NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY, 2020

B.Sc. Botany Syllabus

(Effective from the academic session, 2023 - 2024)

Department of Botany
North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous)
Affiliated to Dibrugarh University
Khelmati – 787031
Lakhimpur, Assam
Passed in Board of Studies on 29/04/2023

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Course Categories: DSC: Discipline Specific Core, DSE: Discipline Specific Elective,
MDC: Multidisciplinary Course, IDC: Interdisciplinary Course,
AECC: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course, SEC: Skill
Enhancement Course, VAC: Value Addition Course

Course Transaction: L: Lecture, T: Theory, Tu: Tutorial, P: Practical

Evaluation Categories: IA: Internal Assessment, ES: End Semester Examination
SEM COURSE COURSE NAME CREDI MARKS ES IA L T P
T
DSC-I (T) Plant Diversity 4 100 70 30 4 1 0
DSC-I (P) Based on DSC-I (Theory) 1 20 20 0 0 0 2
DSE-I (T) Diversity in Plant life 4 100 70 30 4 1 0

I DSE-I (P) Based on DSE-I (Theory) 1 20 20 0 0 0 2

IDC/ Traditional Medicinal 3 100 70 30 3 1 0
MDC-I (T) Practices
AECC Communicative English-I 2
SEC-I (T+P) Mushroom Culture (Theory 3 100 70 30 3 1 0
and Hands on Training) (T+P=
1+2)
VAC-I (Dissertation/Thesis) 3 100 100 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 21
DSC-II (T) Cytology : Organelles and 4 100 70 30 4 1 0
Biomolecules
DSC-II (P) Based on DSC-II (Theory) 1 20 20 0 0 0 2

DSE-II (T) Cell Biology 4 100 70 30 4 1 0

DSE-II (P) Based on DSE-II (Theory) 1 20 20 0 0 0 2

IDC/ Intellectual Property Rights 3 100 70 30 3 1 0

II MDC-II
AECC Language and Literature 2
(MIL/Regional Language)
SEC-II (T+P) Floriculture (Theory and 3 100 70 30 3 1 0
Hands on Training) (T+P=
1+2)
VAC-II (Dissertation/Thesis) 3 100 100 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 21

Award of Under Graduate Certificate (after 1 year: 42 credits)

Students exiting the programme after securing 42 credits will be awarded UG Certificate in the
relevant Discipline/Subject provided they secure 4 credits in work based vocational courses offered
during summer term or Internship/Apprenticeship in addition to 6 credits from skill-based courses
earned during first and second semester.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
First Semester
BSc. (Hons.) Botany

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE – I: Plant Diversity

Learning Objectives

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

● To make students aware about the diversity of plants and microbes present on the planet and how are
they possibly related to each other in light of evolution.

Learning outcomes

The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:

By studying this course students will gain basic knowledge on

● The diversity of plants and microbes

● Their general characteristics

● Various groups of plants and their evolutionary relationships

● Basic principles and concepts of evolution that contribute to plant diversity

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 SYLLABUS OF DSC-I (Theory)
Course title: Plant Diversity
Code: MJ-T4-BOT-101
Marks = 56
Unit 1: Bacteria 5
General characteristic features, cell structure, asexual reproduction, general idea on
conjugation, transformation and transduction, brief introduction to Archaebacteria.

Unit 2: Viruses 5
General characteristic features, replication, RNA virus (structure of TMV), DNA virus
(structure of T-phage), Lytic and Lysogenic life cycle (Lambda phage), brief account on
Corona virus.

Unit 3: Algae 10
General characteristic features, cell structure, range of thallus structure, methods of
reproduction and evolutionary classification (only upto groups), economic importance.
Morphology, Reproduction and life cycle of Oedogonium.

Unit 4: Fungi 10
General characteristic features, reproduction, classification and economic importance.
Myxomycetes and their similarities with fungi, plants and animals, Brief account of
Saccharomyces, Agaricus. Introduction to lichens.

Unit 5: Bryophytes 5
General characteristic features and reproduction, adaptation to land habit, classification.

