UNIT-V VMware Tools

VMware Tools is a suite of utilities that enhances the performance of the virtual machines guest
operating system and improves management of the virtual machine. Without VMware Tools installed in
your guest operating system, guest performance lacks important functionality. Installing VMware Tools
eliminates or improves these issues:

 Low video resolution

 Inadequate color depth
 Incorrect display of network speed
 Restricted movement of the mouse
 Inability to copy and paste and drag-and-drop files
 Missing sound
 Provides the ability to take quiesced snapshots of the guest OS
 Synchronizes the time in the guest operating system with the time on the host

VMware Tools includes these components:

 VMware Tools service

 VMware device drivers
 VMware user process
 VMware Tools control panel

VMware Tools is provided in these formats:

 ISOs (containing installers): These are packaged with the product and are installed in a number of
ways, depending upon the VMware product and the guest operating system installed in the virtual
machine. For more information, see the Installing VMware Tools section. VMware Tools provides a
different ISO file for each type of supported guest operating system: Mac OS X,Windows, Linux,
NetWare, Solaris, and FreeBSD.
 Operating System Specific Packages (OSPs): Downloadable binary packages that are built and
provided by VMware for particular versions of Linux distributions. OSPs are typically available for
older releases, such as RHEL 6. Most current versions of Linux include Open VM Tools, eliminating
the need to separately install OSPs. To download OSPs and to find important information and
instructions.
 Open VM Tools (OVT): This is the open source implementation of VMware Tools intended for Linux
distribution maintainers and virtual appliance vendors. OVTs are generally included in the current
versions of popular Linux distributions, allowing administrators to effortlessly install and update
VMware Tools alongside other Linux packages.

Installing VMware Tools

The steps to install VMware Tools vary depending on your VMware product and the
guest operating system you have installed. For information on steps to install VMware Tools
in most VMware products,

Installing VMware Tools

The following are general steps used to start the VMware Tools installation in most
VMware products. Certain guest operating systems may require different steps, but these
steps work for most operating systems.

To install VMware Tools in most VMware products:

1. Power on the virtual machine.
2. Log in to the virtual machine using an account with Administrator or root privileges.
3. Wait for the desktop to load and be ready.
 4. In the user interface for the VMware product, locate the Install VMware Tools menu
item, which is typically found under a Virtual Machine or Guest Operating System
menu.
5. Based on the operating system you specified when creating the virtual machine, the
correct ISO CD-ROM image containing VMware Tools is mounted to the virtual CD-
ROM of the virtual machine.

Amazon Web Services.

o AWS stands for Amazon Web Services.

o The AWS service is provided by the Amazon that uses distributed IT infrastructure to
provide different IT resources available on demand. It provides different services
such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and packaged
software as a service (SaaS).
o Amazon launched AWS, a cloud computing platform to allow the different
organizations to take advantage of reliable IT infrastructure.

Uses of AWS

o A small manufacturing organization uses their expertise to expand their business by

leaving their IT management to the AWS.
o A large enterprise spread across the globe can utilize the AWS to deliver the training
to the distributed workforce.
o An architecture consulting company can use AWS to get the high-compute rendering
of construction prototype.
o A media company can use the AWS to provide different types of content such as ebox
or audio files to the worldwide files.

Pay-As-You-Go

Based on the concept of Pay-As-You-Go, AWS provides the services to the

customers.

AWS provides services to customers when required without any prior commitment or
upfront investment. Pay-As-You-Go enables the customers to procure services from AWS.

o Computing
o Programming models
o Database storage
o Networking
Advantages of AWS

1. Flexibility
o We can get more time for core business tasks due to the instant availability of new
features and services in AWS.
o It provides effortless hosting of legacy applications. AWS does not require learning
new technologies and migration of applications to the AWS provides the advanced
computing and efficient storage.
o AWS also offers a choice that whether we want to run the applications and services
together or not. We can also choose to run a part of the IT infrastructure in AWS and
the remaining part in data centres.

