Marine Samraj General Notes
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Shibam} J+ 20/3 >} ‘Strum or 7 Sirainer Tank margin plate As per SOLAS requirement, the minimum diameter of the bilge injection valve is kept at 2/3rd of the main valve diameter. The size of the Emergency Bilge Injection Valve Is typically smaller than the Main Sea Water Injection Valve because the Emergency Bilge Injection Valve is intended for use in emergencies, such as when there is a leak or flooding in the bilge and is not designed to handle the same volume of water as the Main Sea Water Injection Valve. The spindle of the sea and emergency bilge injection valve shall extend well above the engine room platform. Admin dmin Want to improve the Answer ? G Scanned with OKEN Scanner HOt Question MEKG / Dec 2023 / 98 @ & 4.91% M@ 7:08 PM Q8 (a) Sketch a two-ram type hydraulic steering gear with a single Electro-hydraulic pumping unit. Show the hunting gear arrangement and indicate valve positions. (8) (b) State the purpose of, and describe the operation of: (8) (i) Hydraulic shock/buffer valves. (ii) Oil replenishing tank. (iii) Hunting gear Steering & stal 10 marks. 1 Oct 2022 (a) Dec 2023 9 days ago cylinder Hunting tl |_ lever Bypass valve Isolating Tiller Buffer valve min Isolating valve fr (b) (i) The purpose of hydraulic shock/bufier valves is to prevent sudden and jarring movements of the rudder, which can cause damage to the steering system. These valves work by regulating Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @& = 91%M7.08 PM < Question MEKG / Dec 2023/Q8 (b) (i) The purpose of hydraulic shock/bufier valves is to prevent sudden and jarring movements of the rudder, which can cause damage to the steering system. These valves work by regulating the flow of hydraulic fluid to the steering gear, providing resistance to sudden movements of the rudder. When the rudder moves too quickly, the hydraulic shock/buffer valve restricts the flow of hydraulic fluid, slowing down the movement of the rudder and preventing damage to the steering gear. The valve is typically located in the hydraulic circuit between the steering gear and the hydraulic pump. The valve consists of a piston and a seat, with the piston being held in place by a spring. When the hydraulic pressure exceeds a certain level, the piston is forced against the seat, restricting the flow of fluid and providing the necessary resistance to slow down the rudder's movement. (ii) The purpose of an oil replenishing tank is to provide A safe working level and continuously available source of oil for the pump suction To act as a make up supply and as a reservoir for excess weight due to expansion in closed system + For purging out intruded air. * Dissipating, the heat generated in the pump and system is not fitted with coolers * Providing a long residential time for the setting of contaminant + Housing alarms and control arrangement for coping with leakages from the system (ili) The purpose of a hunting gear in a steering gear system is to prevent the rudder from oscillating or "hunting" back and forth when the vessel is under way. Hunting can be caused by a variety of factors, including changes in water flow, wind, and vessel speed, and can make steering difficult or even dangerous. The hunting gear typically consists of a small hydraulic cylinder that is connected to the steering gear system. When hunting is detected, the cylinder is activated, introducing a small amount of resistance into the system that helps to stabilize the rudder and prevent further oscillation. The hunting gear is typically operated by a control system that monitors the vessel's speed, course, and other relevant factors to detect hunting. When hunting is detected, the control system activates the hunting gear for a brief period of time, typically a few seconds, before deactivating it and allowing normal steering to resume, sf) S2 - - 2 Scanned with OKEN Scanner aot @ & > 91% M1 7:08 PM < Question MEKG / Dec 2023/99 9 (a) Explain why air receivers should be drained frequently and its internal surfaces to (a be provided with protective coatings (6) (b) Describe the procedure for internal inspection of air receivers and the possible defects that may be encountered. Suggest suitable repair methods for the defects. (6) (c) Describe fault conditions associated with air receiver mountings and the remedies to rectify the same. (4) Compressed air system 10 marks. Dec 2023 1 Dec 2022 2 months ago Importance of Draining Air Receivers and Providing Protective Coatings: * Air receivers should be drained frequently to remove accumulated condensate