Er. S.K.

SHEVRA
Executive Engineer (Retd.)
Central Railway

Blue Circle Publication, India

i
First Edition 2011
Second Edition 2013-14
Third Edition 2017

© Copyright with the publisher

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form without the written permission of publisher.

Some photographs / Data have been taken from internet

whose sources are not known.
The copyright is duly acknowledged here.

Publisher
Sai Divya.M
Blue Circle Publication
1414, Civil Lines, Station Road
Jhansi 284001
Mobile 7303931694

The book is also available on

9766343687, 9422296949

Printed by
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Price Rs. 500/-

All dispute subject to court of Nasik, (Maharastra)

ISBN 978-93-5126-941-0

ii
 To
Mother & Father
With
Love and Respect

iii
 Hon’able Shri A.P. Mishra, Member Engineering Rly.
Board & Ex-officio secretary to Government of India (In
center) along with Shri A.K. Gupta, Addl. Member-CE
(Right) releasing P-Way Hand Book written by Shri S.K.
Shevra, ADEN C.RLY (Left) in New Delhi on 07-06-2011.

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ix
7 January 2013

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 FOREWORD

The subject of Permanent Way Engineering forms the

core of Railway Civil Engineering. There are only a few books on
the subject, being specific to Railway and fewer still deal with
practical issues of field engineers on Indian Railways. This book
written by Shri S.K. Shevra, ADEN, Central Railway attempts to
fill this gap.

I have perused the contents of this book and find that

Shri S.K. shevra, ADEN has compiled a ready reckonor covering
almost all the aspects relevant to Permanent Way Engineers on
IR. Keeping his language simple, brief and continuously relevant
to the subject, he has compiled extracts of various references,
manuals etc. and also analysed the problems of field Engineers
to provide them practical guidance. It is quite a comprehensive
book which also highlights the measures necessasry for
improving safety and quality of service in day to day work. This
book would also benefit the civil engineers and railway
employees who are appearing for LDCE/LGS and other
departmental examinations.

I am sure that the Railwaymen will benefit from this

book to take the safety & maintenance standards to ever
improving heights.

New Delhi, dated 15-10-10 S.K. Malik

Additional Member (Civil Engineering)
Railway Board

xi
 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

The book entitled P.WAY HAND BOOK has been designed to meet
the requirements on various subject to serve as a ready reference
(compendium) for day to day work problems confront the Railway Civil
Engineers.
The response to earlier edition of this book has been encouraging
because of self authenticity especially there is a constant demand for
this book from all the section of civil engineering officials throughout the
Indian Railways.
A new 30TH chapter PIPE LINE TRACK CROSSING has been
incorporated, also efforts has been made to include all corrections slips
of civil engineering manuals with details of HAND BOOK OF TRACK
MAINTNANCE recently published by IRICEN Pune. My grateful thanks
are due to my numerous officers, colleagues and friends for the
valuable help given me in making available the various details required
for my book
The mistakes, which had crept in, have been eliminated in this
edition. Every care has been taken to check mistake and misprints,
however it is difficult to claim perfection any errors, omission and
suggestions for the improvement of this volume, gratefully
acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition and requested to
send their valuable the same on my email skshevra11@gmail.com if
any, which will be accepted gratefully
I am extremely grateful to Shri S.K. Kulshrestha PCE CR and Shri
M.K.Gupta CAO/C CR CSTM who have encouraged for publication of
this 3rd edition, without his co-operation book was not possible to come
out.
The author expresses his gratitude to his wife Smt Shyama Shevra
Daughter of Shri. Ganesh Prasad and also pay his kind regards to
respected Late Parents Shri Chhakki Lal for their kind blessings. The
book is dedicated to them in their memory and deep respect.

Nasik Road S.K. SHEVRA

13 January 2017 Executive Engineer, (Retired) Central Railway

xii
 Preface to the second edition 2013-14

The object of this book is to present, the subject matter is most

concise, compact, to the point and lucid manner. Because of matter,
which is collected from different 12 Engg. & other manuals.
The response to earlier edition of this book has been encouraging
because of self authenticity specially there is a constant demand for this
book from all the section of civil engineering Railway Officials of Indian
Railways.
The mistakes, which had crept in, have been eliminated in this
edition. Every care has been taken to check mistake and misprints,
however it is difficult to claim perfection any errors, omission and
suggestions for the improvement of this volume, gratefully acknow-
ledged and incorporated in the next edition.
In this edition a new chapter on ‘signal and tele communication’
data’s has been incorporated at the end of existing chapter ‘‘Important
tables’’. Civil engineering official may able to solve the field problem in a
simplest manner.
The author expresses his gratitude to his wife Smt Shyama Shevra
Daughter of Shri. Ganesh Prasad and also pay his kind regards to
respected Late Parents for their kind blessings. The book is dedicated to
them in their memory and deep respect.
The author expresses his gratitude to Shri A.P. Mishra ME Rly Board
and Ex-officio secretary to Government of India . Shri A.K.Gupta AMCE
for giving there valuable time to inaugurated of first edition and also
Shri S.K. Jain GM Central Railway, Shri P.K. Saxena PCE Central Railway,
Shri A.K. Lahoti ED Railway Board New Delhi, Shri M.M. Agarwal Former
CE Northern Railway, Shri Shiv Kumar GM NEF Railway, Shri S.K. Malik
ED IRPWE New Delhi who have blessed my efforts with encouraging
forward. I am also thankful to Shri P.P. Dewadi ZRTI BSL CR, Shri A.K.
Kanchan Sr.DEN /Kolkatta ER, Shri Mansing SSE/P.Way/DLI /NR, Shri
Anil Singh SSE/P.Way/BSB/NER, Shri Aman Pushkar SSE/P.Way/
Alipurdwar/NFR, Shri K. Ponraj SSE/P.Way/MAS/SR, Shri Krishna Reddy
SSE/P.Way/SC/SCR, Shri P.K. Bhadra SSE/P.Way/Khadagpur /SER, Shri
S.K. Shah SSE/P.Way/Mumbai/WR, Shri Anil Prakash Sr.DEN/MGS/ECR,
Shri A.U. Tamankar SSE/P.Way/JHS/NCR, Shri N.K. Agnohitri SSE/
P.Way/JP/NWR, Shri Shrivastav SSE/P.Way/SBC/SWR, Shri Ramdas
DEN/JBP/WCR, Shri R.K. Shahu ADEN /BSP/SECR, Shri Manoj Arora
Professer Track IRICEN/Pune CR.