2. Cost-effectiveness

AWS requires no upfront investment, long-term commitment, and minimum expense

when compared to traditional IT infrastructure that requires a huge investment.

3. Scalability/Elasticity

Through AWS, autoscaling and elastic load balancing techniques are automatically
scaled up or down, when demand increases or decreases respectively. AWS techniques are
ideal for handling unpredictable or very high loads. Due to this reason, organizations enjoy
the benefits of reduced cost and increased user satisfaction.
4. Security
o AWS provides end-to-end security and privacy to customers.
o AWS has a virtual infrastructure that offers optimum availability while managing full
privacy and isolation of their operations.
o Customers can expect high-level of physical security because of Amazon's several
years of experience in designing, developing and maintaining large-scale IT operation
centers.
o AWS ensures the three aspects of security, i.e., Confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of user's data.

Features of AWS

The following are the features of AWS:

o Flexibility
o Cost-effective
o Scalable and elastic
o Secure
o Experienced

1. Flexibility

o The difference between AWS and traditional IT models is flexibility.

 o The traditional models used to deliver IT solutions that require large investments in a
new architecture, programming languages, and operating system. Although these
investments are valuable, it takes time to adopt new technologies and can also slow
down your business.
o The flexibility of AWS allows us to choose which programming models, languages,
and operating systems are better suited for their project, so we do not have to learn
new skills to adopt new technologies.
o Flexibility means that migrating legacy applications to the cloud is easy, and cost-
effective. Instead of re-writing the applications to adopt new technologies, you just
need to move the applications to the cloud and tap into advanced computing
capabilities.
o Building applications in aws are like building applications using existing hardware
resources.
o The larger organizations run in a hybrid mode, i.e., some pieces of the application run
in their data center, and other portions of the application run in the cloud.
o The flexibility of aws is a great asset for organizations to deliver the product with
updated technology in time, and overall enhancing the productivity.

2. Cost-effective

o Cost is one of the most important factors that need to be considered in delivering IT
solutions.
o For example, developing and deploying an application can incur a low cost, but after
successful deployment, there is a need for hardware and bandwidth. Owing our own
infrastructure can incur considerable costs, such as power, cooling, real estate, and
staff.
o The cloud provides on-demand IT infrastructure that lets you consume the resources
what you actually need. In aws, you are not limited to a set amount of resources such
as storage, bandwidth or computing resources as it is very difficult to predict the
requirements of every resource. Therefore, we can say that the cloud provides
flexibility by maintaining the right balance of resources.
o AWS provides no upfront investment, long-term commitment, or minimum spend.
o You can scale up or scale down as the demand for resources increases or decreases
respectively.
o An aws allows you to access the resources more instantly. It has the ability to respond
the changes more quickly, and no matter whether the changes are large or small,
 means that we can take new opportunities to meet the business challenges that could
increase the revenue, and reduce the cost.

3. Scalable and elastic

o In a traditional IT organization, scalability and elasticity were calculated with

investment and infrastructure while in a cloud, scalability and elasticity provide
savings and improved ROI (Return On Investment).
o Scalability in aws has the ability to scale the computing resources up or down when
demand increases or decreases respectively.
o Elasticity in aws is defined as the distribution of incoming application traffic across
multiple targets such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, and Lambda
functions.
o Elasticity load balancing and scalability automatically scale your AWS computing
resources to meet unexpected demand and scale down automatically when demand
decreases.
o The aws cloud is also useful for implementing short-term jobs, mission-critical jobs,
and the jobs repeated at the regular intervals.

4. Secure

o AWS provides a scalable cloud-computing platform that provides customers with

end-to-end security and end-to-end privacy.
o AWS incorporates the security into its services, and documents to describe how to use
the security features.
o AWS maintains confidentiality, integrity, and availability of your data which is the
utmost importance of the aws.

Physical security: Amazon has many years of experience in designing, constructing, and
operating large-scale data centers. An aws infrastructure is incorporated in AWS controlled
data centers throughout the world. The data centers are physically secured to prevent
unauthorized access.

Secure services: Each service provided by the AWS cloud is secure.