Unit 6: Pteridophytes 8

General characteristic features and reproduction, broad classification, ecological and

economic importance. Brief account of Lycopodium, Selaginella, Apogamy and
apospory, heterospory and seed habit.

Unit 7: Gymnosperms 8

General characteristic features and reproduction, classification, ecological and economic

importance. Brief account of Cycas, Pinus

Unit 8: Angiosperms 5

General characteristic features and reproduction, Concept of natural, artificial and

phylogenetic system of classification and binomial nomenclature.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSC-I (Practical)
Course title: Plant Diversity
Code: MJ-P1-BOT-101
Marks = 20

1.To study structure of TMV and Bacteriophage (electronmicrographs/models).

2.To study morphology of Oedogonium, Chara, Ectocarpus (Temporary

preparation/specimens/slides).

3.To study Rhizopus and Penicillium(Temporary preparations), symptoms of rust of wheat, Late
and Early blight of potato and Citrus canker.

4.To study Riccia, Marchantia and Anthoceros (morphology and reproductive structure)

5.To study Lycopodium, Selaginella and Equisetum (morphology and reproductive structure)

6.To study Cycas (megasporophyll and microsporophyll); Pinus (male and female cones,).

7.To study the types of inflorescences in angiosperms (through specimens).

Suggested Readings
•Campbell,N.A.,Reece,J.B.(2008.)Biology,8thedition,PearsonBenjaminCummings,SanFrancisco.

•Evert,RF.,Eichhorn,S.E.(2012).RavenBiologyofPlants,8thedition,NewYork,NY:W.H.Freemanan
d Company.

•Bhatnagar,S.P.,Moitra,A.(1996).Gymnosperms.NewDelhi,Delhi:NewAgeInternational(P)

•Tortora,G.J.,Funke,B.R.,Case.C.L.(2007).Microbiology.SanFrancisco,U.S.A:PearsonBenjamin
Cummings.

•Vashishta,P.C.,Sinha,A.K.,Kumar,A.(2010).Pteridophyta.NewDelhi,Delhi:S.Chand &CoLtd.

•Singh,G.(2019)PlantSystematicsAnIntegratedApproach.4thedition.CRCPress,TaylorandFrancis
Group

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 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
First Semester
BSc. (Hons.) Botany

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – I: Diversity in Plant life

Learning Objectives
The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

● To make students aware about the diversity of plants and microbes present on the planet and how are
they possibly related to each other in light of evolution.

Learning outcomes

The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:

By studying this course students will gain basic knowledge on

● The diversity of plants and microbes

● Their general characteristics

● Various groups of plants and their evolutionary relationships

● Basic principles and concepts of evolution that contribute to plant diversity

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 SYLLABUS OF DSE-I (Theory)
Course title: Diversity in Plant life
Code: MN-T4-BOT-101
Marks = 56

Unit 1: Bacteria 6
General characteristic, cell structure, asexual and sexual reproduction, conjugation,
transformation and economic importance.

Unit 2: Viruses 5
General character, replication, RNA virus (structure of TMV), DNA virus (structure of T-
phage), Lytic and Lysogenic life cycle (Lambda phage) and economic importance.

Unit 3: Algae 10
General characteristic features, cell structure, range of thallus structure, methods of
reproduction and classification (only upto groups), economic importance.

Unit 4: Fungi 15
Introduction, affinities with plants and animals, thallus organization, cell wall
composition, reproduction and economic importance. Introduction to lichens and
myxomycetes- their similarities with fungi, plants and animals,

Unit 5: Archegoniates 15
Bryophytes
General characteristic features and reproduction, adaptation to land habit, classification
and economic importance.

Pteridophytes

General characteristic features and classification, ecological and economic importance.

Apogamy and apospory, heterospory and seed habit.

Gymnosperms

General characteristic features and reproduction, classification, ecological and economic

importance.

Unit 6: Angiosperms 5

General characteristic features and reproduction, classification and binomial

nomenclature.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSE-I (Practical)
Course title: Diversity in plant life
Code: MN-P1-BOT-101
Marks = 20

1.To study structure of TMV and Bacteriophage (electronmicrographs/models).