Kurduwadi S.K. Shevra

13 January 2013 Assistant Divisional Engineer, Central Railway

xiii
 Preface to first edition

An attempt has been made to bring in this P.way Hand-

book an authentic compendium, brief using simple language and
up-to-date for the benefit of civil engineers of Indian railway. There
was a demand from my colleagues for compilation of such hand
book which would not only be useful to LDCE/LGS examination but
also day to day working.

This book has been compiled primarily for the practical

men and should prove a most useful work of reference to the P.Way
engineers of Indian railways, The object of this volume is to give a
fairly complete but concise account of the various subject to serve
as a ready reference for every day work problems constantly con-
front the engineers, whether in the office or in the field without
having to wade through numerous books and notes. My grateful
thanks are due to my numerous colleagues and friends for the
valuable help given me in making available the various details re-
quired for my book.

I am extremely grateful to Shri Rajeshkumar for assiting in

the whole matter to form of book without his co-operation book
was not possible to come out.

Readers are requested to send their valuable suggestions

for improvement and rectification of errors and omissions, if any,
which will be accepted gratefully.

I sincerely hope this P.Way Handbook will serve as a good

guide to all level of P.Way engineers.

I sincerely acknowledge the valuable guidance rendered

to me by Shri M.M Agarwal former Chief Engineer ( Northern Rail-
way) New Delhi in enabling to encourage me for this book.

15 August 2010 S.K. Shevra

Asst. Divisional Engineer
Central Railway /Ahmednagar

xiv
 Acknowledgements

This book has been compiled primarily for the practical

P.Way men. All possible efforts have been made to make the
book comprehensive in handling in any situation, elucidating in
simple and plain language.

My grateful thanks are due to my numerous officers and

staff who were the main inspiration in authoring this book and
making available the various details required for my work during
foundation course and the most valuable help rendered by
IRICEN Pune staff & Shri M.M. Agarwal, former Chief Engineer,
New Delhi for preparing this publication.

Particularly appreciations are expressed to Shri P.K.

Saxena, PCE Central Railway, Shri S.K. Jain CAO/C, Western
Railway Mumbai, Shri B.D. Kumar, CAO/C, SECR Railway
Bilaspur, Shri A.K. Lahoti, Ex. Director Railway Board, New Delhi,
Shri Brijendra Kumar, Ex. Principal ZRTI/BSL and staff Shri P.P.
Dewedi and other many eminent engineers for their assistance
and valuable suggestions.

I shall gratefully appreciate the readers who will kindly

call attention to any errors of omission or give valuable
suggestion for improvement of the book to enhance its
usefulness.

Place: Ahmednagar S.K. SHEVRA

Date: 15.08.2010

xv
 INDEX

Sr.No. Description Page

No
1. Introduction 1-11
1.1 Various gauge in world Railway 1
1.2 Organization of Indian Railway 1
1.2.1 Railway Board 1
1.2.2 Zonal Railway 1
1.3 Centralized Training Institute 3
1.3.1 Training of staff 3
1.3.2 Indian Railways track Machines Training centre. 3
1.4 Construction Organization 3
1.5 Research Designs & standards organization 3
1.5.1 Various organization working under Ministry of Railway’ 4
1.6 Codes and manuals for engineering department 4
1.6.1 Engineering code 4
1.6.2 Indian Railway Permanent way Manual (IRPWM) 5
1.6.3 Indian Railway Bridge Manual 6
1.6.4 Track manual 6
1.6.5 Code of Practice for Flash Butt welding of rails 6
1.6.6 Code of Practice for welding of Rail Joints by Alumino 7
Thermit Process 7
1.6.7 Long welded Rails Manual 7
1.6.8 Manual for reconditioning of Points & Crossings 7
1.6.9 Indian Railways Track Machine Manual 7
1.6.10 Manual for Ultrasonic testing of Rails & Welds 7
1.6.11 Schedule of Dimensions 7
1.6.12 Indian Railway Works Manual 8
1..6.13 Chief Engineer’s circulars 9
1.6.14 General conditions of contract (GCC) 9
1.6.15 Schedule of Rates (SOR) 9
1.6.16 Standard Specifications 9
1.6.17 Compendium of instructions issued by railway board 9
1.7 Organization of engineering department 10
2. Rails 12-15
2.1 Classification of lines 12
2.2 Standard section of rails to be used 13
2.3 Main Dimension of Rails 13
2.4 Quality of Rail 13
2.5 Colour coding of Rails 13
2.6 Rail Closure 14
2.7 Causes of rail deterioration 14
2.8 Various type of fishplates and their usage 14
2.9 Drilling of holes of rails 15
2.10 Dia of Drilling of holes in rails 15
3. Sleeper 16-28
3.1 Main Function of sleepers 16
3.2 Laying of sleepers 16

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3.3 Sleeper Density 16
3.4 Types of Sleeper 16
3.4.1 Description of Wooden Sleepers 17
3.4.2 Cast Iron sleepers 17
3.4.3 Steel trough sleeper 18
3.4.4 Concrete Sleepers & Fastenings 19
3.4.4.1 Dimensional tolerances 20
3.4.4.2 Manufacturing Frequency of testing of PSC Sleepers 20
3.5 Quantity of material for per Set of PSC Turnout 21
3.6 1 in 8½ and 1 in 12 Fan shape Turnout concrete Sleepers 21
3.7 General precautions for PSC Sleeper 23
3.8 Off set of Fan Shaped PSC Turnout 23
3.9 Details of Drawings for Fan Shaped Turnout 23
3.10 Drawing of different type of concrete sleepers 24
3.11 Concrete Sleepers for different location 24
3.12 Design details of concrete sleepers Turnouts 25
3.13 1:8.5 diamond crossing design details (Concrete Sleepers 26
3.14 1:8.5 Scissor crossover design details (PSC 4725mm TC) 26
3.15 Various type of special concrete sleeper 26
3.16 Important datas of Fan shaped layout (60kg) in mm 28
3.17 Ballast requirement for Point & Crossing 28
4. Ballast 29-43
4.1 Important Functions of Ballast 29
4.2 Additional Functions of Ballast 29
4.3 Requirements of Track Ballast 29
4.4 Flakiness Index 30
4.5 Elongation Index 30
4.6 Ballast Fouling 30
4.7 Effects of Fouling 30
4.8 Remedial measures – fouling 30
4.9 Parameters for determination of Standards of Ballast 31
4.10 Mechanical parameters 31
4.11 Chemical parameters 32
4.12 Ballast Profiles/Sections/Depths of Cushion 32
4.13 Assessment of Ballast Requirements 33
4.14 Ballast Profile for LWR Track (Single Line B.G.) 34
4.15 Ballast profile for LWR Track(Single Line M.G.) 35
4.16 Standard ballast profile for B.G(Other than LWR/CWR) 36
4.17 Standard ballast profile for M.G(Other than LWR/CWR) 36
4.18 Standard ballast Profile for N.G (Other than LWR/CWR) 37
4.19 Ballast specifications 38
4.20 Physical Prosperities 38
4.21 Size and gradation 39
4.22 Oversize ballast 39
4.23 Under Size Ballast : 39
4.24 Method of sieve analysis 40
4.25 Conditions for submission of tender 40
4.26 Stack measurement 40
4.27 Wagon measurement 42
4.28 Shrinkage allowance 42
4.29 Sampling and testing 42

