WEEK 7 NOLI ME TANGERE CONTROVERSY

FIRST HOMECOMING TO SIDE TRIP TO  Rizal received a summons from

THE USA Governor-General Emilio Terrero
regarding the novel which has become a
 August 1887- Rizal decided to return to
hot issue.
the Philippines.
 He went to Malacañang to answer any
 Left Rome by train for Marseilles.
question surrounding his novel.
 Boarded the Djemnah bound to Saigon.
 He denied that he was a spy from
 July 30, 1887- arrived in Saigon, where he
Germany.
transferred to the steamer Haifong.
 He explained that he was only expressing
 August 6, 1887 - Rizal arrived in Manila.
the truth of what is going on in society in
 Noticed that Manila has not changed that
his novel.
much.
 The Governor was satisfied with his
 August 1887 - he reached Calamba, where
answer and asked for a copy of the novel,
there was a dramatic meeting.
since he had not read the novel himself.
 He turned the ground floor of their house
 Rizal’s enemies kept doing everything to
into a medical clinic.
persecute him.
 His first patient was his mother who could
 They accused the novel to have subversive
hardly see.
ideas against the church and the Spanish
 He successfully restored the eyesight of
government.
his mother which had double cataracts.
 The kind Governor assigned a bodyguard
 The good news spread like wildfire as
for Rizal, to protect him from danger.
many sick people flock to seek medical
 His bodyguard was a young Spanish
help.
Lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade.
 His professional fee was very simple:
 The two became true friends in no time at
all because they have common interests.
o If the patient is poor, a simple
“thank you” is enough. Some
patients gave him vegetables, THE NOLI ME TANGERE GOT BANNED
fruits, chicken, etc.
 The powerful friars put the novel under
o If the patient is rich, he would
strict scrutiny headed by Manila
charge in the European way. Archbishop Msgr. Pedro Payo.
 The people called him Dr. Uleman having  He sent a copy to the UST Fr. Rector
arrived from Germany. Gregorio Echevarria for examination.
 Rizal shared his blessings to his  The latter found the novel heretical,
townmates: impious, and scandalous.
o He built a gymnasium for the  The Governor sent the novel for further
youth to discourage them from assessment to the Permanent Commission
engaging in different forms of on Censorship composed of priests and
gambling. laymen headed by Fr. Salvador Font,
o He wanted them to spend time on Tondo parish priest.
productive activities.  The body found the novel with subversive
 But he failed to see Leonor in his six ideas against the Church and the Spanish
months’ vacation due to the conflicts of his government.
parents and Leonor’s.
  The Commission recommended that the A HONG KONG VISIT
book be banned and have its circulation in
 In Hongkong, he was accompanied by
the islands be totally stopped.
Jose Maria Basa to Macau.
 The move boomeranged because it only
 They had a short trip to Macau, a former
made the Filipinos more curious in reading
Portuguese colony on board the ferry Kiu-
the novel.
Kiang.
 Thus, the novel’s price was exorbitantly
 The two visited Don Juan Francisco
priced.
Lecaros, former Filipino delegate to the
 No arrests were made, thanks to the
Spanish Cortes.
liberal-minded governor.
 Terrero’s former secretary, Jose Sainz de
Varanda, spied on Rizal in the said
RIZAL’S ENEMIES FROM THE CHURCH colonies.
1. Manila Archbishop Msgr. Pedro Payo IMPRESSIONS ABOUT HONG KONG
2. UST Rector Fr. Domingo Echevarria
 Noisy celebration of New Year
3. Fr. Salvador Font- head of the Permanent
 Noisy audience in a theatre and boisterous
Commission on Censorship
music
4. Fr. Jose Rodriguez- who published an
 Marathon lauriat meal
anti-Noli pamphlet entitled “Caiingat
 Dominican friars are the richest investors
Cayo”.
and estate owners.
 The pamphlet stated that “whoever reads
 Catholics owned the most extravagant
the novel commits a mortal sin”.
cemeteries.
