COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, SAHIWAL

CAMPUS

(C.E.P.) ASSIGNMENT NO. 02

WASTE WATER AND SANITARY ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. HAFIZ M. AAMIR

SUBMITTED BY:
M. Faizan (G.L) (FA21-CVE-022)

M. Asif (FA21-CVE-047)
Hanzla Anwar (FA21-CVE-012)
Abdul Rehman (FA21-CVE-018)

SUBMISSION DATE : OCTOBER 23, 2024

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 2

2. Overview of the Project...................................................................................................................... 2

3. Literature Review............................................................................................................................... 2

3.1 Basic Concepts of Sewerage Systems ............................................................................................. 2

3.2 Population Projections .................................................................................................................... 3

3.3 Water Consumption Patterns .......................................................................................................... 3

4. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1 Calculate the Total Population ........................................................................................................ 3

4.2 Total Water Consumption (lpcd) .................................................................................................... 4

4.3 Average Daily Flow ....................................................................................................................... 4

4.4 Peak Factors /Commercial Sewage Allowance ............................................................................... 5

4.5 Calculate Infiltration Allowance ..................................................................................................... 5

4.6 Determine Design Sewage Flow ..................................................................................................... 5

4.7 Design Pipe and Slope Calculation ................................................................................................. 5

5. Results ............................................................................................................................................... 6

6. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 7

7. References.......................................................................................................................................... 7

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 DESIGN OF A SEWERAGE SYSTEM FOR A HOUSING SOCIETY

1. Introduction
The growing demand for efficient wastewater management systems is critical in urban settings,
particularly in housing societies. This report outlines the design of a sewerage system for a
typical housing society comprising 300 plots, multiple apartments, and flats. With a focus on
sustainability and health, the proposed system is designed to handle current and projected future
populations effectively.

2. Overview of the Project

The housing society under consideration consists of various residential units, including
individual plots, apartments, and flats. This project aims to develop a robust sewerage system to
manage wastewater generated by the residents while complying with local and national
regulations.

3. Literature Review
3.1 Basic Concepts of Sewerage Systems
Sewerage systems are essential infrastructure components that collect, transport, and treat
wastewater from residential and commercial sources. A well-designed sewerage system mitigates
the risk of public health hazards and environmental degradation. Typical components include:

1) Sewers:

Pipes that transport sewerage water.

2) Pumping Stations:

Facilities that help lift sewage to higher elevations.

3) Treatment Plants:

Facilities designed to treat sewage to acceptable standards before discharge.

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3.2 Population Projections
Population growth directly impacts water consumption and wastewater generation. According to
urban planning studies, the annual population growth rate in developing areas averages around
2.5%. Future projections account for this growth in designing sewerage systems.

3.3 Water Consumption Patterns

The per capita water consumption is a critical factor in estimating wastewater generation. A
typical residential water usage rate is approximately 250 liters per person per day, with 70-80%
of this volume contributing to wastewater flow.

4. Methodology
The methodology for designing the sewerage system involves the following steps:

Given Data:

▪ No. of Plots = 300 + R=300 + 22= 322

▪ No. of apartments = 4
▪ No. of Flats = 4
▪ Design Period = 25 years
▪ Annual Population growth rate = 2.5%
▪ Water consumption rate = 250 lpcd

Description Present (2022) Future (2047)

Persons/Plot 8 14
Persons/Apartment 400 742
Persons/Flat 200+R=200+22=222 371+R=371+22= 393

4.1 Calculate the Total Population

Total Population in 2022:

▪ No. of Plots = 322

▪ Persons/Plot = 8

Total Population from Plots in 2022 = 322*8=2576

▪ Persons/Apartments = 400

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 ▪ No. of Apartments = 4

Total Population from Apartments in 2022 = 4*400=1600

▪ Persons/Flat = 222
▪ No. of Flats = 4

Total Population from Flats in 2022 = 222*4= 888

Total Population in 2022= 2576+1600+888 = 5064

So, when R is 22 total population in 2022 = 5064

Total Population in 2047:

▪ No. of Plots = 322

▪ Persons/Plots = 14

Total Population from Plots in 2047 = 14*322= 4508

▪ Persons/Apartment = 742
▪ No. of Apartments = 4

Total Population from Apartments in 2047 = 724*4= 2968

▪ Persons/Flat = 393
▪ No. of Flats = 4

Total Population from Flats in 2047 = 393*4= 1572

Total Population in 2047=4508+2968+1572 = 9048

4.2 Total Water Consumption (lpcd)

Q = Population*lpcd
Q = 9048*250
Q = 2262000 lpcd

4.3 Average Daily Flow

Qavg = Average Sewage Flow

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 Qavg = (0.75) *2262000
Qavg = 1696500 lpcd
Qavg = 1696.500 m3/day

4.4 Peak Factors /Commercial Sewage Allowance

P.F = 1+ 14
4+√𝑃

P.F = 1+ 14
4+√9.048

P.F = 1.141

PEAK FLOW = 1.141*1696.500

QPeak = 1935.71 m3/day
4.5 Calculate Infiltration Allowance
Qinf = 0.1*1935.71 (Assume Infiltration Rate=10%)
Qinf = 193.57
Qind = 3734 m3/day

4.6 Determine Design Sewage Flow

Qdesign = Qpeak + Qinf + Qind
Qdesign = 1935.71+193.57+3734
Qdesign = 5863.27 m3/day

4.7 Design Pipe and Slope Calculation

Qd =5863.27 m3/day

Conversion of m3/day into m3/sec

Qd = 5863.27 m3/day
5863.27
Qd = m3/sec
24∗60∗60

Qd = 0.06786 m3/sec

Q = AV (V=Self-cleaning Velocity=0.6 m/s)

A = Q/V

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 0.06786
A =
0.6

A = 0.1131 m2

𝜋𝑑2
A =
4
𝐴∗4
d2 =
π
0.1131∗4
d2 =
3.14
2
d = 0.144076 m
d = 0.3794 m
Now,

V = 1R2/3√𝑠
𝑛

0.6 = 1 (0.09485)2/3√𝑠 n=0.013 (for Concrete R.C.C Pipes)

0.013

R = A/P =d/4
R = 0.3794/4 =0.09485

s = 0.0014
s = 0.14%

5. Results
The results of the sewerage system design for the housing society indicate that the total
population in 2022 is 5064, projected to rise to 9048 by 2047 due to a 2.5% annual growth rate.
Water consumption is calculated at 250 liters per capita per day, leading to a total daily water
demand of 2262000 lpcd by 2047. The average sewage flow is estimated at 1696500 lpcd, with a
peak flow of 1935.71 m³/day, considering population and consumption patterns. Factoring in
infiltration and industrial/commercial allowances, the design sewage flow reaches
5863.27m³/day. To handle this flow, a pipe with a diameter of 379 mm and a slope of 0.14% is
recommended, ensuring sufficient capacity and self-cleaning velocity to prevent blockages. The
system is designed to accommodate future growth and complies with sustainability and health
requirements.

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6. Conclusions
o The total population of the housing society is expected to increase from 5064 peoples in 2022
to 9048 peoples in 2047, based on a projected annual growth rate of 2.5%.
o The total water consumption in 2047 is projected to be approximately 2262000 lpcd ,
generating an average daily sewage flow of 1696500 lpcd.
o A peak flow of 1935.71 m³/day is anticipated, and with infiltration and
industrial/commercial allowances factored in, the total design sewage flow is calculated to be
5863.27 m³/day.
o A pipe diameter of 379 mm with a slope of 0.14% is recommended for the sewerage system
to ensure efficient waste transportation and self-cleaning velocity.

The designed system is robust and scalable, accounting for future population growth,
sustainability considerations, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

7. References
▪ M. E. Geraghty, Sewerage and Sewage Treatment. New York: Wiley, 2005
▪ J. A. Smith, Wastewater Management Practices. London: Routledge, 2018
▪ R. K. Jain, Environmental Engineering: A Design Approach. New Delhi: CBS Publishers,
2020