2.To study morphology of Volvox, Oedogonium (Temporary preparation/specimens/slides).

3.To study Rhizopus and Penicillium (Temporary preparations), symptoms of rust of wheat

4.To study Riccia, Marchantia (morphology and reproductive structure)

5.To study Lycopodium,Selaginella (morphology and reproductive structure)

6.To study Cycas (megasporophyll and microsporophyll); Pinus (male and female cones,).

Suggested Readings
•Campbell,N.A.,Reece,J.B.(2008.)Biology,8thedition,PearsonBenjaminCummings,SanFrancisco.

•Evert,RF.,Eichhorn,S.E.(2012).RavenBiologyofPlants,8thedition,NewYork,NY:W.H.Freemanan
d Company.

•Bhatnagar,S.P.,Moitra,A.(1996).Gymnosperms.NewDelhi,Delhi:NewAgeInternational(P)

•Tortora,G.J.,Funke,B.R.,Case.C.L.(2007).Microbiology.SanFrancisco,U.S.A:PearsonBenjamin
Cummings.

•Vashishta,P.C.,Sinha,A.K.,Kumar,A.(2010).Pteridophyta.NewDelhi,Delhi:S.Chand &CoLtd.

•Singh,G.(2019)PlantSystematicsAnIntegratedApproach.4thedition.CRCPress,TaylorandFrancis
Group.

•Blackmore,S.,Crane,P.(2019)HowPlantsWork–
Form,Diversity,Survival,PrincetonUniversityPress; Illustrated edition

•Ingrouille,M.,Eddie,B.(2006)Plants:EvolutionandDiversity.CambridgeUniversityPress.

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MULTI DISIPLINARY COURSE – I: Traditional Medicinal Practices.
Learning Objectives

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

● To make students aware about the ethnic importance of plants and their conservation of genetic
resources.

Learning outcomes

The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:

By studying this course students will gain basic knowledge on

● Importance of ethnic knowledge

● Their general characteristics

● Various groups of plants and their uses

● Basic principles and concepts of local uses of plants and their contribution to the society.

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 SYLLABUS OF MDC/IDC-I (Theory)
Course title: Traditional Medicinal Practices
Code: MD-T3-BOT-101
Marks = 42

Unit 1: Introduction 5
Concept, scope and objectives; the relevance of traditional medicine (ethnomedicine) in
the present context.
Unit 2: Methodology of Ethnomedicinal studies 8
a) Field work b) Herbarium c) Ancient Literature d) Archaeological findings e) temples
and sacred places.
Unit 3: Role of ethnobotany in modern Medicine 10
Medico-ethnobotanical sources in India; Significance of the following plants in ethno-
botanical practices (along with their habitat and morphology) a) Azadiractha indica b)
Ocimum sanctum c) Vitex negundo. d) Gloriosa superba e) Tribulus terrestris , Role of
ethnobotany in modern medicine with special reference to Rauvolfia sepentina,
Trichopus zeylanicus, Artemisia, Withania.
Unit 4: Protection of Traditional Knowledge 12
Objective, Concept of Traditional Knowledge, Holders, Issues concerning Bio-
Prospecting and Bio-Piracy, Alternative ways, Protect ability, need for a Sui-Generis
regime, Traditional Knowledge on the International Arena, at WTO, at National level,
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library.
Unit 5: Ethnobotany and conservation 7
Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups. Sharing of wealth concept
with few examples from India, Role of ethnic groups in conservation of plant genetic
resources, endangered taxa and forest management (participatory forest management).

Suggested Readings
1) S.K. Jain, Manual of Ethnobotany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 1995.
2) S.K. Jain (ed.) Glimpses of Indian. Ethnobotany, Oxford and I B H, New Delhi – 1981
3) Lone et al,. Palaeoethnobotany

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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – I: Mushroom Cultivation
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Learning objectives:

1. Enable the students to identify edible and poisonous mushrooms.

2. Provide hands on training for the preparation of bed for mushroom cultivation and spawn
production • Give the students exposure to the experiences of experts and functioning mushroom
farms.
3. Help the students to learn a means of self employment and income generation.

