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Obstical Avoiding Bot

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23 views8 pages

Obstical Avoiding Bot

Uploaded by

h01713717024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Project Report

Submitted by,

Name: Marjan Akter


ID: 20210105194
Name: Abdullah Al Noman
ID: 20210105208
Name: Ahmed Shovon
ID: 20210105210
Name: Hasan Al Sammi
ID: 20210105211
Year: 3rd Semester: 2nd
Section: D
NAME OF THE PROJECT: Obstacle Detecting and Avoiding Robot

OBJECTIVE: This project report details the design, development, and implementation of an
obstacle-avoiding robot. The robot is equipped with various sensors to detect obstacles and
navigate autonomously within an environment. The objective of this project is to enhance
robotic navigation systems and improve efficiency in various applications such as warehouse
automation, delivery systems, and search-and-rescue operations. By combining hardware and
software components, the robot aims to effectively maneuver through different terrains while
avoiding collisions.

EQUIPMENTS:

1. Microcontroller:
The heart of the robot is the Arduino Uno, chosen for its extensive community support
and versatility. It can handle multiple inputs from sensors and control motor functions
seamlessly.
2. Sensors:
Ultrasonic Sensors (HC-SR04): These sensors are used to measure distance by emitting
sound waves and measuring the time taken for the echo to return. Two ultrasonic
sensors are mounted on the front of the robot to detect obstacles in its path.
3. Motor Driver:
A motor driver, also known as a control motor, is an electronic device or module that
controls and manages the operation of an electric motor.
4. DC Motors:
The robot uses two DC motors for propulsion, which are controlled via an H-bridge
motor driver allowing for forward, backward, and turning movements.
5. Buck Converter:
A buck converter or step-down converter is a DC-to-DC converter which decreases
voltage, while increasing current, from its input (supply) to its output (load).
6. Servo motor:
Servo motors or “servos” are electronic devices and rotary or linear actuators that rotate
and push parts of a machine with precision. Here servos are mainly used on angular or
linear position with specific velocity, and acceleration.

IMPLEMENTATION:

1. Circuit Design:
The circuit is designed to ensure that the microcontroller, sensors, and motors
communicate effectively. A breadboard setup was initially used for prototyping, allowing
for easy modifications. The final design integrates all components into a compact layout.
Ultrasonic Sensors trig pin is connected at DPIN 7 and eco pin is connected at DPIN 6 of
the uno and motor driver is connected with DPIN 12, 13, 5 and 4.

2. Project Picture:

3. CODING:
The core algorithm operates as follows:
• Initialization: Set up sensors and motors upon starting the robot.
• Obstacle Detection: Continuously monitor the distance readings from ultrasonic
and infrared sensors.
• Decision Making: If an obstacle is detected within a threshold distance (e.g., 15
cm), the robot stops and turns. If no obstacles are detected, the robot continues
moving forward. For movement we create forward(), back() ,right() ,left() and
stop() function.
• Maneuvering: The robot executes a turn, utilizing a randomization function to
choose between left and right turns, minimizing the chances of repeated
collisions.
Testing Procedures:

Testing was conducted in a controlled environment. Key metrics evaluated included:

• Obstacle Detection Accuracy: Assessed through various obstacle shapes and sizes.
• Maneuverability: Evaluated by observing how well the robot navigated through a series
of obstacles in a maze-like setup.
• Response Time: Measured the time taken from obstacle detection to maneuver
execution.

Performance Evaluation:

• Success Rate: The robot achieved a success rate of approximately 85% in avoiding
collisions across different test scenarios. This was particularly noteworthy in cluttered
environments where dynamic adjustments were essential.
• Speed: The robot maintained an average speed of 0.5 m/s, which proved effective for
navigating indoor environments. Speed adjustments were made based on proximity to
detected obstacles.
• Battery Life: The robot demonstrated an operational life of about 2 hours under
continuous usage, which was sufficient for most tasks. Battery performance varied
slightly with changes in terrain and speed.

Challenges Encountered:

• Sensor Interference: In crowded environments, ultrasonic sensors sometimes produced


false readings due to overlapping sound waves. This was mitigated by implementing
filters to ignore erratic readings.
• Environmental Variability: Different surface materials (carpet, tile, concrete) affected
the robot's traction and speed, necessitating further adjustments.

Conclusion:

The obstacle-avoiding robot effectively demonstrates the potential for autonomous navigation
in various settings. The successful integration of hardware and software components highlights
the feasibility of creating intelligent robotic systems capable of real-time decision-making. The
project lays the groundwork for more advanced robotic systems that can adapt to dynamic
surroundings.

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