or moisture. During compression, air contains water vapor, and as the air cools in the receiver, the water condenses and collects at the bottom. if this condensate is not drained regularly, it can cause two main problems: + The collected water can cause corrosion on the internal surfaces of the receiver, reducing its structural integrity and lifespan. + If not drained, the water can be entrained in the air leaving the receiver, leading to corrosion and potential jamming of air valves, including main and pilot air valves. This can result in starting and maneuvering Issues for the main engine and auxiliary engines. To protect air receivers from corrosion, internal surfaces should be provided with protective coatings. These coatings help prevent the direct contact of moisture or condensate with the metal surface, reducing the risk of corrosion, Suitable protective coatings include: * Graphite Suspension in Water: Graphite-based coatings provide anti-corrosive properties + Linseed Oil: Linseed oil coatings offer protection against oxidation and corrosion + Copal Varnish or Epoxy Coating: These coatings provide anti-corrosive, anti-toxic, or anti- oxidation properties. * It is crucial to implement regular draining and protective coatings to ensure the proper functioning and longevity of air receivers. (b) Procedure for Internal Inspection of Air Receivers and Possible Defects: Procedure for Inspection: Scanned with OKEN Scanner Or @ & 90% M@ 7:09 PM < Question MEKG / Dec 2023 /Q9 (b) Procedure for Internal Inspection of Air Receivers and Possible Defects: Procedure for Inspection: « Isolate the air receiver from any other receivers by using at least two valves and locking them shut. * If isolation valves cannot be shut and locked, remove one cross-connecting pipe and fit a blank. * Open the manhole door and ensure proper ventilation, following enclosed space entry procedures. * Inspect the internal surface for corrosion, especially in areas where condensate is likely to collect, such as the bottom of the receiver and relatively cooler surfaces, + Pay attention to any signs of pitting corrosion caused by emulsified oil and inspect the weld seams for wastage. * Check for erosion around the high-pressure air outlet. * Inspect manhole doors, bolts, and nuts for any defects or signs of wear. Possible Defects: * Defective Safety Valves: Malfunctioning safety valves can compromise the safety of the air receiver, leading to potential overpressure situations. + High Levels of Condensate: Excessive condensate inside the air receiver may indicate inadequate draining procedures or malfunctioning drain valves. * Blocked Blowdown/Drain Valves: Blocked blowdown or drain valves can prevent proper removal of condensate, leading to potential corrosion issues. * High Levels of Emulsified Oil: If there is an excessive level of emulsified oil inside the air receiver, it may result in pitting corrosion due to oxidized and acidic oil. * Lack of Clear Indication of Safe Working Pressure: The air receiver should have clear markings indicating its safe working pressure to ensure proper operation and safety. * Corrosion: Corrosion on the internal surfaces can compromise the structural integrity of the air receiver and should be addressed promptly. Suitable Repair Methods: + For defective safety valves, they should be repaired or replaced as per manufacturer recommendations. + Blocked blowdown or drain valves should be cleaned or replaced as necessary to ensure proper drainage. + If emulsified oil is causing corrosion, steps should be taken to prevent excessive oil carryover, such as improving filtration and separator efficiency. * Corrosion on internal surfaces should be addressed by removina the corroded areas and Scanned with OKEN Scanner Or @ & 90% M@ 7:09 PM < Question MEKG / Dec 2023/Q9 © Corrosion, Corrosion on the internal surTaces can compre! air receiver and should be addressed promptly. lise The St UCtUral Integrity OF Whe Suitable Repair Methods: + For defective safety valves, they should be repaired or replaced as per manufacturer recommendations. + Blocked blowdown or drain valves should be cleaned or replaced as necessary to ensure proper drainage. + If emulsified oil is causing corrosion, steps should be taken to prevent excessive oil carryover, such as improving filtration and separator efficiency. * Corrosion on internal surfaces should be addressed by removing the corroded areas and applying suitable protective coatings. (c) Fault Conditions Associated with Air Receiver Mountings and Remedies: * Defective Fusible Plug & Relief Valves: In the event of a fusible