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4.30 Ballast Requirements of LWR Track & Flash Plated Track 43
5. Fastenings 44-53
5.1 Type of Fastenings 44
5.1.1 The traditional rigid & rail free fastening 44
5.2 Elastic fastening 44
5.2.1 Objectives of elastic fastening 44
5.2.3 Type of elastic fastening 45
5.2.4 Elastic Rail clip / Pandrol Clip 45
5.2.4.1 Requirement of toe load 45
5.2.4.2 Comparison of different type of elastic fastening 46
5.2.4.3 Maintenance of PSC Track 46
5.2.4.4 Testing in field of ERC 46
5.3 Rubber pad 46
5.3.1 Functions 46
5.3.2 Material 47
5.3.3 Grooved rubber pads: 47
5.4 Liners 47
5.4.1 Main functions 47
5.4.2 The requirements of liner 48
5.4.3 Types of liner 48
5.4.3.1 GFN-66 liner 48
5.4.3.2 Horizontal leg Thickness 48
5.4.3.3 Vertical leg thickness 49
5.4.3.4 Uses of Liners 49
5.5 Inserts 49
5.5.1 Type of inserts 49
5.6 Important Data of Fish Plates 49
5.7 Detail of Dog Spikes 50
5.8 Number of Fastenings per sleeper 50
5.9 Detail of Track component with ERC Clips 51
5.10 Requirement of P.Way materials for PSC T/Out 51
5.11 PRC Sleeper & fittings 52
5.12 Properties of elastic rail clip 53
6. Points and Crossings 54-155
6.1 Basics about Point & Crossing 54
6.2 Presentation of Point & Crossing 54
6.3 Parts of Turnout : 54
6.4 Direction of turn Out 58
6.5 Historical development 58
6.5.1 Stub Switches 58
6.5.2 Split Switch 59
6.5.3 Under Cut switch 59
6.5.4 Overriding Switch 59
6.6 Straight & Curved Switch 60
6.7 Loose heel Switch & Fixed heel switch 61
6.8 Some Nomenclature of turn out 61
6.8.1 Heel of switch 61
6.8.2 Switch length & length of tongue rail 62
6.8.3 Overall length 62
6.8.4 Heel divergence 62

xviii
6.8.5 Throw of switch 62
6.8.6 Switch entry angle 63
6.9 Conventional overriding switches 63
6.9.1 Tip of Tongue Rail 64
6.10 Important feature of curves switches 64
6.10.1 Clearance near JOH in case of 1 in 12 Curved switch 65
6.10.2 Crossings 65
6.10.2.1 Built up crossings 66
6.10.2.2 CMS crossings 66
6.10.3 Crossings : components / locations 67
6.10.3.1 Other components of P&C 67
6.10.4 Crossing : Dimensions / Parameters 67
6.11 Components of P&C 67
6.11.1 Stretcher bars 68
6.11.2 Fixing of stretcher bars 68
6.11.3 Distance blocks 69
6.11.4 Slide chairs 70
6.11.5 Switch stops 72
6.11.6 Slide blocks 73
6.11.7 Spherical washer 73
6.12 Design aspects 74
6.12.1 IRS layout (curved switch) 74
6.12.2 Heel divergence 74
6.12.3 Check rail clearance 75
6.12.4 Reverse canting of approach sleeper 75
6.12.5 Bending Stock Rail in Curved Switch 76
6.13 Laying of points & crossings 76
6.13.1 General provisions of IRPWM on turnout layouts 76
6.13.2 Bending of stock rail on straight switches & Curved switch 77
6.14 Schedule of points and crossings 77
6.15 Joint inspection with S&T branch 77
6.15.1 Maintenance requirements from signalling Considerations 78
6.16 Important measurements on P & C 78
6.16.1 Other imp. Provisions of IRPWM on P& C 79
6.17 Tamping of points & crossings 80
6.17.1 Tamping operations during tamping 80
6.17.2 Tips for efficient tamping of P& C 80
6.18 Spring setting device 80
6.19 Provisions of LWR Manual 81
6.20 Salient features of fan shaped layout 81
6.21 Speed on PSC turnouts 81
6.21.1 Gapless joint 82
6.22 Checklist for laying of fan shaped layout 82
6.22.1 Position of Sleeper in Fan shaped layouts 83
6.22.2 Ordinates of Curved Tongue rail & stock rail 83
6.22.3 Limitation of main line and turn in curve 84
6.22.4 Important Data of Fan shaped lay out (60 kg rails) 84
6.22.5 Some parameters of layout (Fan shaped layout ) 84
6.22.6 Typical Length of PSC sleepers (RDSO Drg. No. T-4327) 85
6.22.7 Drawing Nos of Turnout on PSC Sleepers 85
6.22.8 Drawing Nos of Derailing switch on PSC sleepers 86

