and finishing qualities.
 In this Trial Mix,
 Slump value = 25 mm
 Compaction Factor = 0.844
  From the Mix Slum test, the concrete is workable and had a true
slump of about 25 mm and it is free from segregation and
bleeding.
 Required slump = 50-75 mm
 So modifications and changes are needed in trial mix 1 to get the
desired workability.
Concrete Trial Mix 2

 To increase the workability of concrete mix from 25 mm to 50-75

mm an increase in water content by +3% is to be made.
 The corrected water content for mix = 191.6 x 1.03 = 197.4 kg.
 As mentioned earlier to adjust fresh concrete properties the
water-cement ratio should not be changed. Hence
 Cement Content = (197.4/0.5) = 394.8 kg/m3
 Which also need to satisfy durability requirement.
 Volume of aggregate in Concrete = 1 – [{394.8/(3.15×1000)} +
{197.4/(1 x 1000)}] = 0.6773 m3
 Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.6773 x 0.558 x 2.84 x 1000 =
1073.33 kg/m3
 Weight of fine aggregate = 0.6773 x 0.442 x 2.64 x 1000 = 790.3
kg/m3
Concrete Mix Proportions for Trial Mix 2

 Weight of Cement = 384.8 kg/m3

 Weight of Water = 197.4 kg/m3
 Weight of Fine aggregate =790.3 kg/m3
 Weight of Coarse aggregate = 1073.33 kg/m3
 For making trial -2, the Weight of material required will be
calculated for 4 no’s cubes assuming 25% wastage.
 Volume of concrete required for 4 cubecasting = 4 x
(0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3
 Weight of Cement = (384.8 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 6.66 kg
 Weight of Water = (197.4 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.33 kg
 Weight of Coarse aggregate = (1073.33 x 0.016878)
kg/m3 =18.11 kg
 Weight of Fine aggregates = (790.3 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 13.34
kg
 In this trial Mix,
 Slump value for mix = 60 mm
 Compaction Factor for mix = 0.852
 So, from the results of the slump of Mix, the concrete is workable
and had a true slump of about 60 mm.
  Required slump = 50-75 mm
 So, it satisfied the desired workability by satisfying the
requirement of a 50-75 mm slump value.
 Now, we have to go for trial mix-3
Concrete Trial Mix 3

 In this trial mix water/cement ratio is to be decreased by 10%

keeping the water content constant.
 Water cement ratio = 0.45
 With the reduction of 0.05 in w/c, we have to increase of coarse
aggregate fraction by 0.01.
 Coarse aggregate fraction in mix = 0.558 +0.01 =0.568
 W/c = 0.45 and water content for mix = 197.4 kg/m 3
 Cement content for mix = (197.4/0.45) = 438.7 kg/m3
 Volume aggregate in total volume of concrete = 1 –
[{438.7/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] = 0.664 m 3
 Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.664 x 0.568 x 2.84 x 1000 =
1071.11 kg/m3
 Weight of fine aggregate = 0.664 x 0.432 x 2.64 x 1000 = 757.28
kg/m3
M 25 Mix Design
For the Compressive Strength of concrete vs. C/W graph for a
target strength of 31.6 MPa, we found

 Water cement ratio = 0.44

 Weight of water content = 197.4 kg/m3
 Weight of Cement content = (197.4/0.44) = 448.6 kg/m 3
 The volume of aggregate in a total volume of concrete = 1 –
[{448.6/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] = 0.660 m 3With a
reduction of 0.05 in w/c, we have to increase of coarse aggregate
fraction by 0.01.
 Coarse aggregate volume = 0.558 +0.01 = 0.568 m 3
 Volume of fine aggregate in mix = 1 – 0.568 = 0.432 m3
 Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.660 x 0.568 x 2.84 x 1000
= 1064.65 kg/m3
 Weight of fine aggregate = 0.660 x 0.432 x 2.64 x 1000 = 752.71
kg/m3