plug failure or faulty relief valves, it may lead to overpressure situations. Regular inspection and replacement of faulty components are essential to maintain safety. * Blocked Drain Valves: Blocked drain valves can prevent proper draining of condensate, leading to corrosion and potential operational issues. Regular maintenance and cleaning of drain valves are necessary. + Faulty Pressure Gauges: Faulty pressure gauges cen provide inaccurate readings, compromising the ability to monitor the air receiver's pressure. Gauge calibration and replacements should be done as needed. * Blocked Main and Auxiliary Engine Starting Valves: Blocked starting valves can prevent proper air supply to the engines, affecting their starting and maneuvering. Regular inspection and cleaning are required to ensure smooth operation * Defective Compensation Ring: If the compensation ring is faulty, it can result in pressure variations and potential safety hazards. Timely repair or replacement of the compensation ring is necessary Admin @admin Want to improve the Answer ? & Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & F 90%M@ 7:10PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q1 QI (a) Sketch and describe using a block diagram the processes involved in fuel oil treatment before injection (10) (b) What is the purpose of centrifuging fuel and how gravity disc is selected (3) (c) Why homogenisers and fine filters are used downstream (3) Fuel oll & system 10 marks Nov 2023 1 Jun 2023 9 days ago Fuel oil should be free from solid and liquid contaminants. Presence of these impurities results in poor combustion, wear of cylinder liner and damage to exhaust valve seats, fuel pumps and fuel valves. Fuel oil kept in settling tank allow the heavier impurities to settle first. Steam coil heats the fuel oil to separate the water faster. The water and the impurities settled at the bottom of the tank are drained periodically. The drains should be checked at least twice in a watch, especially while taking the rounds, Centrifuging: Effective cleaning of fuel oil is achieved by centrifuges. Two centrifuges are available for fuel cleaning. The capacity of each should be sufficient to meet the fuel requirement of the engine without exceeding the recommended throughput rates. The ability to separate water from fuel oil depends on the specific gravity, viscosity, flow rate and separation temperature of the fuel oil. The ability to separate abrasive particles from fuel oil depends on the size and specific weight of the particle. To obtain optimum centrifugal separation, reduce viscosity of fuel oil by heating it before centrifuging. Allow the fuel oil to remain in the centrifuge bowl as long as possible by adjusting to minimum throughput. In conventional centrifuges, selection of the gravity disc is critical. For optimum separation, interface between oil and water in the bowl must be outside the disc stack but inside the outer edge of the top disc. Gravity disc selection is based on nomogram provided by the manufacturer's manual. Based on specific gravity of oil, and temperature of oil correct size gravity disc is chosen. Correct disposition of the oil/water interface depends on correct size gravity disc, Too large a gravity disc will shift the oily water interface towards bowl periphery and vice versa. Series operation: To ensure optimal cleaning of residual fuels, a series arrangement of a purifier followed by a clarifier is used. The oil has to be centrifuged through the purifier first because the clarifier separates solids onlv from the feed oil. Catalvtic fine removal improves with the use of a Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & F 90%M@ 7:10PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q1 Gravity disc selection is based on nomogram provided by the manufacturer's manual. Based on specific gravity of oil, and temperature of oil correct size gravity disc is chosen. Correct disposition of the oil/water interface depends on correct size gravity disc, Too large a gravity disc will shift the oily water interface towards bowl periphery and vice versa. Series operation: To ensure optimal cleaning of residual fuels, a series arrangement of a purifier followed by a clarifier is used. The oil has to be centrifuged through the purifier first because the clarifier separates solids only from the feed oil. Catalytic fine removal improves with the use of a clarifier. Centrifuge operating temperatures are maintained as high as possible, usually around 95°C - 98°C. Effective fuel treatment can remove up to 5% fresh water or 3% salt water. The effectiveness of water