 Another attacker of the Noli was Vicente
Barrantes, a Spanish writer who openly UNFORGETTABLE JAPAN
criticized the novel in the Spanish
 After almost three weeks, on board the
newspaper La Esperanza Moderna.
American steamer, Oceanic, he left
Hongkong and sailed to Japan where he
ALLIES OF DR. JOSE RIZAL was invited by Secretary Juan Perez
Caballero to live at the Spanish Legation.
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar- using the pen name
 His instinct told him that it was a bait – a
Dolores Manapat, published a pamphlet
way for the Spanish officials to keep track
entitled “Caiigat Cayo” that refuted and
of his activities.
ridiculed Fr. Rodriguez’ “Caiingat Cayo.”
 And since it was economical to stay at the
 Fr. Francisco Sanchez, Rizal’s beloved
legation and he believed that he had
Ateneo teacher.
nothing to hide, he accepted it.
FILIPINO ENTERTAINERS IN
RIZAL’S SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD
JAPAN
A GLANCE OF EAST ASIA
 While strolling around at a park in Tokyo,
 On February 3, 1888, for the second time, Rizal went to listen to a group of
Rizal sailed to Hongkong as a frustrated performers playing the Western Strauss
being who wanted the utmost reform in his music, a rare occasion in this Oriental
native land. country.
 He left on board the steamship Zafiro.  To his surprise, the musicians started to
 He registered at the Victoria Hotel. talk in Tagalog.
 They were Filipinos and Rizal introduced  His name was Tetcho Suehiro.
himself.  They became friends, having many things
in common.
AN AFFAIR TO REMEMBER
 Suehiro wrote a book entitled “The Deaf
 Rizal was impressed by the scenic Japan Traveler” wherein he mentioned his travel
and had keenly observed the life, customs with Rizal.
and culture of the people.  His novel “Storm Over The Southern
 He had fallen in love not only with the Seas” had a similar plot to Noli.
view but more to its women, particularly
with the 23-year-old Seiko Usui or O-Sei-
ACROSS THE UNITED STATES
San.
 The friendship bloomed to become a  April 28, 1888 – the Belgic docked at San
romance. Francisco, California.
 The relationship became so intimate that  The passengers were not allowed to
Rizal believed that it was the best affair he disembark.
had so far.  They were put under quarantine.
 Rizal was tempted to settle down in Japan  They learned that there were 600 potential
and stay with O-Sei-San but his love for illegal Chinese immigrants to the United
his country was more important than self. States.
 O-Sei-San understood the feeling of Rizal,  Rizal registered himself at the Palace
and so he let him leave her. Hotel where he met the founder of
 O-Sei-San could have probably waited for Stanford University, Mr. Leland Stanford.
Rizal, because since his departure in 1888,
IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA
she only decided to marry in 1897 after
she learned that Rizal had been executed in  The United States have maintained its
1896. natural beauty in spite of the industrial and
technological advancements.
Excerpts of Rizal’s Diary:
 The energy and diligence of the people
 “…O-Sei-San, Sayonara, Sayonara! I have  America is truly a land of great
spent a lovely golden month; I do not opportunities.
know if I can have another one like that in  Racial discrimination between the Whites
all my life. “…Love, money, friendship, and the Blacks
appreciation, honor… these have not been
wanting. “…Your image lives in my
memory; and that I am always thinking of WEEK 8
you… your name lives in the sighs of my
STUDIES IN LONDON, PARIS
lips, your image accompanies and
EXPOSITION, AND LIFE IN BELGIUM
animates all my thoughts…”
 After visiting the United States, Rizal lived
A TOMODACHI
in London from May 1888 to March 1889.
 Tomodachi is a Japanese word meaning He chose this English city to be his new
"friend(s)". home for three reasons:
 Rizal boarded the ship Belgic going to the o (1) to improve his knowledge of
United States. the English language,
 He met a Japanese journalist who was sent o (2) to study and annotate Morga's
to exile for his antigovernment articles. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a
 rare copy of which he heard to be  Rev. Vicente Garcia, an authority of
available in the British Museum Theology from the Manila Cathedral came
o (3) London was a safe place for to the defense of the Noli Me Tangere
him to carry on his fight against against the attacks of the friars.