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6.22.9 Drawing Nos of symmetrical splits on PSC sleepers 86
(BG 1673mm)
6.22.10 Drawing nos of Thick web curved switches on PSC sleepers 87
6.22.11 Drawing Nos of Scissors cross-over on PSC sleeper 87
6.22.12 Bending of stock rail in straight switch 88
6.23 Various dimensions of B.G Turnouts (Wooden Assemblies) 88
6.23.1 Various dimensions of B.G Turnouts Curved Switch (B.G) 89
6.23.2 Various dimensions Meter Gauge & Narrow Gauge Turn/Outs 90
6.24 Drawing nos of Thick web curved switches on PSC sleepers 92
6.25 Formula for straight portion of x-over 92
6.26 Length of X-Over for various centre to centre of 93
two parallel Track
6.27 Chart showing overall length for various track centers and
notified cases/conditions 94
6.28 Check List for Inspection of Points & Crossing 96
6.29 Details of fittings for 1 in 12, 60 kg fan shaped PSC sleepers 100
to RDSO Drg. No T-4218
6.30 Details of Fittings for 1 in 12, 52Kg fan shaped PSC sleepers 108
to RDSO Drg. No-T-4732
6.31 Details of Fittings for 1 in 8.5, 60Kg fan shaped PSC sleepers 116
to RDSO Drg. No-T-4865
6.32 Details of Fittings for 1 in 8.5, 52Kg fan shaped PSC sleepers 121
to RDSO Drg. No-T-4865
6.33 Cumulative spacing of 1 in 8.5 turn out on PSC sleeper 127
6.34 Cumulative spacing of 1 in 12 T-out on PSC sleeper 129
6.35 Check List of 1 in 8.5 T-Out material 132
6.36 Check List of 1 in 12 T-out material 133
6.37 Spacing of sleepers on Turn out 1 in 8.5 on PSC sleeper 136
similar flexure
6.38 Spacing of sleepers on Turn out 1 in 8.5 on PSC sleeper 141
contrary flexure
6.39 Spacing of sleepers on Turn out 1:12 similar flexure 146
6.40 Super elevation over turn out & Cross over 155
7. Curves 156-166
7.1 Curve designation 156
7.1.1 Degree of curve 156
7.1.2 Thumb rule to find out degree in the field 156
7.2 Super elevation / cant 157
7.2.1 Thumb rule for calculating super elevation 157
7.3 Important terms of curve 157
7.3.1 Equilibrium cant / Equilibrium speed 157
7.3.2 Actual cant ca 157
7.3.3 Cant deficiency cd 158
7.3.4 Cant excess cex 158
7.3.5 Transition curve 158
7.3.5.1 Length of transition 158
7.3.5.2 Shift on transition curve 159
7.3.5.3 Virtual transition 159
7.4 Compound curves 159
7.4.1 Reverse curves 160
7.5 Vertical curves 160

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7.6 Compensation allowed on gradients due to curvature 160
7.7 Clearance on curves- lean 161
7.7.1 Additional clearances on curves 161
7.7.2 Additional allowance due to sway 161
7.7.3 Extra clearance due to curvature 161
7.7.4 Check rails on curves 162
7.7.5 Realignment of curves 162
7.7.6 Objectives of realignment of curves 162
7.7.7 Criteria for realignment of curves 162
7.7.8 Service limits for station to station variation of versine 163
7.8 String lining method - Basic principles 163
7.8.1 String lining method - operations 163
7.9 Optimisation method 164
7.9.1 Basic principles 164
7.9.2 Optimisation procedure 164
7.10 Speed, Cant, Cant Deficiency, & minimum length of transition 164
7.11 Maximum degree of curve 165
7.12 Cant deficiency & cant excess on Indian Railway 165
7.13 Various parameters of curves 165
7.14 Maximum value of super elevation 166
7.15 Speed corresponding to the length of transition curve 166
7.16 Gauge on curve 166
8. Level Crossings 167-178
8.1 Criteria of classification of level crossings 167
8.2 Classification of LC’s 167
8.3 Classification of roads 167
8.4 Traffic & Engineering gates 168
8.4.1 Equipments at LC (manned) 168
8.4.2 Gates & locking arrangement 169
8.4.3 Skew LC 169
8.4.4 Normal position of gates 170
8.4.5 Sitting of gate lodges 170
8.4.6 Appointment of gate keeper 170
8.4.7 Duties of gate keepers 170
8.5 Maintenance of LC 171
8.5.1 Clearance of check rails 172
8.5.2 Rumble stripes/speed breakers 172
8.5.3 Track structure in LC 173
8.5.4 Level crossing indicators 173
8.6 Visibility requirements for U/M LC 173
8.7 Census of LC 174
8.7.1 Manning Of Unmanned Level Crossing 174
8.8 Specifications of level crossings 174
8.8.1 Minimum number of gate keepers 175
8.8.2 Width of metaling 175
8.8.3 Minimum width of road formation outside gates 176
8.8.4 Level length & gradient : 176
8.8.5 Minimum radius of center line of road on curved approaches 176
8.8.6 Min sight distance of LC gate from road in the vicinity of LC 176
8.8.7 Warning to road traffic of proximity of LC 176
8.8.8 Elimination of LC by construction of “Limited Use Sub way” 177

xxi
8.8.9 Manning of unmanned level crossings 177
9. Short welded Rail (SWR) 179-183
9.1 SWR 179
9.2 Track Structure 179
9.3 Condition of laying 180
9.3.1 Alignment 180
9.3.2 Junction with insulated joints and points and crossings 180
9.3.3 Junction with standard length rails on wooden sleepers 180
9.3.4 SWR on Bridges and Level Crossing 180
9.4 Maintenance of SWR 181
9.5 Gap survey and adjustment of gap 182
9.6 Calculation for Adjustment 182
9.7 Conversion of SWR into LWR 183
10. Long welded Rails (LWR) 184-218
10.1 Basic Principles 184
10.1.1 Thermal Forces 185
10.2 Definitions 185
10.3 Temperature measurement 187
10.3.1 Definitions of various temperature 188
10.4 Permitted locations of LWR 189
10.5 Track Structure for LWR 190
10.6 Miscellaneous (LWR) 192
10.6.1 Continuity of track structure 192
10.6.2 Level Crossings 192
10.6.3 Points & Crossings 192
10.6.4 Glued Joints: 192
10.6.5 Location of SEJ 192
10.6.6 Bridges with ballasted deck (without bearing) 193
10.6.7 Bridges with/without Ballasted Deck 193
10.6.7.1 Bridges with rail-free fastenings (single span not > 30.5m) 193
10.6.7.2 Bridges with rail-free fastenings & partly box anchored 194
10.6.7.3 Illustartion 195
10.7 Some important calculations 197
10.7.1 Breathing Length 197
10.7.2 Thermal Movements 197
10.7.3 Factors Affecting 197
10.7.4 Longitudinal Ballast Resistance 198
10.7.5 Minimum required gap at SEJs 198
10.7.6 Designed Gap At SEJ 199
10.8 Maintenance of LWR 199
10.8.0 Gaps at SEJ 199
10.8.1 Important Pre-requisite 199
10.8.2 Regular Track Maintenance 199
10.8.3 General items 200
10.8.4 Mechanized maintenance 200
10.8.5 Casual renewal of sleepers 201
10.8.6 Renewal of fastenings: 201
10.8.7 Maintenance of SEJs: 201
10.8.8 Special Track Maintenance 202
10.8.8.1 Through fittings renewal 202