Data privacy: A personal and business data can be encrypted to maintain data privacy.

5. Experienced

o The AWS cloud provides levels of scale, security, reliability, and privacy.
 o AWS has built an infrastructure based on lessons learned from over sixteen years of
experience managing the multi-billion dollar Amazon.com business.
o Amazon continues to benefit its customers by enhancing their infrastructure
capabilities.
o Nowadays, Amazon has become a global web platform that serves millions of
customers, and AWS has been evolved since 2006, serving hundreds of thousands of
customers worldwide.

Hyper-V

 Establish or expand a private cloud environment. Provide more flexible, on-demand

IT services by moving to or expanding your use of shared resources and adjust
utilization as demand changes.

 Use your hardware more effectively. Consolidate servers and workloads onto fewer,
more powerful physical computers to use less power and physical space.

 Improve business continuity. Minimize the impact of both scheduled and unscheduled
downtime of your workloads.

 Establish or expand a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). Use a centralized

desktop strategy with VDI can help you increase business agility and data security, as
well as simplify regulatory compliance and manage desktop operating systems and
applications. Deploy Hyper-V and Remote Desktop Virtualization Host (RD
Virtualization Host) on the same server to make personal virtual desktops or virtual
desktop pools available to your users.

 Make development and test more efficient. Reproduce different computing

environments without having to buy or maintain all the hardware you'd need if you only
used physical systems.

Virtualization Products

Hyper-V in Windows and Windows Server replaces older hardware virtualization

products, such as Microsoft Virtual PC, Microsoft Virtual Server, and Windows Virtual PC.
Hyper-V offers networking, performance, storage and security features not available in these
older products.

Hyper-V and most third-party virtualization applications that require the same
processor features aren't compatible. That's because the processor features, known as
hardware virtualization extensions, are designed to not be shared.

Features of Hyper-V
Computing environment - A Hyper-V virtual machine includes the same basic parts as a
physical computer, such as memory, processor, storage, and networking. All these parts have
features and options that you can configure different ways to meet different needs. Storage
and networking can each be considered categories of their own, because of the many ways
you can configure them.

Disaster recovery and backup - For disaster recovery, Hyper-V Replica creates copies of
virtual machines, intended to be stored in another physical location, so you can restore the
virtual machine from the copy. For backup, Hyper-V offers two types. One uses saved states
and the other uses Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) so you can make application-
consistent backups for programs that support VSS.

Optimization - Each supported guest operating system has a customized set of services and
drivers, called integration services, that make it easier to use the operating system in a Hyper-
V virtual machine.

Portability - Features such as live migration, storage migration, and import/export make it
easier to move or distribute a virtual machine.

Remote connectivity - Hyper-V includes Virtual Machine Connection, a remote connection

tool for use with both Windows and Linux. Unlike Remote Desktop, this tool gives you
console access, so you can see what's happening in the guest even when the operating system
isn't booted yet.

Security - Secure boot and shielded virtual machines help protect against malware and other
unauthorized access to a virtual machine and its data.

Hyper-V Components

Hyper-V has required parts that work together so you can create and run virtual machines.
Together, these parts are called the virtualization platform. They're installed as a set when
you install the Hyper-V role. The required parts include Windows hypervisor, Hyper-V
Virtual Machine Management Service, the virtualization WMI provider, the virtual machine
bus (VMbus), virtualization service provider (VSP) and virtual infrastructure driver (VID).

Hyper-V also has tools for management and connectivity. You can install these on the same
computer that Hyper-V role is installed on, and on computers without the Hyper-V role
installed. These tools are:

 Hyper-V Manager
 Hyper-V module for Windows PowerShell
 Virtual Machine Connection
 Windows PowerShell Direct

Oracle VM VirtualBox
 Oracle VM VirtualBox is a free and open-source hosted hypervisor for x86 virtualization,
developed and maintained by Oracle Corporation. It allows users to create and run virtual
machines on their desktop or laptop computers, enabling them to run multiple operating
systems simultaneously.

