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Manifestations of CDC'S at Population Level: Sahilu Assegid, MD, MPHE, Associate Professor Jimma University January/2024

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60 views10 pages

Manifestations of CDC'S at Population Level: Sahilu Assegid, MD, MPHE, Associate Professor Jimma University January/2024

Uploaded by

fahmiabdujabbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Manifestations of CDC’S at

Population Level
Sahilu Assegid, MD,MPHE, Associate
Professor
Jimma University
January/2024
Outline

• Overview
• Patterns of disease occurrence
Overview

• Understanding of man, together with their


environment is crucial
• Person, place and time are basic elements: Particular
individual/group, living somewhere develop disease
during specific time period
- Particular individuals/groups are affected by disease
- Every disease also has an historical (time) component
- Every disease also has geography (space)
Overview…

• Specific groups may be affected because of issues


related to their:
- Location
- Culture
- Religion
- Behavior
Overview…

• Information from health facilities may differ from


that of community level because of:
- Selection
- Referral
- Access
- Affordability
- Use/utility
- Continuity of use/utility
Patterns of Disease occurrence

A. SPORADIC: is a disease occurrence infrequently,


irregularly and haphazardly. Cases are separated
widely in space with no connection between one
incidence and another e.g. polio. They are those
diseases which are not normally present in the
population but give rise occasionally and irregularly
to epidemic.

LECTURE NOTE BY SAHILU ASSEGID MD,


MPH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, JIMMA 6
UNIVERSITY JULY/2008
Patterns of…

B. ENDEMIC: refers to, a constant occurrence of disease


in a region or population at particular frequency. It
refers to the habitual presence of a disease in a given
geographic area. These are diseases that are always
present in the population roughly at constant level.
The prevalence and incidence of the diseases are
fairly constant over time. Endemic diseases can
rapidly become epidemic due to:

LECTURE NOTE BY SAHILU ASSEGID MD,


MPH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, JIMMA 7
UNIVERSITY JULY/2008
Patterns of…

C.Hyper endemic- presence of disease at high


incidence or prevalence rate
D. Holoendemic-situation in which there is high level of
infection among child population beginning early in
life and adults show less incidence e.g. malaria
E. Exotic-disease imported to where this disease does
not occur e.g. rabies in UK, Australia, and Yellow
fever in India

LECTURE NOTE BY SAHILU ASSEGID MD,


MPH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, JIMMA 8
UNIVERSITY JULY/2008
Patterns of…

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