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14 views10 pages

151ch4 7-9

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c2thet.5
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4.

7 Optimization Problems
Finding extreme values of functions is useful in applications.
When dealing with a max/min problem, recognize what you are trying to maximize/minimize, write this
quantity in terms of only ONE variable, and use calculus to find the max/min value of this function. You
must show that your answer is a max or min.
Example 1: A rectangular storage container with an open top is being built to where the length of the
base is three times the width. If there are 240 square feet of material available, find the dimensions of the
container that will give the largest volume.

1
Example 2: A box with a square base and an open top is being constructed to have a volume of 540 m3 .
The material for the base costs $5 per square meter and the material for the sides costs $2 per square meter.
Find the dimensions of the box that will minimize cost of materials.

2
Example 3: A poster is to have a total area of 180 in2 consisting of a printed area with a 1-inch border at
the bottom and sides and a 2-inch border at the top. What dimensions of the whole poster will give the
largest printed area? What is the largest printed area?

3
Example 4: Find the point on the line y = 5x + 2 that is closest to the point (4, 1).

4
Example 5: Find the dimensions of the largest rectangle that has its base on the x-axis and its other two
vertices above the x-axis lying on the function f (x) = 11 − x4 .

5
Example 6: Find the area of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed inside a triangle with legs of length
10 in and 12 in, if the two sides of the rectangle lie along the legs of the triangle.

6
4.9 Antiderivatives
Given a function, you are able to take its derivative. But now, we will talk about how to find the original
function given its derivative.
Definition: A function F is called an antiderivative of f f F 0 (x) = f (x).
Find an antiderivative of f (x) = 3x2 . How many are there?

If F is an antiderivative of f , then the most general antiderivative of f is F (x) + C, where C is an arbitrary


constant.
What is the general antiderivative of f (x) = xn if n 6= −1?
Table of Some Antiderivatives:

Function General Antiderivative Function General Antiderivative


1
a (a constant) ax + C √ arcsin x + C
1 − x2
xn+1 1
xn , n 6= −1 +C arctan x + C
n+1 1 + x2
1
x ln |x| + C sin x − cos x + C
ex ex + C cos x sin x + C
ax
ax +C sec2 x tan x + C
ln a
sec x tan x sec x + C
csc x cot x − csc x + C
csc2 x − cot x + C
√ √
3 9
Find the most general antiderivative of f (x) = 7x5 + x + 2 cos x + x7 + .
1 + x2

1
Find f (x) given that f 0 (x) = √ − sin x + 3 + sec2 x + ex and f (0) = −8
1 − x2

7
2 6 3
Find f (x) given that f 0 (x) = 10 − − + and f (1) = 7.
x3 x2 x

√
x2 + x + 1
Find f (x) given that f 00 (x) = √ and where f 0 (1) = 2 and f (0) = −1.
x

1
Find f (x) given that f 00 (x) = √ where f (1) = 4 and f (4) = 12.
4x x

8
Application: Given the acceleration function a(t) and initial conditions, we can find both the velocity and
position functions by taking antiderivatives.
Example: An object is thrown upward with a speed of 5 m/s from a 400 m observation tower. Find the
distance of the stone above the ground at time t. At what time t does the stone hit the ground, and with
what velocity?
Fact: Ignoring air resistance, the acceleration due to gravity is −9.8 m/s2 (or −32 ft/s2 ).

A car is traveling at 10 ft/s when the accelerator is pressed, producing a constant acceleration of 30 ft/s2 .
How far does the car travel before reaching a speed of 80 ft/s?

9
We can also deal with antiderivatives of vector functions in the same way.
Suppose a(t) = (3 cos t)i + (5t + 1)2 j. Find the position vector function r(t) given that v(0) = −4j and
r(0) = 3i + j.

10

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