QUESTION BANK

ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
II B.TECH II SEM ECE Reg: R18

UNIT 1
AMPLITUDE MODULATION

PART A (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARK)

1. Explain the need for modulation in communication systems.

2. Define modulation index for AM?
3. Write the standard expression for AM wave?
4. List the generation methods of AM system
5. Draw the frequency spectrum of AM modulated wave?
6. Draw the time domain representation of AM wave ,when modulation index is
greater than one?
7. Write the advantages of DSB-SC over AM?
8. What is the band width of DSB SC signal
9. Give the expression of total power PT in AM & DSB SC.
10.What is amplitude modulation and calculate modulation index for an AM
wave?
11.What are the different detection methods of AM wave?
12.What is ring modulator & what are the advantages of ring modulator?
 13.Make the comparison between coherent and non coherent detection
14.Draw the amplitude modulations for different modulation index m>1,m=1.
15.With necessary equation, define transmission efficiency of an AM WAVE
16.Draw the frequency spectrum of DSB-SC modulated wave?
17.What is over modulation in AM wave & what is the effect of that?
18.What Is Quadrature null effect?
19.Give the advantage of COSTAS loop?
20.Draw the time domain representation of DSB-SC wave & mention its standard
expression.
21.What do you mean by multi tone amplitude modulation?
22.What is the formula for calculating efficiency of an AM wave?

UNIT 1

PART B (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS)

1. Define amplitude modulation with neat sketch & explain the need for
modulation in detail? [10M]
2. a)With a neat block diagram and explain the operation of Time division
multiplexing ? [6 M]
b) A 400W carrier is modulated on a depth of 75% calculate the total power in
the modulated wave in i) AM ii) DSB-SC [4M]
3. a) Explain The generation method of AM signal using Square Law Modulator
and derive it's equation? [6 M]
b) A carrier wave with amplitude 12 volts and frequency 10 MHz is amplitude
modulated to 50% level with a modulating frequency 1 KHz. Write down equation
of the above wave and sketch the wave form in frequency Domain? [4 M]
4. With a neat block diagram, explain the elements of Analog communication
system [10 M]
5. a) Explain the demodulation of AM using Envelope detector.[ 6 M]
b) Determine the power content of each of the side bands and of the carrier of an
AM signal that has a percentage modulation of 85% and contains 1200 watt of
total power.[4M]
6. Explain the principle used in balanced modulator and describe how a DSB-SC
signal is generated using balanced/Ring modulator? [10 M]
7. a)Explain the detection of DSB-SC wave using coherent detector ? [6 M]
b) Calculate the total power (Pt) required for DSB-SC ? [4 M]
8. Draw the circuit diagram of COSTAS loop and Recover the original message
signal from a DSB-SC signal by using COSTAS loop?[10 M]
9. a)Derive the equation for total power ( PT) of AM wave in terms of its
modulation index. [6M]
b) Determine the total power radiated when modulated to 30%,A transmitter
supplies 8kw to the antenna when unmodulated . [4 M]
10. Describe how a DSB-SC signal is generated ?[6M]
b) Calculate the total power (Pt) required for DSB-SC ?[4M]

UNIT 2
SSB-SC MODULATION
PART A (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARK)
 1. List advantages of SSB-SC over DSB-SC?

2. Draw the frequency spectrum of VSB modulated wave and state the

advantages?
3. Write the expression for SSB and What is Hilbert Transform?

4. What is Vestigial Side band?

5. Define Hilbert Transform?

6. Draw the frequency spectrum of SSB with LSB

7. Draw the frequency spectrum of SSB with USB

8. Compare side band suppression methods?

9. List Applications of VSB?

10. What about the transmission power saving in SSB?

11. What are the methods for SSB generation?

12. Write the expression for SSB and VSB Waves.

13. Draw the frequency spectrum of SSB-SC modulated wave and state the

advantages?
14. Classify the methods for SSB-SC generation?

15. What is the % of power saving in SSB-SC when compare to conventional

AM ?

UNIT 2

PART B (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS)

 1. With a neat block diagram explain how a SSB wave is generated using
Phase Discriminator method with only USB is transmitted and by rejecting
the LSB [10M]

2. Generate the SSB-SC signal using frequency discriminator method? [10M]

3. a) Draw the block diagram for the demodulation of a SSB-SC signal and
explain the principle of operation. [6M]
b) Compare all amplitude modulation techniques. [4M]
4. a) Explain the principle of VSB Transmission . Compare VSB over SSB in all
aspects? [6M]

b) Calculate the % of power saving in SSB-SC w.r.t to DSB-SC and also find the
efficiency of SSB-SC?
[4M]

5. a) With a neat block diagram explain how a SSB wave is generated using Phase
Discriminator method with only LSB is transmitted and by rejecting the USB
[6M]
b) Calculate the % of power saving in SSB-SC w.r.t to conventional AM ? and also
find the efficiency of SSB-SC? [4M]

6.a) Explain the principle of operation of VSB transmission and reception ,draw its
frequency spectrum?[6M]

b) Explain the applications of various AM Systems [4M]

7. a) Explain the principle of SSB-SC transmission and draw its frequency

spectrum for both sidebands individually?[6M]
b) Draw the block diagram for the demodulation of a VSB signal and explain the
principle of operation. [4M]
8. a) Draw the block diagram for the modulation of a VSB signal and explain the
principle of operation. [6M]

b) The o/p current of 60% modulation Am generator is 1.5A to what value will this
current rise if the generator is modulated additionally by another audio wave:
Whose modulation index is 0.7 ?What will be the percentage power saving if the
carrier and one of the sidebands are now suppressed? [4M]