VirtualBox supports a wide range of guest operating systems including various versions of
Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, and others. It provides features such as snapshotting,
which allows users to save the current state of a virtual machine and revert back to it later if
needed, as well as support for virtual networking, USB device passthrough, and more.

VirtualBox is commonly used for purposes such as software development and testing,
running legacy applications, experimenting with different operating systems, and creating
virtualized environments for training or educational purposes. It's popular among developers,
IT professionals, and enthusiasts due to its versatility, ease of use, and the fact that it's
available for free under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Oracle VM Virtua:lBox for Windows

Oracle VM VirtualBox is indeed available for Windows operating systems. Users can
download and install the VirtualBox software on their Windows computers to create and run
virtual machines. This allows them to utilize multiple operating systems simultaneously on
their Windows-based systems for various purposes such as development, testing,
experimentation, and more.

To download Oracle VM VirtualBox for Windows, you can visit the official VirtualBox
website (https://www.virtualbox.org/) and navigate to the "Downloads" section. From there,
you can select the version of VirtualBox compatible with your Windows operating system
and download the installation package. Once downloaded, you can proceed with the
installation process, which typically involves running the installer and following the on-
screen instructions to complete the setup.

After installation, you can launch VirtualBox and start creating and managing virtual
machines to meet your specific needs and requirements on your Windows computer.

IBM PowerVM

IBM PowerVM is a virtualization solution designed specifically for IBM Power Systems
servers, which are based on IBM's POWER architecture. PowerVM provides virtualization
capabilities for these servers, enabling the creation and management of virtualized partitions
or logical partitions (LPARs).

Here are some key features and components of IBM PowerVM:

1. Logical Partitioning (LPAR): PowerVM allows administrators to divide a single physical

Power Systems server into multiple logical partitions (LPARs), each running its own
operating system instance. This enables better utilization of server resources by running
multiple workloads on a single physical server.
2. Micro-Partitioning: PowerVM supports micro-partitioning, which allows the subdivision of
CPU and memory resources within a single logical partition (LPAR) into smaller units. This
 fine-grained resource allocation helps optimize resource utilization and performance for
workloads with varying resource requirements.
3. Shared Processor Pool: PowerVM includes a feature called Shared Processor Pool, which
enables dynamic sharing of processor resources among multiple logical partitions (LPARs)
based on workload demands. This feature helps improve resource utilization and flexibility in
dynamic workload environments.
4. Live Partition Mobility (LPM): PowerVM provides Live Partition Mobility (LPM),
allowing administrators to migrate running logical partitions (LPARs) from one physical
server to another within the same Power Systems environment without interrupting workload
operations. LPM helps in workload balancing, planned maintenance, and disaster recovery
scenarios.
5. Virtual I/O Server (VIOS): PowerVM utilizes Virtual I/O Server (VIOS), a specialized
partition responsible for handling I/O operations and providing virtualized I/O services to
other logical partitions (LPARs) on the same physical server. VIOS helps streamline I/O
management, improve scalability, and enhance performance in virtualized environments.
6. Capacity on Demand (CoD): PowerVM supports Capacity on Demand (CoD), allowing
organizations to dynamically activate additional processor and memory resources on-demand
to meet workload requirements without requiring hardware upgrades.

IBM PowerVM

IBM PowerVM is widely used in enterprise environments that rely on IBM Power Systems
servers for their mission-critical workloads, providing advanced virtualization capabilities
tailored to the unique architecture and capabilities of IBM's POWER processors.
Google offers several virtualization solutions and services, primarily targeted at cloud
computing and enterprise customers. Some of the key virtualization offerings from Google
include:

1. Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Compute Engine: GCP Compute Engine is Google's
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) offering that provides virtual machines (VMs) running on
Google's global infrastructure. Customers can create and manage VM instances in the cloud,
choosing from various machine types and operating systems to run their workloads.
2. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE): GKE is a managed Kubernetes service provided by
Google Cloud Platform. Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform for
automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. GKE
enables users to deploy and manage containerized applications using Kubernetes clusters
running on Google Cloud infrastructure.
3. Google Cloud VMware Engine: Google Cloud VMware Engine is a fully managed
VMware service that allows customers to migrate and run VMware workloads natively on
Google Cloud Platform. It provides a dedicated VMware environment running on Google
Cloud infrastructure, enabling organizations to leverage their existing VMware-based
solutions while benefiting from Google Cloud's scalability, reliability, and global reach.
4. Anthos: Anthos is Google Cloud's hybrid and multi-cloud platform that enables customers to
build, deploy, and manage applications across on-premises data centers, Google Cloud
Platform, and other public cloud environments. Anthos provides a consistent platform for
deploying and managing workloads using containers and Kubernetes, offering capabilities for
modernizing existing applications and building new cloud-native applications.
5. Google Cloud Functions: Google Cloud Functions is a serverless compute service that
allows developers to build and deploy event-driven functions in the cloud. Functions are
triggered by various events such as HTTP requests, cloud storage changes, or pub/sub
 messages, and they automatically scale in response to demand, eliminating the need for
managing infrastructure.

These are some of the key virtualization offerings and services provided by Google, catering
to different use cases and deployment scenarios in cloud computing and enterprise
environments.

Case Study
Here's a hypothetical case study illustrating the benefits of virtualization in an enterprise
environment:

Company Background: XYZ Corporation is a medium-sized enterprise with offices located

in multiple cities. The company operates in the finance sector and handles sensitive financial
data from clients. They have a traditional IT infrastructure with physical servers and
workstations distributed across various locations.

Challenges:

1. Resource Underutilization: The company's physical servers are running at low utilization
levels, resulting in inefficient resource allocation and increased hardware costs.
2. Disaster Recovery: XYZ Corporation lacks a robust disaster recovery plan, making them
vulnerable to data loss and extended downtime in case of a disaster or system failure.
3. Testing and Development: The IT team struggles to provision and manage testing and
development environments efficiently, leading to delays in application development and
deployment.
4. Flexibility and Scalability: There is a lack of flexibility and scalability in the existing
infrastructure, making it challenging to adapt to changing business requirements and scale
resources as needed.

Solution: XYZ Corporation decides to implement virtualization technology to address these

challenges. They choose VMware vSphere as their virtualization platform due to its
reliability, performance, and comprehensive feature set.

Implementation:

1. Server Virtualization: XYZ Corporation virtualizes their physical servers using VMware
vSphere, consolidating multiple virtual machines (VMs) onto a smaller number of physical
servers. This improves resource utilization, reduces hardware costs, and simplifies server
management.
2. Disaster Recovery: They implement VMware Site Recovery Manager (SRM) to automate
the replication and failover of virtual machines to a secondary data center in case of a
disaster. This ensures business continuity and minimizes downtime in the event of a disaster.
3. Testing and Development: The IT team creates isolated virtualized environments for testing
and development purposes using VMware vSphere. They can easily provision and manage
virtual machines for different development projects, speeding up the application development
lifecycle.
4. Flexibility and Scalability: With VMware vSphere's dynamic resource allocation and
scalability features, XYZ Corporation gains the flexibility to scale resources up or down
 based on demand. They can easily add or remove virtual machines as needed, enabling them
to adapt to changing business requirements more effectively.

Results:

1. Cost Savings: By consolidating their physical servers through virtualization, XYZ

Corporation reduces hardware costs and achieves higher resource utilization levels, leading to
cost savings.
2. Improved Disaster Recovery: With VMware SRM, XYZ Corporation strengthens their
disaster recovery capabilities, ensuring data protection and minimizing downtime in case of a
disaster.
3. Faster Time-to-Market: The IT team can provision and manage testing and development
environments more efficiently using virtualization, resulting in faster application
development and deployment.
4. Increased Agility: Virtualization enables XYZ Corporation to scale resources quickly and
adapt to changing business needs, increasing their agility and competitiveness in the market.

In conclusion, virtualization technology, exemplified here through VMware vSphere, helps

XYZ Corporation overcome their IT challenges, improve operational efficiency, and achieve
business objectives effectively.