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Viscosity

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Neeraj Soni
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49 views2 pages

Viscosity

Uploaded by

Neeraj Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Viscosity

Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which an internal force of friction comes into play when a fluid is
in motion and which opposes the relative motion between its different layers.

The backward dragging force, which is called viscous force or viscous drag, acts tangentially on the
layers of the fluid in motion and tends to destroy its motion.

Cause of viscosity. When a liquid moves in contact with a surface the layer in contact with the fixed
surface is at rest and the velocity of every other layer increases uniformly upwards. The upper fast moving
layer tends to accelerate the lower slow moving layer while the slow moving layer tends to retard the fast
moving layer. As a result, viscous force comes into play.

Consider two layers P and Q at distances x and x + dx from the solid surface and moving with velocities v
and v + dv respectively. Then, the viscous force (F) is

(i) F A
dv
(ii) F
dx

dv
FA
dx

dv
Or F  A
dx

Where  is the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid. It


depends on the nature of liquid.

dv
If A = 1 and  1, then F  
dx

Hence, coefficient of viscosity of a liquid may be defined


as the tangential viscous force required to maintain a
unit velocity gradient between its two parallel layers
each of unit area.

Units of coefficient of viscosity

The cgs unit of  is dyne s cm-2 and is called poise.

The coefficient of viscosity of a liquid is said to be 1 poise if a tangential force of 1 dyne cm-2 of the surface
is required to maintain a relative velocity of 1 cm/s between two layers of the liquid 1 cm apart.
SI unit of  is decapoise or poiseuille which is equal to 1 Nsm-2.

The coefficient of viscosity of a liquid is said to be 1 decapoise if a tangential force of 1 Nm-2 of the surface
is required to maintain a relative velocity of 1 m/s between two layers of the liquid 1 m apart.

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