UNIT 3
ANGLE MODULATION
PART A (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARK)
1. Define & Write the expression for Carson’s rule?
2. What is Angle modulation? Classify different types of Angle modulation?
3. Define modulation index and frequency deviation in FM.
4. List out generation and detection methods of FM.
5. Define frequency modulation.
6. Draw the FM and PM wave for sine wave modulating signal.
7. Define the terms carrier swing, highest frequency attained in FM?
8. What do you mean by multitone frequency modulation?
9. Define phase modulation.
10.How PM wave can be converted to FM wave?
11.How FM wave can be converted to PM wave?
12.What are the types of Frequency Modulation?
13. What are the two methods of producing an FM wave?
14.List the properties of the Bessel function.
15.Give the average power of an FM signal.
16.Compare FM and PM wave.
17.What are the disadvantages of balanced slope detector?
18. What is the basic difference between an AM signal and a narrowband FM
signal?
19. A carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal modulating frequency 2 KHz,
resulting in frequency deviation of 5 kHz. What is the bandwidth occupied by
the modulated waveform?
20. Distinguish between narrow band FM and wide band FM.
UNIT 3

PART B (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS)

1. Draw the block diagram of Balanced Frequency discriminator and explain

its operation. Mention its advantages and disadvantages. [10M]
2. a) Explain detection of FM signal using Zero crossing detector. [6M]
b) Compare FM andAM modulation techniques.[4M]
 3. a) Explain about single tone FM modulation and draw the frequency
spectrum of it.[6M]
b) Define modulation index, carrier swing, % modulation and frequency

deviation of FM.[4M]

4.a) Explain how PLL can be used as a FM Demodulator. [6M]

b) what is the modulation index of an FM signal having a carrier swing of 100

kHz when the modulating signal has a frequency of 8 kHz ? [4M]

5. With necessary equations explain the generation method of WBFM? [10M]

6. Discuss the effect of modulation index on the band width of FM. Explain the
generation of NBFM with neat sketch. [10M]

7. a) Explain how a varactor diode is used to generate FM signal. Explain with the
necessary mathematical equations. [6M]

b) Determine the bandwidth of a commercial FM transmission if frequency

deviation is 75 kHz and modulating frequency is 15 kHz. [4M]

8. Explain about the FM transmitter using indirect method i.e. Armstrong method.
[10M]

UNIT 4
NOISE IN ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

PART A (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARK)

1. Explain how noise affects performance of analog modulation systems?

2. Define figure of merit?
3. Discuss threshold effect
4. Explain pre-emphasis &de-emphasis
5. List out various noise sources.
6. Define White noise and Shot noise.
7. Write SNR expressions for FM and AM
8. Define transit noise and flicker noise.
9. Define partition noise and shot noise.
10.Define the term signal to noise Ratio?

UNIT 4
PART B (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS)

1. Prove that the Figure of merit in DSB-SC system is “1” ? [10M]

2. Derive expression for figure of merit of an SSB receiver using Coherent

detection. [10M]

or

Explain the noise performance of SSB-SC receiver and prove its S/N ratio is unity. [10M]
3. Derive the Figure Of Merit in AM System and calculate with 50 % (µ=0.5)
Modulation. [10M]

4.Derive expression for figure of merit of an FM receiver. [10M]

or

Calculate signal to noise ratio for FM receiver. Find its figure of merit.[10M]

5. Explain how Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis networks improve the noise

performance of the FM receiver. [10M]

6. What is FM threshold effect? Justify how threshold reduction is achieved in FM

receiver? [10M]

7. Explain about various noise sources in Analog communications? [10M]

UNIT 5

TRANSMITTERS, RECEIVERS & PULSE MODULATION

PART A (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARK)

1. Define Sensitivity and Selectivity.

2. List the Classification of receivers.
3. Explain Super heterodyne working principle
4. Define image frequency.
5. Define Image frequency rejection ratio.
6. Compare Continuous wave and pulse modulation technique
7. State Sampling Theorem.
8. Write Merits and Demerits of PAM.
9. Give the two differences between PAM, PWM and PPM?
10. List out the applications of pulse modulation techniques.

UNIT 5

PART B (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS)

1. Define the terms

i) Selectivity ii) Fidelity
iii) Sensitivity iv) Image frequency v) Image frequency rejection ratio [10M]

2. Draw the block diagram of a super heterodyne receiver and explain its
operation? [10M]

3. Draw the block diagram of a TRF receiver and explain its operation with
advantages and disadvantages? [10M]

4. Explain the generation and detection method of “Pulse Amplitude Modulation”

with neat diagrams? [10M]

5. Explain the generation and detection of “Pulse Width Modulation” with neat
diagrams. [10M]

6. Explain the generation and demodulation of “Pulse Position Modulation” with

neat diagrams. [10M]

7. a)Draw the block diagram of an FM transmitter and explain its operation? [6M]
b) Determine the image frequency for a standard broadcast band AM receiver
using a 455 kHz intermediate frequency and tuned to a station at 640 kHz[4M]

8. a) Classify and Compare PAM, PWM, PPM modulation techniques.[6M]

b) Mention the advantages of super heterodyne receiver over TRF receiver.[4M]