removal is less for very viscous fuels, If the fuel density is marginally over the 991 kg/m3 limit and the water content is low, both centrifuges are used as clarifiers for better cleaning. Parallel operation of centrifuges is not effective as series purification. It may be used when the water content in the oil is high. Homogeniser and fine filter: Homogeniser breaks up water and sludge in fuel after centrifuging thus reducing incompatibility. Complete removal of catalyst fines is impossible in a centrifuge due to low gravity. Homogenisation removes these catalyst fines and thus minimises the risk of blocking the filter by agglomeration of asphaltenes. A fine filter with very fine mesh removes possible contaminants present in the fuel after centrifuging. Before carrying out the operation of filter cleaning it is recommended to switch off the relevant pump, isolate the system by closing inlet and outlet valves. and open the appropriate drain and vent valves. Preheating before injection To ensure correct atomisation, the fuel oil is preheated before injection into main engine or auxiliary engine. The preheating temperature depends on viscosity of oil. Recommended viscosity before injection is 10 - 20 cSt. Depending upon the relationship between viscosity and temperature, an outlet temperature of 150°C (approx.) is required. Inadequate preheating results in high viscosity which leads to high injection pressures, causing excessive mechanical stresses in the fuel oil system. This affects combustion, increases wear of cylinder liner and piston ring and damages the exhaust valve seats. Excess heating of fuel oil pipelines by heat tracing results in vapour lock in fuel oil lines. Excessive heating reduces viscosity, resulting in the fuel pumps running hot. This increases the risk of fuel pump plunger getting stuck and causing damage to the sealing arrangement. In most installations, steam preheats the oil and a viscorator (Viscosity Meter) measures the resultant viscosity. LA 22 Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & % 90%M@ 7:10PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q3 Q3 (a) Sketch and describe a ‘four ram electro hydraulic steering system’, showing pump isolating valves, relief valves and bypass valves. (10) (b) Indicate & explain valve position for one pump isolation and one unit isolation. (6) Steering & stabilisers 10 marks Nov 2023 14 days ago (a) Return oil Pressurised oil Ram and cylinder Relief valve, Rudder stock cyl TETXP Fave IK Directional control valve | SO Seite selon fo] Sy No. 2 pump. Level switch QY Sump ‘sump = Admin Scanned with OKEN Scanner Or @& 2 90%M7:11PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / 94 Q4 (a) Sketch and describe the modern purification system using ‘ALCAP' concept for purifying fuel with specific gravity about 0.991. (8) (b) Explain how ‘ALCAP' separater operates as clarifier & how is the water drained off? (4) (c) What is ‘paring disc'? How does it function? (4) Purifiers & system 10 marks. Nov 2023 1 Dec 2023 12 days ago Control unit Oil inlet Clean oil outlet -—— Water drain valve Water transducer Flow control disc Disc stack Sludge space di The ALCAP (Automatic Liquid Cleaning and Purification) system is a modern purification system ( Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & F 90%M@ 7:11PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q& Lis le The ALCAP (Automatic Liquid Cleaning and Purification) system is a modern purification system designed for fuel with specific gravity around 0.991. It functions similarly to a clarifier, separating water and sludge from the oil. Oil with a specific gravity of more than 0.991 Is fed into the system through the oil inlet. The separator utilizes a flow control disc instead of a standard gravity disc due to the minimal difference in specific gravity between water and the fuel oil. As the separation process occurs, water and sludge accumulate at the bow!'s periphery. The purified oil is discharged through the oil outlet after the separation process. The separator uses a flow control disc instead of the standard gravity disc, as the difference in specific gravity between the water and the fuel oil to be purified is less. Awater transducer is situated on the oil outlet side. It senses the water content and activates the control unit. When the accumulation of seperated water increases, the water approaches the disc and part of the water is carried over with the clean oil. The water transducer senses the water in the oil and sends a signal to the control unit. The control unit opens the water drain valve. The accumulator