Unit 8

Organization in Society (Explain the Context,

Content
Processes and Consequences of Socialization)

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

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LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be

able to do the following:
● Describe the organized nature of social life and rules
governing behavior.
● Compare different social forms of social organization
according to their manifest and latent functions.

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VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:

● Practice self-reflection and self-evaluation.

● Develop courage in asking questions about themselves.
● Uphold democratic principles and practices.

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UNIT STIMULUS

Who do you believe influences

your behavior the most and why? 4
CENTRAL QUESTION

What is the significance of

belonging to a social group?

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Lesson 1
Social Organizations: Groups Within
Society (Primary and Secondary)

Unit 8| Organization in Society

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

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Social Organizations

Socialization is learning on how

our society and specific
communities, or Socialization focuses on the following.
groups works so we can be a part 1. Acquisition of Knowledge
of them. It’s a process of working 2. Language
together in 3. Values
developing responsibility in our 4. Habits
community. 5. Skill in the Society

Socialization is a central process

in social life.
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Social Organizations

Social organizations refer to

the pattern of individual and
group relations resulting from
social interactions.

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Social Group

two or more people who share

enduring interaction and
relationship resulting in
similarities in values, beliefs,
lifestyle, and attitudes

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The commonality established in
social groups makes members
feel a sense of belongingness.

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Not Considered a Social Group

Aggregate Category

CATHOLICS

Quasigroup that possesses Assembly or gathering of people with

physical proximity but does not common traits and interests. Does not
have enduring social interaction. need to be physically together or have
interactions. 11
Primary Groups

1. Primary Socialization -
occurs early in a child’s
lifestyle and is primarily due to
have an impact directly from
the family and close friends.

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Primary Groups

● small social groups

● personal and lasting
relationships
● tightly integrated groups
with more commonalities
● high sense of group
identity, loyalty, and
emotional ties

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The concept of primary groups was
introduced by sociologist Charles
Horton Cooley. He believed that
these groups mold individuals into
who they are and prepare them for
society.

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Secondary Groups

2. Secondary Socialization -
occurs when a person learns
on appropriate behavior to be
displayed within a smaller
group which still part of a
larger society.

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Secondary Groups

● large membership
● impersonal relationships
● no sense of group identity
● exist to accomplish goals
or objectives

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 Primary Group Secondary Group
personal, intimate, impersonal, less
long-term, high sense intimate, short-term,
of group identity, low sense of group
smaller identity, larger

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Where Do I Belong?
 Where Do I Belong?

1. How can your social groups influence your development as a

social being?

1. What facilitates the sense of belongingness between

members of social groups?

1. How can we compare primary social groups to secondary

social groups?
PERSPECTIVE-AT-WORK

Do you consider other’s

perspective of you in how you
view yourself? How does social
media contribute to this
formation of self-identity?

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Group Classification

In-Group Out-Group

A social group that a person A social group a person

identifies with and feels like does not identify with and
he or she belongs to. does not belong to the in-
group.
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In-Group

In-group members are loyal

to each other and believe
they are superior than out-
group members.

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In-Group Favoritism

People tend to favor the members

of the group they identify with and
probably have stereotypes and
prejudices about nonmembers.

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Power

When a large in-group has power,

it has the ability to influence how
society views out-group
members.

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Intergroup Aggression

When a powerful group

does acts that intend to
harm out-group members,
it results in intergroup
aggression.

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Social Comparison Theory

Humans are naturally motivated to have

an accurate evaluation of themselves.
Without an objective means to do this,
they use their groups as reference.

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Reference Group

a group to which one

compares himself or
herself to evaluate one's
attitude, beliefs, and
behaviors

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Reference Group

One can change his or her

reference group depending
on the stage of one’s life.

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Anticipatory Socialization

Anticipatory socialization is the

process of changing one's
attitudes and behaviors in
preparation for a shift in one's
role.

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Types of Reference Groups

positive reference negative reference

groups whose norms groups whose norms are

are followed by avoided by individuals
individuals because because they do not want
they want to be a part to be identified with them
of the group

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PHOTO CREDITS
Slide 8: Social groups.jpg by Mr. Mattix is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Slide 9: studentgroup fixed by OpenClipart is licensed under Public Domain via freesvg.org.

Slide 11: The Crowd For DMB 1.jpg by Moses is licensed under CC-BY-2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Slide 13: Charles Horton Cooley.jpg by Lisha prona is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Slide 14: Construction workers Bamako, ML wed20jul2016-124h.jpg by RikSchuiling is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

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REFERENCES
Beltran, Michael. 2020. “In the Philippines, a label can take your life.” The Interpreter. December 3, 2020.
https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/philippines-label-can-take-your-life.

Chan, Adrienne. 2022. “What Happened? Revisionism, Clan Politics, and the Philippine Election.” Harvard
International Review. August 17, 2022. https://hir.harvard.edu/what-happened-revisionism-clan-politics-and-
the-philippine-election/.

CNN Philippines Staff. 2021. “Underdevelopment seen in areas with ‘fat’ political dynasties - analyst.” CNN
Philippines. November 10, 2021. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/10/underdevelopment-
areas-fat-political-dynasties.html.

Gavilan, Jodesz. 2022. “Six years of blood and violence: People we lost under Duterte.” Rappler. June 24, 2022.
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/duterte-administration-blood-violence-drug-war-lawyers-activists-
mayors-vice-mayors-killed/.

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REFERENCES
Gonzales, Catherine. 2022. “Robredo is biggest disinformation victim; Marcos gains from ‘misleading’ posts - fact-
checker.” Inquirer.net. February 2, 2022. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1548694/robredo-is-biggest-
disinformation-victim-marcos-benefits-from-misleading-posts-fact-checker.

Lesley University. n.d. “Perception is Reality: The Looking-Glass Self.” Lesley University. Accessed January 5, 2023.
https://lesley.edu/article/perception-is-reality-the-looking-glass-self.

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