Experiment No.

Title: Bluetooth module HC05 Interfacing with Arduino

Pre requisite : Basics of Communication , Serial Communication , Wireless
communication , Down load Bluetooth communication App on Mobile

Tasks:
A) Write a program to transfer message from mobile and display it on the serial monitor using
Bluetooth. E. g. When I send RED from mobile Red LED connected to ARDUINO should
glow , for Green …. Green should glow and so on . Also when BEEP sent should make buzzer
beep , and send STOP buzzer should stop.
B) Write a program to Transfer message from mobile using Bluetooth
to Arduino and display it on the LCD

Theory:
A Bluetooth technology is a high-speed low powered wireless technology link that is designed
to connect phones or other portable equipment together. It is a specification (IEEE 802.15.1)
for the use of low power radio communications to link phones, computers and other network
devices over short distance without wires. Wireless signals transmitted with Bluetooth cover
short distances, typically up to 30 feet (10 meters).
It is achieved by embedded low-cost transceivers into the devices. It supports on the frequency
band of 2.45GHz and can support up to 721KBps along with three voice channels. This
frequency band has been set aside by international agreement for the use of industrial, scientific
and medical devices (ISM).
Working with the help of HC 05 android app:
 Download the Application
 Pair your device with HC 05/06 Bluetooth module
 Turn ON HC 05/06 Bluetooth module
 Scan for available device
 Pair to HC 05/06 by entering default password 1234 OR 0000
 Open the Application.
 Press paired devices
 Select your Bluetooth module from the List (HC 05)

The Bluetooth module at other end receives the data and send to Arduino through the
TX pin of Bluetooth module (RX pin of Arduino). The Code fed to Arduino checks the
received data and compares. If received data is 1 the LED turns on turns OFF when
received data is 0.
Operating components and materials required with specifications:

 Arduino Development Board,

 USB Cable,
 Breadboard,
 LED, Resistor (1 k-ohm),
 Connecting Wires,
 LCD Module(16*2) ,
 Potentiometer 10K,
 HC-05 Bluetooth Module.

Interfacing Circuit diagram: (Draw Connections between Arduino Uno and the Sensors
as well as other components )

Algorithm: Write (Type) detailed steps of algorithm for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the
Aim A) and B).

Result:(Put screenshot of serial monitor for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the Aim A) and
B).

Conclusion: Bluetooth is widely used in remote controls, headphones, to transfer files from
one device to another, devices such as keyboard, printer and mouse, etc.
 Experiment No. 7

Title: Thermistor (Temperature Sensor ) Interfacing with Arduino Uno

Prerequisites : Various Temperature Sensors, and its usage in applications, Sensitivity
Control Of Sensor.
Problem statement
A) Write a program to interface Thermistor so as to display temperature reading in
degrees on serial monitor.
B) Write a program to interface Thermistor so as to display temperature reading in
degrees on LCD Display.

Theory: Thermistors are variable resistors that change their resistance with temperature. They
are classified by the way their resistance responds to temperature changes. In Negative
Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors, resistance decreases with an increase in
temperature. In Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors, resistance increases with
an increase in temperature. NTC thermistors are the most common, NTC thermistors are made
from a semiconducting material (such as a metal oxide or ceramic) that’s been heated and
compressed to form a temperature sensitive conducting material.
The conducting material contains charge carriers that allow current to flow through it. High
temperatures cause the semiconducting material to release more charge carriers. In NTC
thermistors made from ferric oxide, electrons are the charge carriers. In nickel oxide NTC
thermistors, the charge carriers are electron holes.
Thermistor Symbol

The Arduino will measure the voltage at a point between the thermistor and a known resistor.
This is known as a voltage divider. The equation for a voltage divider is:

Vout=Vin xR2/R1+R2
In terms of the voltage divider in a thermistor circuit, the variables in the equation above are:

Vout Voltage between Thermistor and known Resistor

Vin Vcc i.e., +5V
R1 Known Resistor
R2 resistance of Thermistor

Explain Map () function of Arduino cc,

Operating components and materials required with specifications:

 Arduino Development Board,

 USB Cable,
 Breadboard,
 LED, Resistor (1 k-ohm),
 Connecting Wires,
 LCD Module(16*2) ,
 Potentiometer 10K,
 Thermistor Module

Interfacing Circuit diagram: (Draw Connections between Arduino Uno and the Sensors
as well as other components ) ALSO DRAW NTC GRAPH

Algorithm: Write (Type) detailed steps of algorithm for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the
Aim A) and B).

Result:(Put screenshot of serial monitor for each problem statement given i.e., for each of the
Aim A) and B).

Conclusion: Write Industrial Applications of Thermistor. Digital Thermometers , Automotive

Sectors
 Experiment No. 9

Title: Push Button or Micro Switch Interfacing with Arduino

Pre-requisite: Different types of electronic switches and their selection and usage in
applications, DC motor working requirements.
Tasks
A) Write a program to turn ON and turn OFF the LED using push button.
B) DC motor on-off control using a push button (Micro switch) using Arduino Uno.