Spanish tyranny
SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS
 May 24, 1888 – Rizal arrived at Liverpool,
England from a tiring trip across the  Knowledge of the country’s history was an
Atlantic Ocean essential tool needed by Rizal to
 He moved to London the next day. effectively campaign for people’s honor
 He stayed in the house of Dr. Antonio Ma. and pride.
Regidor  He engaged in extensive research about
 DR. ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR – an the Philippines at the British Museum
1872 exile due to Cavite Mutiny and a  He copied and annotated the 1609 edition
lawyer in London of Antonio de Morga’s “Sucesos de las
 Then Jose Rizal boarded at the home of Islas Filipinas”.
the Beckett’s at Primrose Hill.
ANTONIO DE MORGA
 The Beckett family had three daughters,
the eldest was Gertrude or Gettie who  A 17th century Spanish official and
had an affection for Rizal. historian in the Philippines.
 The Beckett home was conveniently  His historical accounts were considered as
located a walking distance to the British one of the most objective during the
Museum where he intended to have some Spanish period.
studies.  His book contained accounts of two of the
 He met Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of earliest writings of pre-colonial
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Philippines.
British Museum.  Rizal had been always wanted to write
 He was a notable authority on Malayan about the previous history of the Filipinos
culture. to study their culture.
 They became friends as they shared  However, while on the British library he
common sentiments on the Malayan race. found the “Sucesos De Las Islas
Filipinas”.
A LETTER FROM HOME
 After reading the book, Rizal have decided
BAD NEWS to just annotate its contents as he saw that
Antonio De Morga’s work was fair and
 Persecution of Filipino farmers who signed
reliable about the views on Filipino
the Anti-Friar Petition of 1888 led by
culture, so he preferred using it. Not only
Doroteo Cortez.
as a reference but as a main material of his
 The Calamba tenants being persecuted by
work.
the Dominican management, including the
Rizal family. HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS
 Manuel Hidalgo (Saturnina’s husband)
 ANTONIO PIGAFETTA – Chronicler of
was exiled to Bohol.
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition
 Laureano Viado, a UST medical student
 GASPAR DE SAN AGUSTIN – Served
and friend of Rizal was jailed for having a
during Governor Miguel Lopez de
copy of the Noli.
Legaspi’s Administration
GOOD NEWS
Their writings described the early life and industry live. Here he met Gertrude Beckett or
of the Filipinos that proved the following points: Gettie.
 Rizal decided to leave London to see the
1. That the early Filipinos were engaged in
Paris Universal Exposition.
trade with other Asian neighbors.
2. That the dominant religion in Manila, the
Visayas and Mindanao was Islam.
3. There was already an organized political
government in the country called barangay THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889
headed by a rajah or a datu.
 Paris was bursting with excitement in
 Rizal also noted that a Chinese chronicle
preparation for the Universal Exposition of
of the 12ᵗʰ century mentioned that the
1889.
people of Luzon were honest and
 Tourists from all parts of the world moved
hardworking.
to the city.
ANNOTATION OF MORGAS “SUCESOS DE  Rizal arrived here via train together with
LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS” AND OTHERS other passengers speaking various
languages.
 Rizal wanted to write a history to disprove
 Inns, hotels and boarding houses were all
the allegation of the friars that our
filled and fully booked for the event.
ancestors were savage and uncivilized
 Their rates grew sky high.
people.
 In Paris, he continued his research at the
 He knew that such statements were a
Biblioteque Nationale to check on Morga’s
product of bigot views of a race who are
book.
proud of their heritage.
 He also spent time with his friends; and
 He also wrote many articles for the La
visited the Boustead family at Rue de
Solidaridad to counter the attacks of Fr.
Bassins.
Rodriguez on the Noli, generally entitled
 While in Paris, Rizal also attended the
“Cuestiones de Sumo Interes”.
inauguration of the Eiffel tower that was
 Wrote a pamphlet entitled “La Vision del
headed by French President Marie
Fray Rodriguez” using the penname
François Sadi Carnot.
“Dimasalang.”
