What is MANAGEMENT?

Learners must be able to:

• Explain the meaning of the term Management.

• Name & discuss the three levels of management.
• Name and Discuss the four tasks of management.
 INTRODUCTION
• A successful business owner needs to be both a strong leader and
manager to get their team on board to follow them towards their
vision of success.

• Leadership is about getting people to understand and believe in your

vision and to work with you to achieve your goals while managing is more
about administering and making sure the day-to-day things are
happening as they should.
• For businesses and / organizations to be run successfully good managers
and leaders are needed.

• BASELINE

• Q: Name the three levels of government.

• Q: Name members of school management team.

Educators and
Administrative
staff
 What is MANAGEMENT?
IT CAN BE BEST DEFINED AS:

• Being in charge of a project or other people that

needs to be directed to reach certain goals.

• Management is the science of co-ordinating activities

in order to get the best results.
• It is the practical task of bringing the factors of
production together so that a business operates
effectively and efficiently.
THREE LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

TOP
MANAGEMENT
 MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

LOWER MANAGEMENT

1. TOP MANAGEMENT
⮚ The top level of management consists of the board of directors, chief executive officer
(CEO) or managing director (MD).
⮚ Gives direction and clarifies the vision of the business.
⮚ Set long-term goals for the business, for
example, expansion or growing of the
business in long term.
⮚ Ensure that departments are working
towards the businesses’ goals.
⮚Gives instructions to various departments
about aspects such as budgets, policies and
schedules and ensure all departments keep
to their budgets.
⮚Normally the owners of the business

2. MIDDLE
MANAGEMENT
⮚ They are the link between the top level
management and lower level management.
⮚ Middle level management comprises of
managers of different departments, such as
financial, administration, human resources,
finance and operations.
⮚ They execute the plans of the organization
according to the policies and directives of top
management.
⮚ They develop short-term goals and set monthly
targets. For an example; human resource may
fill vacant jobs with skilful personnel within a
period of six months.
3. LOWER MANAGEMENT
⮚ They are also known as the supervisory or operative level of management.

⮚ They are involved in the day-to-day operation

of the business.
⮚ Supervisors work with smaller teams and are
involved with problem-solving and decision
–making in relation to the daily activities of their
teams.

⮚ Other responsibilities include preparing

reports on performance of workers and
motivating workers.
 PLANNING
What is planning?

⮚ Planning is a management process, concerned with defining goals for company's

future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those targets.

⮚ Strategic planning is done by top management and refers to the activity of developing long-term
plans and strategies

⮚ To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan.
⮚ Short plans, i.e. monthly or planning over six months.
⮚ Planning also involves budgeting for business resources and activities so that money will be available
when it is needed.

⮚ The planning process (1) identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved, (2) formulates strategies
to achieve them, (3) arranges or creates the means required, and (4) implements, directs, and
monitors all steps in their proper sequence.
 ORGANIZING
⮚ Managers are responsible for organising the activities in a business.
⮚ Organising is the process of giving tasks to different people or groups so that goals can be
achieved.
⮚ It is the step after planning and anything that is well organised stands much more chance of being
successful.

⮚ Every person in the organisation should know what they must do, when it should be done and how
they should do it.
⮚Managers are responsible for organising their employees and systems to produce the most efficient
output for their business

Bringing all the pieces together,

making sure everyone knows
what they should do
 LEADING
⮚ Managers direct and motivate the workers to work as efficiently and effectively as possible.
⮚ Lead by example in the workplace by being on time, paying attention to details.
⮚ Check the quality of the work done and taking steps to improve it.
⮚ A good leader delegate tasks, allow other people to take control of situations for which the leader remain
accountable at the end.

⮚ To “delegate” means to hand over responsibility for a task to someone else.

 ANA tests and will be accountable if something does not go according to plan.

⮚ Give orders and instructions to

employees.
⮚ Deal with conflict and motivate workers

CONTROLLING

⮚ Controlling is checking / supervising employees to ensure that everybody is working according to plan.
⮚ It is a process of evaluating the actual performance and re-directing their behaviour when employees
are not doing their jobs according to plan.

⮚ The business must have set procedures and standards to deal with control successfully in order to
achieve its goals.

⮚ Managers need to ensure that all staff members are qualified to do their job.
⮚ If employees are not properly qualified, it is the manager’s responsibility to make sure employees are
properly trained.

⮚ Managers must check that the quality of goods and services are of a good standard.
⮚ Financial resources are controlled through budgets and financial analysis.

⮚ Managers must ensure that goals are reached within the planned timelines.
 Personal characteristics of good managers

⮚ Confidence: Good managers believe in themselves and have the confidence to know that they are
capable of getting the job done.

⮚ Self-motivated: Good managers are able to set their own goals and do not need external rewards
to motivate them.

⮚ Goal driven: Good managers are able to set goals and focus their attention on achieving goals.
⮚ Hard working and dedicated: Good managers are dedicated and committed to the organization.
⮚ Optimistic: Good managers tend to focus on the positive and see opportunities.
⮚ Calm: Good managers are not hampered by feeling nervous and they experience low levels of stress.

⮚Flexible: Good managers are flexible and able to adapt to changes.

⮚Team player: Good managers are able to work well with others.
 There are many more good qualities or characteristics of
good managers
Knowledge and Skills of good
managers

⮚ Business know-how: Good managers must have knowledge

about business practices and the legal aspects of doing
business.
⮚ Ability to delegate: Good managers must know when to delegate
and pass work on to others.
⮚ Ability to manage money: Good managers are able to keep
control of finances.
⮚ Good communication skills: Good managers have excellent
verbal and written communication skills.
 ⮚ Good relationship skills: Good managers are able to build and maintain relationships with
others.
⮚Good at coaching and developing others: Good managers
are prepared to invest time helping their employees develop
new skills

Personal Values of good

managers

⮚Respect for others

⮚Trustworthiness
⮚Honesty
⮚Patience
⮚Kindness
⮚Co-operation and collaboration