xxii
10.8.8.2 Deep screening (manual/mechanized) 202
10.9 Distressing of LWR (With The use of Rail Tensor) 203
10.10 Ballast diagram for LWR (Double line) 210
10.11 Proforma for submitting proposal of LWR 212
10.12 Proforma of LWR register 214
10.13 SEJs on PSC sleepers 216
10.13.1 Improved SEJ on PSC sleepers 216
10.13.2 SEJ with one gap & two gap 216
10.14 Rail temperature ranges 218
11. Manual maintenance 219-249
11.1 Gang Strength 219
11.1.1 Modified Mafflin Formula 219
11.2 Special committee formula of Gang Strength 221
11.3 High power committee formula 224
11.4 Integrated Track Kilometer (ITKM) 224
11.5 Work Load of SSE/ADEN 226
11.6 Cycle of maintenance 226
11.6.1 Through packing 226
11.6.2 Systematic overhauling 228
11.6.3 Picking of slacks 230
11.7 Annual programme for regular track maintenance 230
11.7.1 Annual programme of maintenance of PSC track 231
11.8 Deep Screening 231
11.9 Track drainage 234
11.9.1 Type and size of drain 235
11.10 Gang Chart 235
11.11 Trolley refuges 236
11.12 Lifting & lowering of track 236
11.13 Distance Pieces 237
11.14 Fouling mark 237
11.15 Lubrication of rail joint 237
11.16 Maintenance of concrete sleeper 237
11.16.1 Rail joints on concrete sleepers 237
11.16.2 Gauge widening by liners of different thickness 238
11.16.3 Gauge widening on Curves 238
11.16.4 Laying practices 238
11.16.5 1673 mm track Gauge on PSC sleepers 239
11.17 Sleeper Spacing 239
11.18 Minimum sleeper density 240
11.19 Width of formation for all type of gauges 241
11.20 Hogging of rails 241
11.21 Battering of rail end 241
11.22 Prevention of corrosion 241
11.23 Important items to be checked and maintain in the section 241
12. Mechanize Maintenance 250-259
12.1 Necessity 250
12.1.1 Limitations in manual maintenance 250
12.2 Tamping Machine 250
12.2.1 Basic functions of tamping Machine 250
12.2.2 Tamping Principle 251

xxiii
12.3 Tamping parameters 251
12.3.1 Vibration frequency 251
12.3.2 Vibration Motor Pressure 251
12.3.3 Tamping Depth 251
12.3.4 Squeezing Pressure 252
12.3.5 Squeezing Time 252
12.3.6 Pre- requisites 252
12.3.7 Pre-tamping operations 252
12.3.8 Post Tamping operations 253
12.3.9 Operation during tamping 253
12.4 Mode of Leveling 254
12.4.1 Smoothening mode 254
12.4.1(a) In plain / straight track 254
12.4.1(b) Curved track 254
12.4.2 Design mode 254
12.4.2(a) In plain / straight track 254
12.4.2(b) Curved track 254
12.4.3 Survey for vertical profile correction 255
12.4.3(a) Design leveling 255
12.4.3(b) Design leveling curves 255
12.5 Selection of datum rail 255
12.6 Decision for general lift 256
12.7 Frequency of tamping 256
12.7.1 Rationalization of tamping requirement on Railways 256
12.8 Precautions for tamping 257
12.9 Limits of Track parameters after tamping 257
12.10 Dynamic Track Stabilizer (DTS) 257
12.11 Ballast Cleaning Machines 258
12.12 Types of Track Machine & their out put 258
12.13 Inspection schedule by Track Machine officers 259
12.14 Maintenance schedule of track machine 259
13 Protection of Track 260-265
13.1 Type of engineering indicators 260
13.2 Categories of Engg. Works 261
13.3 Works of routine maintenance 261
13.4 Works of Short Duration 261
13.5 Works of Long Duration 262
14. Track Monitoring 266-285
14.1 Methodology for assessment of track qualities 266
14.2 Purpose of manual inspection 266
14.2.1 Limitations of Manual Inspection 267
14.3 Track inspection 267
14.3.2 Push/ Motor trolley / FP / RW Frequencies 267
14.4 Track Monitoring Equipment 267
14.5 Track Recording Car 267
14.5.1 Basic of Track Geometry Monitoring 268
14.5.2 Track Parameters & its classification B.G & M.G 268
14.5.3 Track Indices 269
14.5.4 ABC category limits 269
14.5.5 Limitations of A,B,C categorization 269

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14.5.6 Limitations of CTR Formula 269
14.6 Track Geometry Index (TGI) 270
14.6.1 Maintenance Guidance using TGI Values 272
14.6.2 Features of TGI 272
14.6.3 Limitations of TGI 272
14.7 Recording by TRC 273
14.7.1 Requirement for TRC 273
14.7.2 Factors affecting vehicle response 273
14.8 Frequency of track Recording 273
14.9 Sample chart of TRC result 274
14.9.1 Thumb Rule for Analysis of ABC category 275
14.9.2 Track recording parameter ranges. 275
14.10 OMS-2000 275
14.10.1 Salient features of OMS-2000 276
14.10.2 Operation modes of OMS 2000 276
14.10.3 Limits of acceleration peaks 276
14.10.4 Track quality classification 277
14.10.5 Non recording speed for OMS-2000 277
14.10.6 Sperling ride index 277
14.10.7 Ride Index values for different rolling stocks in use on IR 278
14.10.8 OMS-2000 Print out Format: In combined mode will look 279
14.10.9 Important points for using OMS 282
14.10.10 Advantages of OMS 282
14.11 Oscillograph Car 283
14.11.1 Threshold value of acceleration 283
14.11.2 Analysis & interpretation of results 283
14.12 The new Formula for computing track Index values* 284
14.12.1 S.D Value for maintenance and planning. 285
14.12.2 Criteria for maintenance of track 285
15. Track Tolerances 286-289
15.1 Why Track Tolerances? 286
15.1.1 Methodology 286
15.2 Track tolerances at a Glance. 286
15.2.1 Type of tolerances 287
16. Track Renewal 290-305
16.1 Classification of track renewal works 290
16.2 Criteria for primary rail renewal 290
16.2.1 Wear on Rails 290
16.3 Criteria for secondary rail renewal 293
16.4 Criteria for renewal of sleeper 293
16.5 Criteria for through fitting renewal 293
16.6 Criteria for through ballast renewal (Deep screening) 294
16.7 Criteria for through bridge timber renewal 294
16.8 Criteria through weld renewal 294
16.9 Criteria for turn out renewal 294
16.10 Track renewal programme. 295
16.11 Project report for track renewal work 295
16.12 Mechanized track renewal 297
16.12.1 Need for mechanization 297
16.12.2 Systems of relaying 297

