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Research Format

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29 views4 pages

Research Format

Uploaded by

janellemoralest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BPRx – ACCOUNTING RESEARCH METHOD

RESEARCH FORMAT

PRELIMINARY PAGES
Title Page
Signature Page
Certification of Proof-reading
Copyright Statement
Acknowledgements and Dedications
Abstract and Keywords
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework (if necessary)
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses (If necessary)
Significance of the Study
Definition of Keywords

CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Locale and Sampling Procedures
Scope and Delimitation
Research Instrument
Data Gathering Procedures
Data Management and Analysis
Ethical Considerations (if necessary)

CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Conclusions
Recommendations

REFERENCE MATERIALS
Bibliography
Appendices

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BPRx – ACCOUNTING RESEARCH METHOD

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Rationale
A rationale should not be more than two pages. The first paragraph should be strong enough to arouse
interest and cause an impact. Through summarizing the current understanding and pieces of evidence
about the subject, the rationale institutes the scope, context and significance of the subject being studied
(USC-Libraries, 2016.). The last paragraph should be convincing enough to justify the conduct of the study.
This can be done by citing how the findings of the study will contribute to the existing knowledge (Agustin,
2012).

Literature Review
Observe coherence when writing a literature review present it following a certain structure like from
global to local. There must be a smooth transition between the paragraphs and logical sequencing of the
ideas. Do not jump from one topic to another. Organize the review thematically and develop themes
according to the research variables/questions and their perceived relationship. The review should
culminate with a synthesis (Agustin, 2012). For thesis, 30 to 40 references (5 to 7 pages) and for
dissertation 40 to 50 sources (7 to 9 pages). The sources should be 10 years back.

Theoretical & Conceptual Framework


Theoretical Framework can be viewed as a road map that will lead to the accomplishment of research
objectives/questions. This also orients the readers as to variables included in the study and their perceived
relationship. Theories are general and broad statements of the interplay among variables that can be too
broad to test. In this case, you may draw your conceptual framework from a theory. This requires your
understanding of the theory as well as your skills in contextualizing it to your present study. Remember
that your conceptual framework is the application of a theory or a portion thereof in your present study.
Guided by a theory, you should be discussing the different variables in your study and their perceived
relationship (Agustin, 2012).

Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses (If necessary)


Statement of the problems are questions that the study seeks to answer. These are presented generally
and specifically. The general statement refers to the main problem of the study while specific questions
are the sub-problems arising from the general problem. Immediately after the statement of the problem
are the research hypotheses. These are tentative answers to the research problems concerning possible
relationships among your research variables. Hence, only research questions concerning correlation and
difference need hypotheses. Hypotheses are often stated negatively. At the discussion of your results,
your null hypotheses are either accepted or rejected (Agustin, 2012).

Significance of the Study


The significance of the study in research highlights why the research is important and what impact it might
have on the field of study or society at large. It makes a compelling case for why the research matters and
how it will contribute to advancing knowledge or solving a practical issue.

Definition of Keywords
Keywords are defined to promote a better understanding of the variables included in the study. As such,
it is better if to define these variables conceptually and operationally.

CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Design utilized in the paper such as experimental, correlational, phenomenological, etc., should
be conceptually defined and described how it was used in the study (Subia, 2012).

Research Locale and Sampling Procedures


Discussed in this section are the respondents and where they come from. Also explained are the factors
considered in selecting them (e.g. objectives of your study, availability of data, and variables to be
measured). Moreover, you need to identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria that stipulate the exact
characteristics that must be met for a participant to be included in your study as well as the exact
characteristics that would exclude a member of the population (Agustin, 2012).

Scope and Delimitation

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BPRx – ACCOUNTING RESEARCH METHOD

This defines the boundaries of the research by identifying what will and will not be covered by your
investigation. You should identify the main objective of the study and cite the main variables included.
The period of the conduct of the study and the respondents included should also be cited.

Research Instrument
In this part, the researcher will enumerate and explain the different tools employed in gathering data (e.g.
questionnaire, interview guide, and/or checklist). There are instances that standardized instruments are
used. In this case, the researcher just needs to describe such an instrument, its contents, and its
applicability to the study. In most cases, the researcher needs to develop his/her instrument that will suit
the research objectives/statement of the problem (Agustin, 2012).

Data Gathering Procedures


In this subsection, the researcher has to discuss the step-by-step procedure adopted in gathering the data.
From securing a permit from proper authorities to distribution and retrieval of a questionnaire, interview
schedule, and other procedures employed (Agustin, 2012).

Data Management &Analysis


Written in this part are the data analysis tools used in treating the gathered data per research
objective/SOP (e.g. frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's r, Spearman's rho, t-test, etc., for quantitative
research designs and content analysis, thematic analysis, discourse analysis, etc., for qualitative research
designs) (Subia, 2018).

Ethical Considerations (for qualitative research involving participants)


The ethical considerations the researcher must include in the study are the following: 1. informed consent,
2. privacy and confidentiality, 3. protection from harm, 4. risks and benefits, 5. data protection, and 6.
Deception (Subia, 2018).

CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Present the data
Avoid table reading when presenting data. First-time writers often commit the mistake of presenting
textually all the data in their tables. It should only highlight the three important figures in your table: top-
ranked, least ranked, and the overall average.

Analyze the data


Analyze the data because of the results of statistical measures. Quantitative data are analyzed in
mathematical terms while qualitative data (e.g. responses from open-ended items or interview transcript)
are analyzed by (a) identifying patterns or commonalities in responses (b) categorizing them and (3)
drawing out common themes. The implication or meaning of these values is discussed. Hypotheses are
either accepted or rejected in this section.

Interpret the data


The data should be translated into meaningful information. This can be done by drawing the
interconnections among data. This is like putting data together to form a meaningful whole. The
researcher should also be able to provide explanations of findings (e.g. you provide a possible explanation
why the relationship between two variables amounted to significant results).

Discuss the data


Link the present findings with the findings of previous studies. It is in this section that the researcher may
compare how his/her findings affirm or contradict findings of other studies mentioned in the literature
review (Agustin, 2012).

Conclusions
Conclusions are interpretations of the findings and should be supported by the evidence. To distinguish
conclusions from findings, look for statements that interpret or explain the meaning of the findings.
Conclusions should be logical and clearly explained, and should take into account any limitations of the
data or analysis. The conclusion does not simply present the summary of findings it does not answer the
question of what did you find, rather you should be able to answer the question so what if you found that
(Writing Center of University of Carolina, 2012).

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BPRx – ACCOUNTING RESEARCH METHOD

Recommendations
In the light of the findings and conclusions of your study, recommendations are offered. This section is
where you can advance the practical application or utilization of your findings. Your recommendations
should be feasible, workable, and adaptable. They should be written in a suggestive tone. Suggestions for
further research end this section (Agustin, 2012).

REFERENCE MATERIALS
Bibliography
There should be 20 to 25 sources for undergraduate research, 30 to 40 sources for Master’s Thesis and
40 to 50 sources for Dissertation. 80% of the sources from journal research publications (10 to 15%
research from the Philippines and 65% to 70%-from other countries) (10 years back) and 20% from other
sources (i.e. Books, thesis magazines, online sources, etc.)

Appendices
Included here are the questionnaire, permission letters, pictures, other necessary documents used in data
gathering and the CV of the researcher.

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