A

Micro Project on
Calculator

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Diploma of Engineering
in

Computer Engineering
by

18 – Dhanashree Dhanoki 19-

Taher Kachwala
27-Varun Dabholkar
30-Vedangi Jadhav 47-
Jinal Gandhi

under the guidance of

Mrs. Anuja Borkar Department of

Computer Engineering

Summer 2020
 CERTIFICATE

VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VIRAR (W)

2019-20

This is to certify that the micro project entitled “Calculator” has been submitted by Group
Members under the guidance of Mrs.Anuja Borkar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of Diploma of Engineering in Computer Engineering from Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education.

“Calculator”
GROUP MEMBERS
18 – Dhanashree Dhanoki
19-Taher Kachwala
27-Varun Dabholkar
30-Vedangi Jadhav
47-Jinal Gandhi

Project Guide H.O.D

Mrs. Anuja Borkar Prof. Nikhil Asolkar
 INDEX

Sr. No. Name of the topic Page no.

PART –A PLAN

1 Brief Introduction

2 Aim of the Micro-Project

3 Action Plan

4 Resources Required

PART –B
OUTCOMES
1 Brief Description

2 Aim of Micro-Project

3 Course Outcomes Integrated

4 Actual Procedure Followed

5 Actual Resources Used

6 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

7 Skill Developed/ learning out of this Micro-Project

 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

PART-A PLAN

1.0 Brief Introduction

_

Procedure:

Procedure is a block of code that is sequence of instructions which need to be executed several times in the
main program and called whenever required. In this the program control is transferred to the procedure when
call instruction is executed.

After the execution of the procedure program control is again transferred back to the main program.

The assembly directives use for procedure are:

1) Proc

2) Endp

Syntax: - Proc_name:

procedure body

Ret

The procedure is executed using two main instructions: -

3) CALL

4) RET

When we use Procedure the no, of lines of the main program reduces that is the memory required is less.
Extra overhead time is required for linkage between the calling program and the called

program

Which results low speed of execution. RET is required at the end of the procedure.

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

2.0 AIM of Micro-Project

_

Aim of this project is:

 Build the 16 bit calculator that review input and automatically generate output in
less time.
 To do more work in less time and to create flowchart and algorithm for
easier understanding.
 To reduce cost, minimize paperwork and manual task.
 Also,its provide fast and reliable program code with successful output and increases
our interest in programing.

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

3.0 Action Plan

_

S Details Planne Planne Name of Responsible Team Members

d d
r. of Start Finish
N Activity Date Date
o
1 Discuss 02/01/ 09/01/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,
i 2 2
on and 020 020 JinalGandhi,TaherKachwala,VarunDabholkar
finaliza
ti
on of
Topics
2 Prepara 09/01/ 16/01/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,JinalGandhi,T
t 2 2 aherKac
ion and 020 020 hwala,VarunDabholkar
submis
s
ion of
abstrac
t
3 Collecti 16/01/ 23/01/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav, Jinal Gandhi,
o 2 2
n of 020 020 ,VarunDabholkar
Data

4 Formul 23/02/ 30/01/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,Jinal

a 2 2
tion of 020 020 Gandhi,TaherKachwala,VarunDabholkar
content

5 Editing 06/02/ 13/02/ DhanshreeDhanoki ,Jinal Gandhi

2 2
and 020 020
Proof
reading
of
content
6 Compil 13/02/ 20/02/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,JinalGandhi,T
a 2 2 aherKac
tion of 020 020 hwala,VarunDabholkar
project

7 Semina 20/02/ 27/02/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,JinalGandhi,T

r 2 2 aherKac
and 020 020 hwala,VarunDabholkar
Viva-

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

voce

8 Final 27/02/ 05/03/ DhanshreeDhanoki,VedangiJadhav,JinalGandhi,T

2 2 aherKac
submis 020 020 hwala,VarunDabholkar
s
ion of
micro
project

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

4.0 Resources Required

_

Sr. No Name of Resource Specification Qty Remarks

1 Computer 500GB HDD, 1

4 GB RAM,
AMD
processor,
Windows 10
2 Editor MS-DOS EDIT or Notepad 1

3 Assembler Masm 1

4 Linker Tlink 1
5 Debugger Debug orTD 1

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

PART-B OUTCOME

1.0 Brief Description

Advantages and Disadvantages of using procedure:

Advantages:
1) Allows to save memory space.
2) Program development becomes easier.
3) Debugging of errors in program become easy.
4) Reduced size of program
5) Reusability of procedure.