 The tower was built by Alexandre Gustave
 This satire was written to ridicule the
Eiffel and was constructed at the
standpoint of Fr. Rodriguez on the
beginning of 1887 to 1889.
immorality of the Noli Me Tangere
 Also wrote “To the Women of Malolos” in THE KIDLAT CLUB
which he encouraged the women to pursue
 Rizal organized a social group with his
their education and not merely blind
fellow Filipinos in Paris by the end of
followers of the friars.
March 1889, he called it the Kidlat Club.
 He contributed articles to the Trubners
 It was a temporary society to simply unite
Record, related to Asian Studies such as
the Filipinos here in Paris during the
the “Two Eastern Fables” and “Specimens
International Exposition.
of Tagala Folklore”.
 While touring the exposition, Rizal and
AN UNSOLICITED ATTENTION Juan Luna attended the American Buffalo
Bill’s Wild West Show.
 While in London, Rizal resided on
Primrose Hill where the Beckett Family
  The show featured the proud, powerful and  He gave Valentin Ventura a sculpture
brave Indians headed by Sitting Bull, a “The triumph of Science over Death” (The
former Indian Chief. naked woman).
 Realizing that the Indians are proud and
EL FILIBUSTERISMO (THE REIGN OF
brave, Rizal and Luna decided to rename
GREED)
the Kidlat Club and adapt the name
“Indios Bravos” as Filipinos was also  Noli Me Tangere, exposed the cancer
referred as “Indios” by the Spaniards. present in the society by presenting the
 Jose Rizal, Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo condition of the country under the Spanish
joined a painting competition. Felix oppressive rule.
Hidalgo won the first prize while Luna  While the El Fili is a call for a revolution,
won the second prize. the last resort and ultimate solution against
Spanish oppression.
WHITE CHRISTMAS IN PARIS
IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
 December 25, 1889, was a cold winter in
Paris.  Wrote several chapters of the novel El
 Rizal and Jose Alberto planned to have a Filibusterismo
delightful Yuletide dinner.  Wrote articles sent to the La Solidaridad
 They had fried chicken, rice, and  Sent letters to family and friends.
vegetables.  Spent part time working in a medical
 Shortly after New Year, Rizal went to clinic.
London, then back to Paris again.  Had gymnastics, target practice and
 On January 28, he went to Brussels, fencing.
Belgium on the reason that he can’t stay in
LA SOLIDARIDAD
Paris any longer for it was too expensive.
 A fortnightly newspaper that serves as the
BETTER IN BRUSSELS
official voice of the Propagandists,
In Brussels, Belgium founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena.
 Heralded the demand of the illustrados to
 Lifestyle was more affordable.
push for reforms in the Philippines.
 Beautiful
 Architecturally impressive Editor-in-Chief of La Solidaridad
Rizal boarded at the Jacoby residence  1st - Graciano Lopez Jaena
 2nd - Marcelo H. Del Pilar - succeeded
 Owned by Suzanne and Catherine
Jaena
Jacoby
 3rd - Dr. Jose Rizal
 They had a 17-year-old niece named
Suzanne Thill Contributors of La Solidaridad
 They were delighted with Rizal’ presence.
 Mariano Ponce
 Rizal and Suzanne spent a lot of time
 Eduardo De Lete
together.
 Jose Maria Panganiban
 Affectionate sentiments were developed
between the two, but Rizal didn’t pursue AIMS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
whatever he feels towards Suzanne.
 Representation of the Philippines in the
 While in Brussels, Rizal spent most of his
Spanish Cortes, the Spanish parliament.
time trying to finish El Filibusterismo, the
 Secularization of the clergy.
sequel of Noli Me Tangere.