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16.12.3 Mechanized renewal methods 298
16.13 PQRS 298
16.13.1 Base depot activities 299
16.13.2 Pre Re-laying works 299
16.13.3 Shadow block activities 301
16.13.4 Post relaying works 301
16.13.5 Limitations 301
16.13.6 Block requirement 302
16.13.7 Speed restriction 302
16.14 Track Relaying Train 302
16.14.1 Site Activities 303
16.14.2 Pre Block Activities 303
16.14.3 During Block activities 303
16.14.4 Deployment of P.way staff 304
16.14.5 Post block activities 304
16.14.6 Precautions 304
16.15 T-28 Machine 304
16.15.1 Pre-block activities 305
16.15.2 During block 305
16.15.3 Depot activities 305
17. Small Track Machines 306-314
17.1 Need for track machines 306
17.2 Description of small track machine 306
17.3 Machines for operations on rail 306
17.4 Machines for operations on sleeper 306
17.5 Machines for welding operations 307
17.6 Machines for operation on fittings 307
17.7 Machines for lifting and slewing 307
17.8 Machines for transportation/ handling of men/material 307
17.9 Machines for Track & Ballast 307
17.10 Yardstick of Small Track Machines 308
17.11 Power of Procurement 309
17.11.1 Procurement Procedure 309
17.11.2 Powers of Emergency Requirements 310
17.11.3 Sub Divisional Depot 310
17.12 Inspection 310
17.13 Training 311
17.14 Salient feature of important Machine/Parts 311
17.14.1 Hacksaw Blade 311
17.14.2 Rail Drilling Machine 312
17.14.3 Rail cutting Machine 312
17.14.4 Abrasive Rail cutter 312
17.14.5 Hydraulic Rail bender( Jim crew) 312
17.14.6 Rail Profile weld grinder 313
17.14.7 Mechanical track Jack 313
17.14.8 Hydraulic Track Jack 313
17.14.9 Gang Hooter 313
17.14.10 Train speed recorder 314
17.14.11 Off track tamper ( Engine mounted) 314

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18. Patrolling of Railway track 315-332
18.1 Keyman’s daily patrol 315
18.2 Gang patrolling during abnormal rainfall or storm 315
18.3 Hot weather patrolling in LWR/CWR 315
18.4 Cold whether patrolling 317
18.5 Monsoon patrolling 318
18.5.1 Mobile patrolling 318
18.5.2 Stationary patrolling 326
18.5.2.1 At vulnerable locations 326
18.6 Pre-Monsoon Precautions 327
18.6.1 Danger level ( IRBM 1998 Para-703) 328
18.6.2 HFL. 328
18.6.3 Flood Gauges 329
18.7 Materials for emergency 329
18.8 Railway affecting work / tank 330
18.9 Flood warnings and weather reports. 330
18.10 Action on receipt of weather warning telegram by the ADEN 331
18.11 Action on receipt of weather warning telegram by PWIs 331
18.12 Action on receipt of weather warning telegram by P.way / 331
Supervisors/Gangmates
18.13 Security patrolling 332
19. USFD 333-350
19.1 Basic principles 333
19.2 Sonic & Sound 333
19.3 Types of sound waves 333
19..3.1 Longitudinal waves 333
19.3.2 Transverse waves 334
19.3.3 Surface waves 334
19.4 Wave velocities 334
19.5 Wave propagation 334
19.6 Snell’s Law 335
19.7 Usable Range For Angle Beam Probes 336
19.8 Flaw Detection 336
19.9 Wave Length & Detectable Flaw Size In Steel 337
19.10 Probes 337
19.10.1 Normal Probe single crystal 338
19.10.2 Angle probe (transverse waves) 338
19.11 T.R Probes 339
19.12 Types Of Probes Used In USFD of Rails 340
19.13 Defects Detectable By Various Probes 340
19.14 Calibration, sensitivity setting, maintenance of machines and 341
function of probes.
19.15 Periodicity of testing 341
19.16 Test Free Period 343
19.17 Classification of rail/Welds defects and Action to be taken 343
19.18 Classification of Weld defects /Action to be taken 344
19.19 Various types of probes & their applications in used testing 344
19.20 Procedure of calibration:- 347
19.21 Checking the function and sensitivity of probes 348
19.22 Checking of equipment characteristics monthly check 349
19.23 Procedure to be followed by USFD operators for undertaking 349

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19.23.1 Before testing 349
19.23.2 During testing 350
19.23.3 After Testing 350
20. Rail Weld Failure 351-365
20.1 Introduction 351
20.1.1 Step to be taken 351
20.2 Common type of defects in rails / welds 352
20.2.1 At manufacturing stage 352
20.2.2 Caused during service 353
20.2.3 Nature of Defects 354
20.2.3.1 In Rail Ends 354
20.2.3.2 Weld and Resurfacing Defects 356
20.3 Action to be taken on occurrence of a rail/weld failure 357
20.3.1 Detailed metallurgical investigation 358
20.4 Codification of Rail & Weld Defects 358
20.4.1 Factor Leading to Rail Failure 358
20.5 Measures to Prevent Rail Fractures 359
20.5.1 Factor Leading to Weld Failures 359
20.5.2 Measures to Prevent Weld Failures 360
20.6 Handling of Rails 360
20.7 Important flaws 361
20.7.1 Kidney Type Failures in Rail Head 361
20.7.2 Transverse Crack 362
20.7.3 Gauge Corner Flaws 362
20.7.4 Bolt Hole Crack 363
20.8 Various Ways of Analysing 364
20.8.1 Rail Fractures and Weld Failures 364
20.9 Some typical example of failures 364
20.10 Codification of Rail failure 364
21 Welding 366-392
21.1 Flash Butt Welding 366
21.1.1 Permissible wear of rails to be welded. 366
21.1.2 Values of minimum breaking load and deflection in transverse 367
load test
21.1.3 Finishing Tolerances for welds 368
21.1.4 Check List for flash butt welding plants 368
21.1.5 List of Minimum equipments & Machines required for flash but 370
welding plants
21.2 Alumino Thermic Welding 371
21.2.1 Welding Portion 372
21.2.2 Prefabricated Mould 372
21.2.3 Rail End Preparation 372
21.2.4 Cutting of rails 372
21.2.5 Preparatory Work 372
21.2.6 Alignment of Rails 373
21.2.7 Gap 373
21.2.8 Fixing of Mould 373
21.2.8.1 Placing of Moulds 374
21.2.8.2 Luting Of Moulds 374
21.2.9 Pre-Heating 375

