AD ALTA JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

UTILIZATION OF WASTE MATERIALS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT CONCRETE FOR

HIGH TEMPERATURE
a
LENKA MÉSZÁROSOVÁ 3 Choosing of waste raw materials

Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engeneering, It exists a huge amount of waste materials. Theirs utilization
ÚTHD, Veveří 331/95, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic should reduce environmental deterioration, but not all waste
email: ameszarosova.l@fce.vutbr.cz products are usable in specific condition of use.
The new material must fulfill requirement of thermal resistance,
This contribution was created with the financial support from the state budget through to prevent failure by elevating temperatures. Thank this need is
the Ministry of Industry and Trade under the project of FR-TI2/340 named as:
"Research and development of industrial thermal insulation system based on silicate for the classification of secondary raw materials the first
with using secondary raw materials" and with the financial support of Project of criterion clear. Next condition, which should be satisfied by the
Specified university-level research Brno University of Technology n. FAST-J-11- new insulating material, is suitability of use in combination with
34/1350.
the silicate binder.
Among materials, which are fulfilling these two basic
Abstract: This article is dedicated to possibilities of use of aerated concrete as an requirements, belongs concrete waste, mixed construction waste,
insulating material for higher temperatures. Today, there has been strong effort to push aerated concrete, ceramic waste, bricks, roof tiles, sand-lime
the price down and to make the building cost more effective. It is important to look for brick, glass wool, mineral wool, waste sand, waste stone, waste
savings within operations along heat installations. This is possible by use of the right
type of insulating material. dust exhaust, gas boiler dust, slag, waste soot, ash, dross, scrap
metal, waste glass, waste glass containing pollutants, keramzite-
Keywords: Insulating material, high temperature, waste materials concrete, slag-concrete, dross-concrete, aggloporite-concrete,
pearlite-concrete and ceramic brick-concrete.
The optimization analysis helps us to understand better the
1 Introduction
suitability of secondary raw materials for this application by
comparing thermal and technical characteristics of these waste
The cornerstone of any successful business is a continuous effort
materials.
to improve things around. Production must be made more and
more effective, it must be always improved on and on and
The output of the optimization analysis (using the pair
developed further. A common question is about where we shall
comparison criteria) can be clearly expressed by the following
go so that the quality of resulting products cannot be reduced. As
chart.
the first line, it is the best way to be done to remove sources of
unnecessary losses, among which we may include losses of heat.
Huge problem lies in the losses of high-temperature devices such
as furnaces, ducts, chimneys, etc. There is a huge amount of
energy leaking through walls of these high-temperature
equipments, this energy could be saved by using the appropriate
insulation. However, such insulation must be resistant against
high temperatures. All currently manufactured insulation
materials which are resistant to high temperatures are not
sufficiently flexible for insulation of structures with more
complicated shape, or their production is very expensive too. It
can be solved by material which is sufficiently flexible and heat
resistant, the material made on silicate-base, the material which
utilizes waste materials during its production.

