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PLC Introduction

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25 views14 pages

PLC Introduction

Uploaded by

bdkatil55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Microprocessor base controllers:

Programmable Logic Controller


A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial solid-state computer that monitors
inputs and outputs, and makes logic-based decisions for automated processes or machines.

PLCs were introduced in the late 1960s by inventor Richard Morley to provide the same
functions as relay logic systems. Relay systems at the time tended to fail and create delays.
Technicians then had to troubleshoot an entire wall of relays to fix the problem.
PLC Basic / Structure
• Some PLCs are
– integrated into a single unit (Picocontroller),
– whereas others are modular (PLC5, SLC500)
– The Micrologix product lies somewhere between the PLC5 and the
Picocontroller
• Integrated PLCs are sometimes called brick PLCs because of their
small size
– These PLCs have embedded I/O (i.e. the I/O is a part of the same
unit as the controller itself)
– Modular PLCs have extended I/O
Advantages:

PLCs are robust and can survive harsh conditions including severe heat, cold, dust and
extreme moisture. Their programming language is easily understood, so they can be
programmed without much difficulty. PLCs are modular so they can be plugged into
various setups. Replacing relays with PLCs helps prevent overheating of contacts.

Disadvantages:

PLCs do have disadvantages. They do not perform well when handling complex data.
When dealing with data that requires C++ or Visual Basic, computers are the controllers of
choice. PLCs also cannot display data well, so external monitors are often required.
PLC COMPONENTS
1. Processor Microprocessor based, may allow arithmetic
operations, logic operators, block memory moves, computer
interface, local area network, functions, etc.

2. Memory Measured in words.


ROM (Read Only Memory),
RAM (Random Access Memory),
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory),
EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable
ROM),
PLC COMPONENTS
3. I/O AC voltage input and output,
DC voltage input and output,
Low level analog input,
High level analog input and output,
Stepping motor controllers, etc. PID, Motion
4. Power supply AC power
5. Peripheral Hand held programmer (loader),
CRT programmer,
Operator console,
Printer,
Simulator,
Graphics processor, and
Network communication interface. MAP, LAN
PLC Hardware Components (PLC operation)
A Central Processing Unit (CPU) serves as the brain of the PLC. It is a -
16 or -32 bit microprocessor consisting of a memory chip and integrated
circuits for control logic, monitoring, and communicating. The CPU
directs the PLC to execute control instructions, communicate with other
devices, carry out logic and arithmetic operations, and perform internal
diagnostics.
Memory provides permanent storage to the operating system for data
used by the CPU. The system’s read-only memory (ROM) stores data
permanently for the operating system. Random access memory (RAM)
stores status information for input and output devices, along with values
for timers, counters and internal devices. PLCs require a programming
device, either a computer or console, to upload data onto the CPU.
A CPU operating cycle includes the following steps: a) start scan; b)
internal checks; c) scan inputs; d) execute program logic; and e) update
outputs. The program repeats with the updated outputs.
PLCs read signals from different sensors and input devices. These
input devices can be keyboards, switches or sensors. Inputs can be
either in digital or analog form. Output devices such as motors and
solenoid valves complete the automated system.
The top left image depicts common inputs in a PLC, including push
buttons and switches. Output connections are shown in the top right
image and include signal out (SOL), pilot light (PL), and motor
ignition (MI).
• PLC video https://youtu.be/ReTtgzN-Dmc
• 2- https://youtu.be/PbAGl_mv5XI
Thank You

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