Components: Arduino UNO Development Board, USB Cable, Breadboard, LED, Resistor (1
k ohm, 10Kohm), Connecting Wires, Push Button (Micro Switch), DC Motor etc.

Theory:

The pushbutton is a component that connects two points in a circuit when you press it. We
connect three wires to the Arduino board. The first goes from one leg of the pushbutton
through a pull-up or pull-down resistor (here 10 KOhms) to the 5-volt supply. The second
goes from the corresponding leg of the pushbutton to ground. The third connects to a digital
I/o pin (here pin 7) which reads the button's state. When the pushbutton is open (unpressed)
there is no connection between the two legs of the pushbutton, so the pin is connected to 5
volts (through the pull-up resistor) and we read a HIGH. When the button is closed
(pressed), it makes a connection between its two legs, connecting the pin to ground, so that
we read a LOW. (The pin is still connected to 5 volts, but the resistor in-between those
means that the pin is "closer" to ground.)

Operating components and materials required with specifications:

 Arduino UNO Development Board,
 USB Cable, Breadboard,
 Connecting Wires,
 Push Button (Micro Switch)
  DC Motor etc.

Interfacing Circuit diagram: (Draw Connections between Arduino Uno and the Sensors
as well as d c Motor )

Algorithm: Write detailed steps of algorithm for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the Aim A),
&B)

Result: Put screenshot of serial monitor for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the Aim A),& B)

Conclusion: Explain debouncing and need of pull-down resistor in micro switch.

 Experiment No. 11

Title: Servo Motor Interfacing with Arduino

Pre-requisite: Difference between servo and DC motor, PWM, Current requirements of
a Servo
Tasks:
A) Write a program to control the Servo Motor Rotation by one Degree using Arduino Uno
B) Write a program to control Servo Motor Rotation Control using potentiometer
C) Write a program to rotate servo through given degrees . Accept Command from cell
phone via blue tooth.

Theory:
A servo motor is an electric device used for precise control of angular rotation. It is used in
applications that demand precise control over motion, like in case of control of a robotic arm,
The rotation angle of the servo motor is controlled by applying a PWM signal to it. By varying
the width of the PWM signal, we can change the rotation angle and direction of the motor.
Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is typically red, and
should be connected to the 5V pin on the Arduino board. The ground wire is typically black or
brown and should be connected to a ground pin on the board. The signal pin is typically yellow
or orange and should be connected to PWM pin on the board. In these examples, it is pin
number 9.

The Servo.h is a great library for controlling servo motors.

Knob Circuit
For the Knob example, wire the potentiometer so that its two outer pins are connected to power
(+5V) and ground, and its middle pin is connected to A0 on the board. Then, connect the servo
motor to +5V, GND and pin 9.

Functions Used

1. Servo my servo

 This creates an object named my servo of the class Servo.

2. myservo.attach(pin)

 This function attaches the servo variable to a pin.

 Pin is the pin number to which the servo is attached.

3. myservo.write(angle)

 This function writes a value to the servo, thus controlling the position of the shaft.
 Angle can take values between 0 to 180.

4. map (value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)

  This function is used to map a number from one range to another range.
 This means that “value” having a value between “fromLow” to “fromHigh” gets
converted to equivalent values in the range of “toLow” to “toHigh”. “fromLow” gets
mapped to “toLow” and so on.

Operating components and materials required with specifications:

 Arduino UNO Development Board,
 USB Cable, Breadboard,
 Connecting Wires,
 10 K Potentiometer
 Servo

Interfacing Circuit diagram: (Draw Connections between Arduino Uno and the Sensors
as well as other components )

Algorithm: Write (Type) detailed steps of algorithm for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the
Aim A), &B).
A) Program to control the Servo Motor Rotation by one Degree
STEP 1- Start
STEP 2- include servo.h library
STEP 3- define angle
STEP 4- create a new object myservo from the library
STEP 5- in void setup, declare myservo.attach(9)
STEP 6- in void loop, use for loops to rotate the motor
STEP 7- Stop

B) Program to control servo motor with potentiometer.

STEP 1- Start
STEP 2- include servo.h library
STEP 3- create a new object myservo from the class Servo
STEP 4- define a variable val and port pin and initialize it to the analogue pin of the Arduino
A0
STEP 5- in void setup, declare myservo.attach(9)
STEP 6- in void loop, initialize the variable val to the value from the analogue input of the
potentiometer
STEP 7- map the value of angle and rotate the motor
STEP 8- Stop

Result: Put screenshot of serial monitor for each Tasks given i.e., for each of the Aim A), &B).

Conclusion: Explain working principle of the stepper motor.

Servo motors are used in DVD and Blu ray disc players. Automobiles also use servo motors.
In modern cars it is used to control its speed. Printers also user servo.