Learning outcomes:

By successfully completing the course, students will be able to:

1. Identify edible types of mushroom.

2. Gain the knowledge of cultivation of different types of edible mushrooms and spawn production.
3. Manage the diseases and pests of mushrooms.
4. Learn a means of self-employment and income generation.

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 SYLLABUS OF SEC-I (Theory)
Course title: Mushroom Cultivation
Code: SE-T1-BOT-101
Marks = 28

Unit 1: Introduction to mushrooms 12

Mushrooms- History and Scope of mushroom cultivation, Edible and Poisonous

Mushrooms, Vegetative characters, Nutritional and medicinal values of mushrooms,
Therapeutic aspects- antitumor effect.

Unit 2: Common edible mushrooms 10

Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica), Oyster

mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) and paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvcea).

Unit 3: Post harvest technology 6

Problems in cultivation - diseases, pests and nematodes, weed moulds and their
management strategies. Preservation of mushrooms - freezing, dry freezing, drying,
canning, quality assurance and entrepreneurship. Value added products of mushrooms.

Suggested readings

1. Marimuthu, T. et al. (1991). Oster Mushroom. Department of Plant Pathology. Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

2. Nita Bhal. (2000). Handbook on Mushrooms. 2nd ed. Vol. I and II. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Pandey R.K, S. K Ghosh, 1996. A Hand Book on Mushroom Cultivation. Emkey Publications.

4. Pathak, V. N. and Yadav, N. (1998). Mushroom Production and Processing Technology.

Agrobios, Jodhpur.

5.Tewari Pankaj Kapoor, S. C. (1988). Mushroom Cultivation. Mittal Publication, New Delhi.

6. Tripathi, D.P. (2005) Mushroom Cultivation, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT.LTD, New
Delhi.

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 SYLLABUS OF SEC-I (Practical)
Course title: Mushroom Cultivation
Code: SE-P2-BOT-101
Marks = 40

1. Structure and construction of mushroom house, Sterilization and sanitation of mushroom

house, sterilization of instruments and substrates.
2. Spawn production - culture media preparation, production of pure culture, mother spawn,
and multiplication of spawn, Composting technology.
3. Mushroom bed preparation- Preparation of mother culture, media preparation,
inoculation, incubation and spawn production.
4. Spawning, spawn running, harvesting and Cultivation of oyster mushroom using paddy
straw/agricultural wastes.

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 Second Semester
BSc. (Hons.) Botany
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE – II: Cytology : Organelles and Biomolecules
Learning Objectives

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

●Cell as a structural and functional unit of life.

●Types of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and their rolesin cell structure
and function.

●Structures of different organelles and their role in fundamental metabolic processes of acell.

Learning outcomes

The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:

By studying this course students will gain basic knowledge on

●The relationships between the properties of macromolecules, their cellular activities and biological
functions.

●Physico-chemical composition of organelles and their functional organization.

●Basic principles and concepts of evolution that contribute to plant diversity.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSC-II (Theory)
Course title: Cytology: Organelles and Biomolecules
Code: MJ-T4-BOT-201
Marks = 56
Unit 1: Biomolecules 10
Types of chemical bonds and their biological significance. Structure and biological roles
of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, ATP an energy currency molecule.

Unit 2: The Cell 5

Cell as a unit of structure and function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells; Origin of eukaryotic cell (Endosymbiotic theory).

Unit 3: Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane 6

Chemistry, structure and function of Plant Cell Wall, Plasma membrane Singer and
Nicolson’s fluid mosaic model of cell membrane.

Unit 4: Cell Organelles: Structure and function of the following organelles 30

Nucleus: Structure and function (nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear
lamina); types of chromatins; nucleolus.
Chloroplast and Mitochondria: Structural organization; Function; Semi- autonomous
nature of mitochondria and chloroplast.
Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum – Structure and function of RER and
SER, Golgi Apparatus.
Ribosome and Lysosomes: Structure and function.
Cytoskeleton: Role and structure of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediary filament.