Disadvantages:
1) CALL and RET instructions are always required to integrate with procedures.
2) Requires the extra time to link procedure and return from it.
3) For small group of instructions, linking and returning back time more than the execution time, hence for
small group of instructions procedures cannot be preferred.

Algorithm:

Step. 1: Start
Step. 2: initialize Data Segment
Step. 3: Initialize Variables
Step. 4: Call Procedure BCD_ADD
Step. 5: Add two BCD numbers
Step 6: Store result in AX Register
Step. 7: Return to the Main Program
Step.8:Stop

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

There are two types of calls.

1)Near Call or Intra segment call.

2) Far call or Inter Segment call

Operation for Near Call:

When 8086 executes a near CALL instruction, it decrements the stack pointer by 2 and copies the IP register
contents on to the stack. Then it copies address of first instruction of called procedure. SP <- SP-2

IP-> stores onto stack

IP <- starting address of a procedure.

Operation of FAR CALL:

When 8086 executes a far call, it decrements the stack pointer by 2 and copies the contents of CS register to
the stack. It the decrements the stack pointer by 2 again and copies the content of IP register to the stack.
Finally, it loads s register with base address of segment having procedure and IP with address of first
instruction in procedure.

SP <- sp-2

s contents-> stored on stack

SP <- sp-2

IP contents-> stored on stack

CS <- Base address of segment having procedure

IP <- address of first instruction in procedure.

Operation for FAR procedure: IP register is replaced by address popped off from top of stack, then SP will
be incremented by 2. The CS register is replaced with an address popped off from top

of stack. Again, SP will be incremented by 2.

IP <- Address from top of stack

SP <- SP+2

CS<- Address from top of stack

SP<SP+2

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

2.0 AIM of Micro-Project

Aim of this project is:

1. To build the 16 bit calculator that review input and automatically generate output in less time.
2. To do more work in less time and to create flowchart and algorithm for easier understanding.
3. To reduce cost, minimize paperwork and manual task.
4. Also, its provide fast and reliable program code with successful output and increases
our interest in programing.

VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG. & TECH. COMPUTER ENGG

Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

3.0 Course Outcomes (CO)

d. Develop assembly language program using assembler.

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

4.0 Procedure Followed

1. Firstly, we all gathered the information for BCD addition and Subtraction by using procedure
using microprocessor 8086.
2. Then we took the initiative to finalize the gathered information to perform the progam code
of calculatorof our project.
3. After performing the program we got the suitable output with the successful result.
4. Then we took initiiative of formatting and editing the content of our microprocessor.
5. After editing we took the reviews of our content and finalized the report.
6. Finally, we completedour micro-project by taking hardcopy of report.

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

5.0 Resources Used

Sr. No Name of Specification Qty Remarks

Resource

1 Computer 500GB HDD, 1

4 GB RAM,
AMD processor,
Windows 10
2 Editor MS-DOS EDIT 1
3 Assembler MASM 1
4 Linker Tlink 1
5 Debugger Debug or TD 1

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

Flowchart for BCD Addition

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

Program of Procedure:

DATA SEGMENT

NUMI DB 06

NUM2 DB 05 SUM DW ?

DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS:DATA

START: MOV AX, DATA

MOV DS, AX

CALL BCD ADD

MOV AH, 4CH

INT 21H

BCD ADD PROC

MOV AH,00H MOV AL, NUMI

MOV BL, NUM2 ADD AL, BL

DAA

MOV SUM, AX

RET

BCD ADD ENDP

CODE ENDS

END START

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

Algorithm

1. Load data from offset 500 to register AL (first number)

2. Load data from offset 501 to register BL (second number)
3. Subtract these two numbers (contents of register AL and register BL)
4. Apply DAS instruction (decimal adjust)
5. Store the result (content of register AL) to offset 600
6. Set register AL to 00
7. Add contents of register AL to itself with carry (borrow)
8. Store the result (content of register AL) to offset 601
9. Stop

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

Flowchart of BCD Subtraction using Procedure:

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 Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

Program for BCD Subtraction Using Procedure

DATA SEGMENT

NUMI DB 06

NUM2 DB 05 SUB DW ?

DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS:DATA

START: MOV AX, DATA

MOV DS, AX

CALL BCD SUB

MOV AH, 4CH

INT 21H

BCD SUB PROC

MOV AH,00H MOV AL, NUMI

MOV BL, NUM2 ADD AL, BL

DAS

MOV SUB, AX

RET

BCD SUB ENDP

CODE ENDS

END START

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Calculator MIC, 22415 SEM IV

7.0 Skill Developed

_

Thus,we have studied in brief the program code using microprocessor 8086 which helped us to
develop our skills and interaction with programming.

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