ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS

Laboratory
Study Guide Question and Answer

WEEK 2: INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS A. Requisition states the specimen is

catheterized
1. The average daily output of urine is: B. Specimen contains toilet paper
A.200 mL C. Label and requisition do not match
B.500 mL D. Outside of the container has fecal material
C.1200 mL contamination
D.2500 mL 9. A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory
2. An unidentified fluid is received in the
may have been preserved using:
laboratory with a request to determine whether A. Boric acid
the fluid is urine or another body fluid. Using B. Chloroform
routine laboratory tests, what tests would C. Refrigeration
determine that the fluid is most probably urine? D. Formalin
A. Glucose and ketones 10. For general screening the most frequently
B. Urea and creatinine collected specimen is a:
C. Uric acid and amino acids A. Random one
D. Proteins and amino acid
B. First morning
3. The primary inorganic substance found in urine C. Midstream clean-catch
is: D. Timed
A. Sodium 11. The primary advantage of a first morning
B. Phosphate specimen over a random specimen is that it:
C. Chloride A. Is less contaminated
D. Calcium B. Is more concentrated
4. A patient presenting with polyuria, nocturia, C. Is less concentrated
polydipsia, and a low urine specific gravity is D. Has a higher volume
exhibiting symptoms of: 12. If a routine urinalysis and a culture are
A. Diabetes insipidus
requested on a catheterized specimen, then:
B. Diabetes mellitus
A. Two separate containers must be collected
C. Urinary tract infection B. The routine urinalysis is performed first
D. Uremia C. The patient must be recatheterized
5. A patient with oliguria might progress to having: D. The culture is performed first
A. Nocturia 13. If a patient fails to discard the first specimen
B. Polyuria when collecting a timed specimen the:
C. Polydipsia A. Specimen must be recollected
D. Anuria B. Results will be falsely elevated
6. All of the following are characteristics of C. Results will be falsely decreased
recommended urine containers except:
D. Both A and B
A. A flat bottom 14. The primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an
B. A capacity of 50 mL un preserved routine specimen not tested for 8
C. A snap-on lid hours is:
D. Are disposable A. Bacterial growth
7. Labels for urine containers are: B. Glycolysis
A. Attached to the container C. Decreased pH
B. Attached to the lid D. Chemical oxidation
C. Placed on the container prior to collection 15. Prolonged exposure of a preserved urine
D. Not detachable specimen to light will cause:
8. A urine specimen may be rejected by the
A. Decreased glucose
laboratory for all of the following reasons B. Increased cells and casts
except the fact that the: C. Decreased bilirubin
ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS
Laboratory
Study Guide Question and Answer

D. Increased bacteria
16. Which of the following would be least affected
in a specimen that has remained unpreserved at
room temperature for more than 2 hours?
A. Urobilinogen
B. Ketones
C. Protein
D. Nitrite
17. Bacterial growth in an unpreserved specimen
will:
A. Decrease clarity
B. Increase bilirubin
C. Decrease pH
D. Increase glucose
18. The most sterile specimen collected is a:
A. Catheterized
B. Midstream clean-catch
C. Three-glass
D. Suprapubic aspiration
19. Which of the following would not be given to a
patient prior to the collection of a midstream
clean-catch specimen?
A. Sterile container
B. Iodine cleanser
C. Antiseptic towelette
D. Instructions
20. Urine specimen collection for drug testing
requires the collector to do all of the following
except:
A. Inspect the specimen color
B. Perform reagent strip testing
C. Read the specimen temperature
D. Fill out a chain-of-custody form
ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS
Laboratory
Study Guide Question and Answer

WEEK 3: RENAL FUNCTIONS B. Potassium secretion

C. Chloride retention
1. The type of nephron responsible for renal D. Sodium retention
concentration is the: 9. The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a
A. Cortical specific gravity of:
B. Juxtaglomerular A. 1.005
2. The function of the peritubular capillaries is: B. 1.010
A. Reabsorption
C. 1.015
B. Filtration D. 1.020
C. Secretion 10. For active transport to occur, a chemical:
D. Both A and C A. Must combine with a carrier protein to
3. Blood flows through the nephron in the create electrochemical energy
following order: B. Must be filtered through the proximal
A. Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, convoluted tubule
vasa recta, afferent arteriole C. Must be in higher concentration in the
B. Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole,
filtrate than in the blood
vasa recta, efferent arteriole D. Must be in higher concentration in the
C. Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, blood than in the filtrate
vasa recta, efferent arteriole 11. Which of the tubules is impermeable to
D. Efferent arteriole, vasa recta, peritubular water?
capillaries, afferent arteriole A. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Filtration of protein is prevented in the B. Descending loop of Henle
glomerulus by: C. Ascending loop of Henle
A. Hydrostatic pressure D. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Oncotic pressure 12. Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
C. Renin
A. Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
D. The glomerular filtration barrier
B. Tm for glucose is reached
5. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is C. Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
responsible for all of the following except: D. All of the above
A. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 13. Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the
B. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole countercur rent mechanism depends on all
C. Reabsorbing sodium of the following except:
D. Releasing aldosterone A. High salt concentration in the medulla
6. The primary chemical affected by the renin- B. Water-impermeable walls of the
angiotensin aldosterone system is: ascending loop of Henle
A. Chloride C. Reabsorption of sodium and chloride
B. Sodium from the ascending loop of Henle
C. Potassium D. Reabsorption of water in the descending
D. Hydrogen loop of Henle
7. Secretion of renin is stimulated by: 14. ADH regulates the final urine concentration
A. Juxtaglomerular cells by controlling:
B. Angiotensin I and II A. Active reabsorption of sodium
C. Macula densa cells B. Tubular permeability
D. Circulating angiotensin-converting C. Passive reabsorption of urea
enzyme D. Passive reabsorption of chloride
8. The hormone aldosterone is responsible for: 15. Decreased production of ADH:
A. Hydrogen ion secretion A. Produces a low urine volume
B. Produces a high urine volume
ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS
Laboratory
Study Guide Question and Answer

C. Increases ammonia excretion

D. Affects active transport of sodium
16. Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus
are returned to the blood:
A. In the proximal convoluted tubule
B. Combined with hydrogen ions
C. By tubular secretion
D. All of the above
17. If ammonia is not produced by the distal
convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
18. Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clear ance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
____ beta2-microglobulin
____ creatinine
____ cystatin C
____ 125I-iothalmate
19. The largest source of error in creatinine
clearance tests is:
A. Secretion of creatinine
B. Improperly timed urine specimens
C. Refrigeration of the urine
D. Time of collecting blood sample