  Legalization of Spanish and Filipino  “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude) - article was
equality. the hero’s reply to Governor General
 Creation of a public school system Weyler who told the people in Calamba
independent of the friars. that they “should not allow themselves to
 Abolition of the polo (labor service) and be deceived by the vain promises of their
vandala (forced sale of local products to ungrateful sons.
the government).  “Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la
 Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Lengua Tagala” (On the New
association. Orthography of the Tagalog Language)
 Equal opportunity for Filipinos and  “Cosas de Filipinas” (Things About the
Spanish to enter government service. Philippines)
 Recognition of the Philippines as a  “Sobre la Indolencia delos Filipinos”
province of Spain. (On the Indolence of the Filipinos) - an
 Secularization of Philippine parishes. essay that rationally countered the
 Recognition of human rights. accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos
were indolent (lazy) during the Spanish
RIZAL’S ARTICLES AT LA SOLIDARIDAD
reign
 “Los Agricultores Filipinos” (The  “A la Defensa” (To La Defensa) - This
Filipino Farmers) described the deplorable was in response to the anti-Filipino writing
farmers’ conditions. by Patricio de la Escosura published by La
 “La Verdad Para Todos” (Truth for All) - Defensa on March 30, 1889, issue.
An article written to oppose insulting  “Crueldad” (Cruelty) - written to defend
discussion of the Spaniards to the native his friend Blumentritt from defamatory
Filipinos. insulting attacks of the latter’s enemy.
 “Una Profanacion” (A Desecration) -
attack against friars’ refusal to bury
Mariano Herbosa in a Catholic cemetery. WEEK 10
 “Diferencias” (Differences) - an article
FOUNDING OF THE LA LIGA FILIPINA
countered the biased article entitled.
AND DAPITAN EXILE
 “Old Truths” which was printed in La
Patria on August 14, 1889  July 3, 1892 – after his interview with
 “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años” (The Gov. Despujol, Rizal together with some
Philippines A Century Hence) - Rizal patriots had a meeting at the home of
estimated the future of the Philippines in Doroteo Ongjungco, a Chinese-Filipino
the span of a hundred years and foretold mestizo, on Ilaya St., Tondo, Manila.
the catastrophic end of Spanish rule in  Here, Rizal introduced the Liga Filipina, a
Asia. He ‘prophesied’ Filipinos’ revolution civic league of Filipinos.
against Spain, winning their independence,
ATTENDEES OF THE MEETING:
but later the Americans would come as the
new colonizer.The essay also talked about  Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) –
the glorious past of the Philippines, a mason and a school teacher.
recounted the deterioration of the  Domingo Franco (Felipe Real) a mason
economy, and exposed the causes of and a shoe keeper
natives’ sufferings under the cruel Spanish  Jose A. Ramos (Socorro) – an engraver,
rule. printer and owner of Bazar Gran Bretana
 “Sin Nombre” (No Name)
  Ambrosio Salvador – Gobernadorcillo of Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)
Quiapo, a mason Governing Body of the La Liga Filipina:
 Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem) – a dentist
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL: the
and mason
governing body which has control over the
 Deodato Arellano – brother-in-law of MH
whole country.
Del Pilar and a civilian employee of the
 It is composed of the president, secretary,
army
treasurer and fiscal.
 Ambrosio Flores (Musa) – a retired
 PROVINCIAL COUNCIL: formed in
lieutenant of infantry
every province.
 Agustin de la Rosa – bookkeeper and
 The Provincial Council shall have
mason
command of the Popular Chiefs.
 Luis Villareal – a tailor and mason
 POPULAR COUNCIL: formed in every
 Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw) – a pharmacist
town.
and mason
 The Popular Council only shall have
 Mariano Crisostomo – a landlord
command of the members.
 Numeriano Adriano (Ipil) – a notary
public and mason DUTIES OF THE LIGA MEMBERS:
 Estanislao Legaspi – an artisan and
1. Pay monthly dues of ten centavos.
mason
2. Obey blindly and promptly every order
 Teodoro Plata – a court clerk and mason
emanating from the Council or the Chief.
 Andres Bonifacio – a warehouse
3. Inform the Council of whatever they note
employee
or hear that has reference to the Liga
 Apolinario Mabini (Katabay) – a lawyer
Filipina.
and mason
4. Preserve the most absolute secrecy in
 Juan Zulueta – a playwright, poet, and
regard to the decisions of the Council.
government employee
5. Help another member in case of need or
THE ELECTED OFFICERS: danger.