water flows through the hole in the flow control disc and drains through the valve. Accumulated water can also be removed through the sludge port during desiudging. The control unit is programmed to monitor the number of times the drain valve opens and the time elapsed since the last desludge cycle. Based on the programming, the control unit either drains water through the valve or initiates desludging as necessary. (b) The ALCAP separator operates as a clarifier by using a flow control disc instead of a gravity disc. The flow control disc allows the separated water to accumulate at the bowl periphery while preventing it from mixing with the purified oil. When the accumulated water reaches a certain level, a water transducer senses the water Scanned with OKEN Scanner Gor @& = 90%M 7:11PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q4 A water transducer is situated on the oil outlet side. It senses the water content and activates the control unit. When the accumulation of seperated water increases, the water approaches the disc and part of the water is carried over with the clean oil. The water transducer senses the water in the oil and sends a signal to the control unit. The control unit opens the water drain valve. The accumulator water flows through the hole in the flow control disc and drains through the valve. Accumulated water can also be removed through the sludge port during desludging. The control unit is programmed to monitor the number of times the drain valve opens and the time elapsed since the last desludge cycle. Based on the programming, the control unit either drains water through the valve or initiates desludging as necessary. (b) The ALCAP separator operates as a clarifier by using a flow control disc instead of a gravity disc. The flow control disc allows the separated water to accumulate at the bowl periphery while preventing it from mixing with the purified oil. When the accumulated water reaches a certain level, a water transducer senses the water content and activates the control unit. The control unit opens the water drain valve, allowing the water to drain through the hole in the flow control disc, Alternatively, accumulated water can be removed during desludging through the sludge port. (c) pairing disc - It is a stationary impeller/s mounted in a chamber at the neck of the bowl. Its function is to convert the rotating (kinetic) energy of the liquid into a pressure head. or Want to improve the Answer ? V3) os ‘ N Scanned with OKEN Scanner HOt @ 8 = 908M 7:12PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / 95 Q5 (a) Explain with reasons, as to why ‘boiler water testing’ is carried out on board. (6) (b) Explain procedure for collecting boiler water sample? State precautions? (4) (c) Mention with procedure and recommended values for the tests which need to be carried on boiler water as a routine. (6) WHRS & Boiler 10 marks. Nov 2023 Midays ago Boiler water treatment is carried out to prevent "Scale formation and corrosion" in feed and boiler systems. Treatment by phosphates precipitate sludge, while treatment for dissolved oxygen form harmless salts that are removed later. As a result, the "Hardness causing salts" are removed. Distilled water is used in boiler feed water system, but at higher temperatures it becomes acidic Feed water treatment gives the water sufficient alkalinity. The presence of oxygen in the feed water gives rise to feed line corrosion. This results in the formation of corrosive products such as oxides of iron and copper. Oxygen scavenging chemicals are added to remove the dissolved oxygen in feed water, Various test carried out are as follows: 1) hardness test 2) alkalinity test 3) chloride test 4) phosphate test 5) ph test 6) hydrazine test 7) sulphite test: Sachin Dhamunia @sachin_Psw Want to improve the Answer ? Z Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & 4.90% M@ 7:12PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q6 Q6 (a) Explain the term ‘Volumetric efficiency’ in respect of air compressors. (3) (b) State reasons for drop in ‘Volumetric efficiency’ and how same can be restored? (7) (c) Explain the purpose of ' unloader’. Name the methods used for unloading, for ‘starting’ and ‘stopping’ when on automatic operation. (6) Compressed system 10 marks. Nov 2023 about 2 months ago (a) Volumetric efficiency in air compressors is defined as the ratio of the induced volume to the swept volume. Mathematically, it is expressed as: Volumetric f ficiency = Ahigh volumetric efficiency indicates a more effective compression process and correlates with higher output under given