Unit 5: Cell division 5

Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; regulation of cell cycle.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSC-II (Practical)
Course title: Cytology: Organelles and Biomolecules
Code: MJ-P1-BOT-201
Marks = 20

1. Study of cell and its organelles with the help of electron micrographs and other digital
resources.
2. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mount of Allium.
3. Microchemical tests for carbohydrates (reducing, non-reducing sugars and starch), lipids and
proteins.
4. Separation of chlorophyll pigments by paper chromatography/ Thin Layer Chromatography.
5. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.
6. Demonstration of the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.
7. Study of different stages of cell divisions.

Suggested readings:
1. Cooper, G.M., Hausman, R.E. (2019). The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 7thedition.
Sinauer/OUP.
2. Iwasa, J, Marshall, W. (2020). Karps's Cell Biology, 9th edition, New Jersey,U.S.A.: John
Wiley & Sons.
3. Majumdar, R., Sisodia, R. (2019). Laboratory Manual of Cell Biology, withreference to Plant
Cells. New Delhi, Delhi: Prestige Publication.
4. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2021). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8thedition. New
York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.
5. Reven, F.H., Evert, R.F., Eichhorn, S.E. (1992). Biology of Plants. New York,NY:
W.H.Freeman and Company.
6. Tymoczko, J.L., Berg, J.M., Stryer, L. (2012). Biochemistry: A short course, 2ndedition. New
York, NY: W.H.Freeman and Company.

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DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – II: Cell Biology
Learning Objectives

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

●Cell as a structural and functional unit of life.

●Types of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and their rolesin cell structure
and function.

●Structures of different organelles and their role in fundamental metabolic processes of acell.

Learning outcomes

The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:

By studying this course students will gain basic knowledge on

●The relationships between the properties of macromolecules, their cellular activities and biological
functions.

●Physico-chemical composition of organelles and their functional organization.

●Basic principles and concepts of evolution that contribute to plant diversity.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSE-II (Theory)
Course title: Cell Biology
Code: MN-T4-BOT-201
Marks = 56
Unit 1: Biomolecules 10
Structure and biological roles of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, ATP an
energy currency molecule.

Unit 2: The Cell 6

Cell as a unit of structure and function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.

Unit 3: Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane 10

Structure and function of Plant Cell Wall, Plasma membrane Singer and Nicolson’s fluid
mosaic model of cell membrane.

Unit 4: Cell Organelles: Structure and function of the following organelles 25

Nucleus: Structure and function, types of chromatins; nucleolus.
Chloroplast and Mitochondria: Structural organization; Function; Semi- autonomous
nature of mitochondria and chloroplast.
Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum – Structure and function. Golgi
Apparatus.
Ribosome and Lysosomes: Structure and function.

Unit 5: Cell division 5

Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis.

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 SYLLABUS OF DSE-II (Practical)
Course title: Cell Biology
Code: MN-P1-BOT-201
Marks = 20

1. Study of cell and its organelles with the help of electron micrographs and other digital
resources.
2. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mount of Allium.
3. Microchemical tests for carbohydrates (reducing, non-reducing sugars and starch), lipids and
proteins.
4. Demonstration of the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.
5. Study of different stages of cell divisions (with the help of permanent slide)

Suggested readings:
1. Cooper, G.M., Hausman, R.E. (2019). The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 7thedition.
Sinauer/OUP.
2. Iwasa, J, Marshall, W. (2020). Karps's Cell Biology, 9th edition, New Jersey,U.S.A.: John
Wiley & Sons.
3. Majumdar, R., Sisodia, R. (2019). Laboratory Manual of Cell Biology, withreference to Plant
Cells. New Delhi, Delhi: Prestige Publication.
4. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2021). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8thedition. New
York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.
5. Reven, F.H., Evert, R.F., Eichhorn, S.E. (1992). Biology of Plants. New York,NY:
W.H.Freeman and Company.
6. Tymoczko, J.L., Berg, J.M., Stryer, L. (2012). Biochemistry: A short course, 2ndedition. New
York, NY: W.H.Freeman and Company.