6. Each member shall adopt a new name of
 President: Ambrosio Salvador
his own choice.
 Secretary: Deodato Arellano
7. Each member shall adopt a new name of
 Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
his own choice.
 Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
8. Treat everyone with respect.
AIMS OF LA LIGA FILIPINA:
RIZAL’S ARREST AND BANISHMENT
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one
 July 6, 1892- when Rizal went to
compact, vigorous, and homogenous body
Malacañang to resume his interviews with
2. Mutual protection in every want and
the Gov. Despujol, the latter showed him
necessity
several printed leaflets allegedly
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
discovered under the pillow of his sister
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture,
Lucia.
and commerce
 These were entitled “Pobres Frailes” (Poor
5. Study and application of reforms
Friars) which bore the name of the author
P. Jacinto.
 A satire exposing the fabulous wealth of
the friar’s contrary to the vows of poverty.
  Rizal refused to abide with the conditions
set by the Jesuit Society.
 He preferred to stay at the Casa Real, the
REASONS FOR RIZAL’S DEPORTATION official residence of the commandant,
Capt. Carnicero, his warden.
 Rizal published books and articles abroad
 A new friendship developed between
which showed disloyalty to Spain which
them.
were anti-Catholic and anti-friar.
 The relations between Carnicero (the
 Found bundles of incriminatory leaflets
warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were
which satirized the friars.
warm and friendly.
 Published and dedicated his novel El
 Carnicero realized that Rizal was not a
Filibusterismo to the three martyred
common felon, nor a filibuster.
“traitors”.
 He gave good reports on his prisoner to
 Between July 14 and 15, 1892- under
Gov. Despujol.
heavy guard, Rizal was brought to the
 He gave him complete freedom to go
steamer CEBU to be brought to Dapitan.
anywhere, reporting only once a week at
 The captain of the ship was Capt. Delgras,
his office.
who upon arrival in Dapitan on July 17,
 Rizal on his part, admired the kind, and
turned him over to Captain Ricardo
generous Spanish Captain.
Carnicero, the Dapitan Commandant.
 He wrote a poem, entitled “A Don Ricardo
 Rizal would stay here until July 31, 1896,
Carnicero”.
a period of four years.
 on August 26, 1892, on the occasion of the
THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) captain's birthday.
 They even shared in buying a Lottery
 Rizal lived as exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga
Ticket No. 9736 that won second prize
del Norte, under the aegis of the Jesuits.
worth P20,000 which was divided between
 He was abundantly fruitful with varied
the 3 of them: Capt. Carnicero, Jose Rizal
achievements:
and Francisco Equilor.
– Practiced medicine.
 They divided the prize and got P6,200
– Pursued scientific studies.
each. Rizal gave P2,000 to Jose Ma. Basa
– Kept his literary works. in Hongkong, the rest was used to buy
– Enhanced linguistic acumen. farmlands in Talisay, Dapitan.
– Established a school for boys.
– Promoted community development BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN
projects.  Right after Rizal was deported to Dapitan,
– Invented a brickmaking machine. the Liga members had a meeting to discuss
– Engaged in farming and commerce. the future of the organization.
 Conditions for him to stay at the Parish
The group of patriots was divided into two
Convent:
factions:
– Publicly retract errors committed
vs. the Church and the government.  The Los Compromisarios – those who
– Perform church rites and make are conservative members of the La Liga
general confessions. Filipina and still willing to demand
– Conduct himself as a model reforms and compromise with the Spanish
Christian and man. government.

FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO

  The Separatists – patriots who wanted to  Lardet bought logs from Rizal.
launch an armed rebellion to achieve  Found some of the logs to be of
independence from the colonizers. poor quality.
 On July 7, 1891, the Katipunan was  Accused Rizal as a cheater.
founded on Azcarraga St. (C.M. Recto) in  Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda, a
the house of Deodato Arellano. Dapitan merchant expressing disgust over
the business deal he had with Rizal.
Founders of KKK were:
 Miranda sent the letter to Rizal.
 Andres Bonifacio  Rizal confronted Lardet and challenged
 Teodoro Plata him to a duel.