2 Currently used materials

Technical equipment (e.g. chimneys, boilers, furnaces) have very

specific requirements that must be taken into account during
their insulating. We can find among them simple shapes of
structures that can be insulated by using prefabricated boards or
Fig. 2: Evaluation of optimization analysis
blocks. But also complicated shapes of structures whose surface
cannot be easily covered by using simple shapes, so it is
Comparison of thermal and technical characteristics indicate,
necessary to use material which will be produced directly on the
that the most appropriate secondary materials are slag, glass-
site.
wool, aerated autoclaved concrete, waste pearlite-concrete, rock-
The most commonly used materials for the particular application
wool, glass waste, aerated autoclaved concrete with fly ash,
at the present times undoubtedly include foam glass. Foam glass
sand-lime brick waste, carbon black, boiler dust ceramic brick-
is resistant to water, humidity. Due to its closed structure, it does
concrete, keramzite-concrete, waste sand, fly ash , agloporite-
not leak water vapours. Furthermore, it resists to organic
concrete. But not all of these waste materials could be used as a
solvents, it is fireproof and resistant to high temperatures (500
filler for new insulating system. It is necessary to review their
°C). Among the other positives, we can also include dimensional
benefits, the economic performance of the elimination of their
stability and ecological safety. The disadvantage is the high
conditionally applicability and quantities of waste appearance.
production cost and hence the price.
4 Increasing of thermal resistance
Other suitable materials for use at higher temperatures, are
mineral and glass wool, expanded pearlite and isinglass. All
The main purpose of the proposed material is thermal insulation
these materials have excellent technological properties.
resistance of existing constructions with high temperature. The
However, their production is energetically complicated, which
largest consumer of thermal energy (from a group of
means a high financial cost. As the solution to this problem, we
construction for which is the material intended) is industrial
can see a design of new material that will benefit from low-cost
furnace.
modern technology while maintaining the desired properties.
Increasing of the specific thermal resistance is shown at the
simplified example of heat transfer through external cladding of
model furnace with fireclay lining with thickness of 0.10 m and
with sheathing with thickness of 0.40 m. The design temperature
inside the furnace is about 1000 ° C.

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AD ALTA JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

When are these materials with high coefficient of thermal we will obtain a material capable of resistance to high
transmission used, there is enormous heat loss, which could be temperatures (up to 500 °C) and having sufficient heat
eliminated by adding of suitable insulation. resistance; the material whose production is less expensive
For example, after adding of designed thermal insulation with compared with other insulating materials of comparable
thickness of 0.15 m, is the temperature distribution in the properties.
construction changed consequently:
Possibilities of its production, application and use are still at an
early stage of development. The article only provides the
alternative possibilities of using the porous material based on
silicate as a thermal insulator with higher thermal resistance.

Literature:

1. Drochytka, R.; Zach, J.; Hroudová, J. Problematika stanovení

návrhových tepelných hodnot u pórobetonového zdiva. In
Conference - Testing and Quality in the Building Industry Brno:
VUT, Brno, 2010. page 279-287. ISBN: 978-80-214-4144 - 6
2. Svoboda, L., Stavební hmoty. Bratislava: JAGA GROUP,
s.r.o., 2007, ISBN 978-80-8076-057-1
3. Šťastník, S.; Bradáč, O.; Kmínová, H.; Zach, J. Netradiční
použití silikátových pojiv pro přípravu tepelně izolačních
Fig. 3: Distribution of temperatures before adding of insulating materiálů. In Maltoviny 2003, 2nd Conference of Experts Brno:
material FAST VUT Brno, 2003. page 81-85. ISBN: 80-86607-08-9.
4. Výborný, J., Košatka, P., Drochytka, R., Pume, D.: Aerated
Concrete, 1st Edition Brno: VUTIUM Press, 2000. page 156.
ISBN 80-214-1476
5. Catalogue of wastes, supplement No.1 of decree of the
government ČR MŽP 381/2001 Sb.

Primary Paper Section: J

Secondary Paper Section: JI, JJ, JN

Fig.4: Distribution of temperatures after adding of insulating

material

In keeping the supplied heat in the furnace chamber, temperature

will increase by adding extra insulation on internal surface of the
construction to about 200 °C.

Tab.1: Simulated specific thermal resistance and coefficient of

thermal transmission according to ČSN EN ISO 6946

actual with added

sign unit
state insulation
Specific
thermal R m2K/W 0,38 1,13
resistance
Coefficient
of thermal U W/m2K 1,80 0,77
transmission
Adding of extra insulation will significantly reduce the
coefficient of thermal transmission and closely related increase
of specific thermal resistance. The increase of specific thermal
resistance of the construction will reduce the cost of delivered
heat energy into burning space.

5 Conclusion

This article outlines the possible use of aerated concrete for the
purpose of insulating thermally-sophisticated equipments. The
material should combine some of the advantages of currently
produced aerated concretes and foam concretes (low volume
weight, high heat resistance, low production costs) with high
heat resistance. The benefit of this new material is its ability to
perform its function even at higher temperatures. By creating a
substance based on silicate which is filled with waste materials
with improved thermal resistance and by its subsequent aeration,

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