operating conditions. (b) (b) Reasons for Drop in Volumetric Efficiency * Increase in bumping clearance leads to a drop in volumetric efficiency. Rectify clearance by changing the cylinder head gasket with a different thickness gasket. + Leaking valves can significantly impact volumetric efficiency. Overhaul or replace the valves with new ones. * Damaged piston rings result in decreased efficiency.Replace the damaged piston rings * Worn-out liners allow air to blow past into the crankcase, reducing efficiency. Replace the worn-out liner. + Any restriction in the intercooler or air intake filter can hinder the air compression process Remove restrictions and ensure proper functioning + Elevated air inlet temperature can impact volumetric efficiency negatively. Implement cooling measures to maintain optimal temperature levels. + Restricted discharge lines impede the smooth flow of compressed air. Address and remove any restrictions in the discharge lines. (c) The unloader in an air compressor serves the purpose of allowing the compressor to start with little to no load. During automatic operation, two methods are used for unloading: Starting: The unloader vents both Low-Pressure (LP) and High-Pressure (HP) chambers to the atmosphere, Operated by a solenoid valve, allowing the compressor to start with low load. Scanned with OKEN Scanner @oOr @& F 90%M 7:12PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / 96 Volume of Air Taken VolumetricE f ficiency : Ahigh volumetric efficiency indicates a more effective compression process and correlates with higher output under given operating conditions. (b) (b) Reasons for Drop in Volumetric Efficiency * Increase in bumping clearance leads to a drop in volumetric efficiency. Rectify clearance by changing the cylinder head gasket with a different thickness gasket. * Leaking valves can significantly impact volumetric efficiency. Overhaul or replace the valves with new ones. * Damaged piston rings result in decreased efficiency.Replace the damaged piston rings * Worn-out liners allow air to blow past into the crankcase, reducing efficiency. Replace the worn-out liner. * Any restriction in the intercooler or air intake filter can hinder the air compression process Remove restrictions and ensure proper functioning. + Elevated air inlet temperature can impact volumetric efficiency negatively. Implement cooling measures to maintain optimal temperature levels. + Restricted discharge lines impede the smooth flow of compressed air. Address and remove any restrictions in the discharge lines. (c) The unloader in an air compressor serves the purpose of allowing the compressor to start with little to no load. During automatic operation, two methods are used for unloading: Starting: The unloader vents both Low-Pressure (LP) and High-Pressure (HP) chambers to the atmosphere. Operated by a solenoid valve, allowing the compressor to start with low load. stopping: After the air compressor stops, the unloader continues to vent both chambers momentarily. This gradual release of pressure helps the compressor motor start on a low load during the next cycle. The unloader closes after a brief period, and the compressor resumes normal pumping. Admin @admin N Want to improve the Answer ? Scanned with OKEN Scanner Gor @ & & 89% 7:12PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q7 Q7 (a) Using a line diagram, show the arrangement of ‘emergency bilge suction’ for a general cargo ship. (8) (b) State the purpose of ‘bilge injection’ valve and to which pump or pumps it is connected? Give reasons. (4) (c) State requirements with respect to the diameter of bilge injection valve and main sea suction valve on sea chest. (4) Bilge, OWS & ORB 10 marks. Nov 2023 12 days ago Bilge Injection is a valve that enables the engine room bilges to be pumped out directly overboard in the event of an emergency such as flooding. The valve is normally fitted to the end of a branch connection with the main sea water suction line. This enables large main seawater cooling pumps to be used as a bilge pump in an emergency. Emergencies like fire and flooding involve the use of seawater. If there isa fire, seawater is the biggest resource of water available in the sea. Similarly, if it involves flooding of the engine room, cargo spaces or any other place on the ship for that matter; you would again require pumping the sea water out of the ship. In both these cases, you require pumps. Main sea water Emergency bilge injection valve injection valve }+—— D —>} }<— 20/3 >| Strum or 7 Strainer Tank margin plate Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ot @ & F 89% 7:13 PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q7 12 days ago Bilge Injection is a valve that enables the engine room bilges to be pumped out directly overboard in the event of an emergency such as flooding. The valve is normally fitted to the end of a branch connection with the main sea water suction line. This enables large main seawater cooling pumps to be used as a bilge pump in an emergency. Emergencies like fire and flooding involve the use of seawater. If there is a fire, seawater is the biggest resource of water available in the sea. Similarly, if it involves flooding of the engine room, cargo spaces or any other place on the ship for that matter; you would again require pumping the sea water out of the ship. In both these cases, you require pumps. Main sea water Emergency bilge injection valve injection valve To main sea water a pumps ‘Strum or 7 Sainer Tank margin plate There are two valves in close proximity namely main injection valve and bilge injection valve. Both of them have their own independent controls. The diameter of the bilge injection valve is kept nearly 66% of the main valve diameter which draws water directly from the sea through the grid. There is a SOLAS requirement that the diameter of this injection valve is at least 2/3 times Scanned with OKEN Scanner aor @ & 89% 87:13PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / Q7 There are two valves in close proximity namely main injection valve and bilge injection valve. Both of them have their own independent controls. The diameter of the bilge injection valve is kept nearly 66% of the main valve diameter which draws water directly from the sea through the grid. There is a SOLAS requirement that the diameter of this injection valve is at least 2/3 times the main suction, though it can be more also.The spindles of the sea inlet and injection valves shall extend well above the engine-room platform.ence the injection valve is an arrangement where the main sea chest can be bypassed in case of emergency so that instead of the sea, water gets drawn from within the ship itself. There Is a strainer attached to the bilge injection valve and the pump used for this valve is normally the largest seawater pump (or pumps) available in the engine room. Hence this valve is used to suck sea water from one of the lowest points in the engine room. This basically means that when you need to remove a lot of water from the ship, you simply need to open this valve and run the big pump's. Prior to opening up of the bilge injection valve always take approval or permission from the chief engineer of the vessel, Checks and Precautions: Emergency situation can arise anytime (that's why is called emergency) so it would not be a good idea to find out that your valve is stuck due to rust or non-operation. Hence it is a good practice to check for the operation as a matter of routine. + The space near the injection valves should be kept clear of all obstacles since normally one would rush to open the valve in an actual emergency, and hence should be minimal obstacles in the space around the valve, * Not only should the valve be easily approachable and operational, but it also needs to be checked regularly for actual suction and operation. This can be done occasionally by actually running the pump and trying to draw out water from the bilge spaces uses this valve. + The valves should be clearly marked since people do get confused in emergency situations and you certainly don't want to be opening some wrong valve at such a critical time or 92 Want to improve the Answer ? N Scanned with OKEN Scanner HOt @ & © 89%M7:13 PM < Question MEKG / Nov 2023 / 98 Q8 (a) Define ‘centrifugal pump! and where it is used on ships? Using a simple line diagram show a circuit which includes a centrifugal pump. Explain the meaning of ‘suction lift! (6) (b) Sketch and describe the construction of a centrifugal pump, labelling its parts. What isa ‘lantern ring ‘and why is it fitted? (10) Pumps & system 10 marks. Nov 2023 21 Dec 2023 10 days ago (a) A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device that uses centrifugal force to move fluid through a piping system. It has a spinning impeller that draws fluid into the pump and forces it out at an increased velocity using the principle of forced vortex flow. It is used in various ship board systems as * Cooling sea water pumps * Cooling fresh water pumps * Fire and GS pump + Ballast pump * HT & LT pumps + FW pump + Hot water circulating pump, ete ‘To Accommodation * Pressure Switch 7 , To Hot Water
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