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21.2.9.1 Pre-Heating Checks 375
21.2.9.2 Pre-heating of Rails 375
21.2.10 Crucible 376
21.2.11 Welding Process 376
21.2.12 Chipping 377
21.2.12.1 Hydraulic Weld Trimmer 378
21.2.12.2 Trimming and Grinding 378
21.2.13 Profile Grinding 379
21.2.14 Painting of weld Collar 379
21.2.15 Acceptance Test 379
21.2.15.1 Sample Test Joint 379
21.2.16 Pre-Welding precautions 380
21.2.16.1 Post welding operations 380
21.2.16.2 Do’s for A.T welding 381
21.2.16.3 Do Not’s of A.T Welding 383
21.2.16.4 Miscellaneous precautions 384
21.2.16.5 Competency Certificate 385
21.2.16.5.1 Competency Training 386
21.2.17 Latest Developments 386
21.2.18 Three Piece Moulds 386
21.2.18.1 Compressed Air Petrol 387
21.2.19 Combination Joint 387
21.3 Wide Gap Welding 388
21.3.1 Yield Strength 389
21.3.2 Fatigue Strength 389
21.3.3 Impact Strength 389
21.4 Major Defects In AT Welds 389
21.5 Parameter for different gaps of A.T welding techniques 390
21.6 List of equipment for alumino - Thermic welding 391
22. Accidents 393-421
22.1 Some definitions 393
21.2 Classification of accidents 394
22.3 Report of accident to SM 395
22.4 Sounding of hooters 395
22.5 Target time for turning out medical van/breakdown train 396
22.6 Action to be taken in case of derailments 396
22.7 Clearance of line 397
22.8 Responsibilities of different departments 397
22.9 Guide lines for sketch preparation 398
22.10 Sabotage /train wrecking 398
22.11 Examination of carriage and wagon 399
22.12 Measurement of Loco bogie dimensions 405
22.13 Important clearances in Bogie of WAM-4 Loco 406
22.14 General information to be furnished in enquiry of CRS 412
23. Bridge 422-444
23.1 Classification Of Bridges According To Function 422
23.2 According To Material Of Construction Of Super Structure 422
23.3 According To Type of Superstructure 423
23.4 Moveable Bridges 423
23.5 According To Level Of Floor Systems 428

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23.6 According To Structural Characteristics of superstructure 429
23.7 According to type of service 429
23.8 According To Method of Connection (Steel Girder) 430
23.9 According To Level Of Decking With Reference To HFL 430
23.10 According to Span or opening 430
23.11 According To Railway Gauge 431
23.12 According To Loading Standard 431
23.13 Main Element of Bridge 431
23.14 Monolithic Bridge Like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert and Arch Act 431
like one unit.
23.15 Open Web Through Span 432
23.15.1 Top Plan 433
23.15.2 Plan at floor level 433
23.16 Plate Girder 434
23.17 Important terms used for river training works & Bridges 435
23.18 Numerical rating system for inspection of railway bridges 437
2318.1 Numerical rating system(NRS): 437
23.18.2 Condition rating number (CRN) 437
23.18.3 Overall rating number(ORN) 438
23.18.4 Unique rating number (URN) 438
23.19 Check list for inspection of Bridges 439
24. Establishment 445-468
24.1 Pass Rule 445
24.1.1 Classes of privilege Pass as per pay limits: 445
24.1.2 Post retirement pass 446
24.1.3 Widow pass 446
24.1.4 School pass 446
24.1.5 Duty pass 446
24.1.6 Residential card passes 447
24.1.7 Special passes 447
24.2 Leave Rules 447
24.2.1 Leave at a Glance 448
24.3 DAR Penalties 449
24.4.1 Suspension 454
24.4.2 Suspension is not a penalty 454
24.4.3 Circumstances under which a railway servant may be placed 454
under suspension
24.4.4 Guiling principles for suspension 454
24.4.5 Deemed suspension 454
24.4.6 Compulsory deductions from Subsistence Allowance 456
24.4.7 Optional deductions from Subsistence Allowance 456
24.4.8 Prohibited deductions from Subsistence Allowance 456
24.5 Different standard forms 457
24.6 (HOER), (PW act), (WC act), (MW act) 458
24.7 Classification of HOER 461
24.8 Railway service conduct rules 1966 462
24.9 Modified Assured career progression scheme (MACP) 464
24.10 Display of notices/Abstract of Acts under various Labour Laws 466
24.11 Different registers to be maintained by depot in-charge 466
24.12 Basic & Refresher training courses for P.Way categories 467
24.13 Procedure to impose Major Penalty 467

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25. Finance 469-494
25.1 Demands for grants 469
25.2 What is budget 470
25.2.1 Consolidated fund of India 470
25.2.2 August Review 470
25.2.3 Revised estimate - second review 471
25.2.4 Final modification 471
25.3 Various Types of Engineering Estimates 471
25.3.1 Approximate estimate 471
25.3.2 Abstract estimate 471
25.3.3 Detailed estimate 471
25.3.4 Supplementary estimates 472
25.3.5 Revised estimates 472
25.3.6 Project abstract estimates 472
25.3.7 Construction estimates 472
25.3.8 Completion estimates 472
25.4 Pink Book 473
25.5 Preliminary works Programme( P.W.P) 473
25.6 Financial Work Programme ( F.W.P)- 474
25.7 Scrutiny of work Programme Proposal: 474
25.8 Tender 475
25.8.1 Single Tender 475
25.8.2 Open tender 475
25.8.3 Limited Tender 476
25.8.4 Special Limited Tenders 476
25.8.5 Two Packet System of Tendering 477
25.9 Late Tender 477
25.9.1 Delayed Tender 477
25.10 Eligibility Criteria for tenderer 477
25.11 Earnest Money 478
25.12 Standing Earnest Money 479
25.13 Security Deposit 479
25.14 Quotation 479
25.15 Briefing Note 480
25.16 Zonal Contract 480
25.17 Preparation of Schedule /Conditions 481
25.17.1 Non-Scheduled Items 482
25.17.2 Schedule of Rates 483
25.18 Ninety Five Percent Syndromes 484
25.19 Assessment of Quantity 484
25.20 Tender Schedule 484
25.20.1 Time of Completion 484
25.20.2 Tender Conditions 485
25.20.3 Contract Conditions 485
25.20.4 Management during Execution 485
25.20.5 Changes In Items and Quantities 486
25.20.6 Variations in contract 486
25.21 Extensions 487
25.22 Arbitration 487
25.23 Others 488
25.24 Termination due to default by contractor 488