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 SYLLABUS OF MDC/IDC-II (Theory)
Course title: Intellectual Property Rights
Code: MD-T3-BOT-201
Marks = 42

Unit 1: Introduction to Intellectual property rights (IPR) 6

Concept and kinds, IPR in India and world: Genesis and scope, IPR and WTO (TRIPS,
WIPO).
Unit 2: Protection of Plant Varieties 8
Plant Varieties Protection-Objectives, Justification, International Position, Plant varieties
protection in India. Rights of farmers, Breeders and Researchers, National gene bank,
Benefit sharing. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001.
Unit 3: Geographical Indications 10
Objectives, Justification, International Position, Multilateral Treaties, National Level,
Indian Position.
Unit 4: Legal aspects 12
Patents- Objectives, Patent Act 1970 and its amendments, Procedure of obtaining patents,
Working of patents, Copyrights- Introduction, Works protected under copyright law,
Transfer of Copyright, Infringement, Trademarks- Objectives, Types, Rights, Protection
of goodwill, Passing off, Defences, Domain name.
Unit 5: Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights. 6
Patenting biotech Inventions: Objective, Applications, Concept of Novelty, Concept of
inventive step, Microorganisms, Moral Issues in Patenting Biotechnological inventions.

Suggested Readings

1. N.S. Gopalakrishnan & T.G. Agitha, (2009) Principles of Intellectual Property Eastern Book
Company, Lucknow.
2. Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks and Trade Names (14th Edition) Thomson, Sweet & Maxweel.
3. Ajit Parulekar and Sarita D’ Souza, (2006) Indian Patents Law – Legal & Business
Implications; Macmillan India Ltd.

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SEC-II : - Floriculture

Learning objectives:

1. Enable the students to know the scope of floriculture and landscape gardening.
2. Provide hands on training for the preparation of nursery bed and potting of flowering plants.
3. Help the students to learn a means of self employment and income generation.

Learning outcomes: By successfully completing the course, students will be able to:

1. Know proper Nursery Management

2. Gain the knowledge of cultivation of different types of ornamental and flowering plants
3. Learn a means of self-employment and income generation

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 SYLLABUS OF SEC-II (Theory)
Course title: Floriculture
Code: SE-T1-BOT-201
Marks = 28

Unit 1: Introduction 3
History of gardening; Importance and scope of floriculture and landscape gardening.
Unit 2: Nursery Management and Routine Garden Operations 7
Sexual and vegetative methods of propagation; Soil sterilization; Seed sowing; Pricking;
Planting and transplanting; Shading; Stopping or pinching; Defoliation; Wintering;
Mulching; Topiary; Role of plant growth regulators.
Unit 3: Ornamental Plants 6
Flowering annuals; Herbaceous perennials; Divine vines; Shade and ornamental trees;
Ornamental bulbous and foliage plants; Cacti and succulents; Palms and Cycads; Ferns
and Selaginella; Indoor gardening; Bonsai, Common diseases and pests in ornamentals.
Unit 4: Principles of Garden Designs 6
Garden designs of English, Italian, Mughal and Japanese; Features of a garden (Garden
wall, Fencing, Steps, Hedge, Edging, Lawn, Flower beds, Shrubbery, Borders, Water
garden. Some Famous gardens of India, Landscaping highways and Educational
institutions.
Unit 5: Commercial Floriculture 6
Factors affecting flower production- climatic factors, supply and demand; Production and
packaging of cut flowers; Flower arrangements; Methods to prolong vase life

Suggested Readings
Randhawa, G.S. and Mukhopadhyay, A. 1986. Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers

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 SYLLABUS OF SEC-II (Practical)
Course title: Floriculture
Code: SE-P2-BOT-201
Marks = 40

Vegetative methods of propagation

Soil sterilization; Seed sowing; Pricking; Planting and transplanting

Cultivation of Important cut flowers (Carnation, Aster, Chrysanthemum, Dahlia, Gerbera,

Gladiolous, Marigold,Rose, Lilium, Orchids),

Cultivation of plants in pots; Bonsai

23