 Ladislao Diwa  The Frenchman asked for an apology.

RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK”

 Fr. Pablo Pastells sent Rizal a book Sarda  Fr. Pastells instructed two Jesuit fathers to
advising the latter to refrain from being proceed to Mindanao on a mission “Win
proud and too judgmental. Rizal Back to the Catholic fold”.
 Rizal’s letters revealed his anti-Catholic o Fr. Obach, Dapitan parish priest
ideas caused by the abuses committed o Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Dipolog parish
against his family and people. priest
 He criticized the friars for using their  Fr. Francisco Sanchez was also assigned to
religious authority to oppress and abuse proceed to Dapitan.
other people.  Fr. Sanchez was chosen by the Jesuit
 He said that individual judgment is a gift superiors being a well-liked professor of
from God, and everyone should use it to Rizal.
light his way; that self-esteem if used  He wasn’t able to persuade Rizal.
moderately, saves man from unworthy  He respected whatever Rizal believed in
acts.  Rizal gave Fr. Sanchez a manuscript
 He further argued that pursuit of truth has “Estudios Sobre la Lengua Tagala” on the
different paths, thus, religions may vary, latter’s birthday.
but they all lead to the light.
 Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal to the DAPITAN MEDICAL PRACTICE
fold of Catholicism.  Dr. Jose Rizal treated both the rich and the
 He admonished Rizal that divine faith poor patients coming from everywhere.
supersedes everything: reason, self-esteem  He treated the poor free of charge while
and individual judgment. the rich are asked payments for
 No matter how intelligent a man is, his consultation and medicine.
intelligence is limited; he still needs God’s  His name became famous here and abroad.
guidance.
 He failed to convince Rizal. RIZAL’S COMMUNITY PROJECTS

AN ABORTED DUEL  Developed the Dapitan Municipal Park

o Clean and green
 Juan Lardet, a French businessman who o Beautification
was a personal acquaintance of Rizal had a o A Relief Map
quarrel that almost ended up in a duel.  Equipped the town with a lighting system
Reasons: using coconut oil.
  Constructed the first water system using A BEAUTIFUL STRANGER
bamboo pipelines.
 In his darkest moments in Dapitan, an 18-
year-old Irish girl arrived in Dapitan.
 She’s Josephine Bracken, whose mother
died in childbirth.
RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND SCIENTIST  She is adopted by Mr. George Taufer,
who later became blind.
 Rizal believed in the power of education in
 The two came to the Philippines to have
human transformation.
Mr. Taufer’s eyes be cured.
 In 1893, he established a school for boys
for free. DAPITAN WRITINGS
 He also engaged in scientific research:
 “Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to the Talisay
collecting various species of plant and
Tree) – a hymn/poem written in tribute to a
animal life which he sent to his friends
tree to which a town was named after,
abroad.
where Rizal often stayed.
 Draco rizali, a small lizard popularly
 Rizal and his students have always used
known as a flying dragon.
the talisay tree as a meeting place.
 Apogonia rizali, a rare kind of beetle
 In gratitude, the students would always
 Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog
sing the hymn.
species.
 “Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) –depicts Rizal’s
RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND SCULPTOR life as an exile in Dapitan.
 “Canto del Viajero” (Song of the
 As an inventor, Rizal made a lighter that
Traveler) – a poem celebrating his
ignites through stones, and a brick maker
renewed opportunity to travel abroad and
machine.
the end of his exile in Dapitan.
 A lighter called "sulpakan" which he gave
to a friend as a birthday gift.
 As an artist, he carved a number of
sculptures:
o The Mother’s Revenge” a tribute to
his dog Syria, whose child was
killed by a crocodile.
o “The Dapitan Girl”
o Josephine’s Image
o Busts of Fr. Guerrico and St. Paul

PERIOD OF PAIN
Unhappy Days in Dapitan:
 He missed his family; until his mother,
three sisters and nephews arrived and
stayed with him.
 He was sad because of the plight of his
family, the country and the people.
 He had no opportunity to see Leonor when
she died in August 1893