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25.24.1 Procedure for termination 488
25.24.2 Revival of Contract after Issue of 48 Hour’s Notice 489
25.25 Measurement Book 489
25.26 Preparation of contractors Bills 490
25.26.1 Bills payable 490
25.26.2 Bills receivable 490
25.26.3 Steps involved in preparation of contractor’s bills. 491
25.26.4 Checking of Contractor Bills 492
25.27 Deposit Works 493
26. General & Subsidiary Rule (G&SR) 495-508
26.1 General 495
26.2 Coverage by G&SR 495
26.3 Definitions, Classification of Stations 496
26.4 Rules Applicable to Railway Servants 496
26.5 Signals 496
26.6 Condition for taking off signals 497
26.7 Detonating Signals 497
26.8 Flare Signals 497
26.9 Working of Trains Generally 497
26.10 Caution indicator, speed, termination boards 498
26.11 Working of material train/ Track Machines 498
26.12 Control and Working of Stations 498
26.13 Accidents and Unusual Occurrences 498
26.14 Systems of Working 499
26.14.1 Absolute Block System 499
26.14.2 Automatic Block System 499
26.14.3 Following Train System 499
26.14.4 Pilot Guard System 499
26.14.5 Train Staff and Ticket System 499
26.14.6 One Train Only System 499
26.15 Block Working 499
26.16 Permanent Way and Works ( GR-15) 500
26.16.1 Working of trollies, lorries 500
26.16.2 Working of Rail dolly 500
26.17 Level Crossing ( GR-16 ) 500
26.18 Working of trains in Electrified Sections 501
26.19 Matrix of Exchange of Pvt. nos. between GK & SM/CM 501
26.20 Signal 504
26.20.1 Essentials of Interlocking 504
26.20.2 Railway Signaling is designed on 504
26.20.3 Different Signal Systems 504
26.20.4 Different Interlocking Systems 505
26.20.5 Different Concepts 505
26.20.6 Route Relays 505
26.20.7 Other Gears to be Locked 506
26.20.8 Others 506
26.20.9 Visibility of Signals 506
26.20.10 Standards of Signalling and Interlocking 506
26.20.11 Guidelines for S & T Staff attending accidents 506
26.20.11.1 Position of the items should be noted 507
26.20.11.2 Items should be noted and sealed 507

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26.20.11.3 Items should be seized 507
26.20.12 Collision in mid-section. 507
26.20.13 Cases of signals being taken off for wrong route 508
26.20.14 Important minimum Signaling feaures. 508
27. Works 509-520
27.1 Residual chlorine 509
27.2 Reasons for use of Alum in Water Treatment 509
27.3 Standards of quality of drinking water (Physical & chemical) 510
27.4 Different process of chlorination 510
27.4.1 Plain chlorination 510
27.4.2 Pre chlorination 510
27.4.2.1 Post Chlorination 510
27.4.3 Double chlorination 510
27.4.4 Break point chlorination 511
27.4.5 Super chlorination 511
27.4.6 De chlorination 511
27.5 Water samples for testing from tap, stream & T/well 511
27.6 Checking Verticality of Tube Wells 512
27.7 Self Cleaning Velocity 512
27.8 Provision of ‘Man holes 513
27.9 Functioning of a ‘Septic tank’ in a sewerage disposal system 514
27.10 Requirement of Water 516
27.11 Capacity Of Source 518
27.12 Capacity Of Pumping 518
27.13 Storage Capacity 518
27.14 Yield of Tube Well 518
27.15 Pumping Test 519
27.15.1 Recuperation Test 519
27.16 P.P.E. Act 519
27.16.1 Different Forms used under PPE Act 520
28. Store 521-527
28.1 M.A.S. Accounts 521
28.2 Imprest Stores 521
28.3 Charged of stores 521
28.4 Tools and plant for maintenance 522
28.5 Surplus Store 522
28.6 Accountal of Stores 522
28.7 Issue Note 522
28.8 DMTR 523
28.9 RE-9B 523
28.10 Stock Verification 523
28.11 DS-8 Note 524
28.12 Railway material consignment Note 524
28.12.1 Acceptance of railway material consignment notes 525
28.12.2 Indenting and supply of wagons for loading of railway material 525
28.12.3 Loading and unloading of railway materials and stores 525
28.12.4 Loading where Goods clerks at Depots 526
28.12.5 Loading where Goods clerks not at depot 526
28.12.6 Wharfage/demurrage charges 526
28.12.7 Damages and deficiencies 526

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28.13 Booking of Rly materials and stores by passenger/parcel trains 527
28.13.1 Forwarding note 527
28.13.2 Booking of Railway material 527
28.14 Credit Notes 527
29. Important Tables (P.way Tables) 528-555
29.1 Schedule of dimension –Some Important items 528
29.2 Dimensions of standard rail section 530
29.3 Standard Size of Rail & Plate Screws 531
29.4 Stipulate life 531
29.5 Details of Dog Spikes 531
29.6 Number Per Rail Seat 531
29.7 Number of Fastenings 532
29.8 Detail of Track component with ERC Clips 532
29.9 Standard dimensions of sand hump 533
29.10 Some Important P.Way Material & Drawing No and Weight 534
29.10.1 Other P.way material (New layout) 541
29.11 Codal Life of materials 544
29.12 Classifiction of materials 546
Important Tables (Works Tables)
29.13 Quantities of sand and aggregate for one bag of cement 547
29.14 Nominal mixes for various types of works 547
29.15 Strength of concrete for different mixer 547
29.16 Quantities for 1 m3 of concrete work. 548
29.17 Period for removal of shuttering 548
29.18 Workability of concrete mix 548
29.19 Thumb Rules for design of R.C.C Slabs and beams. 549
29.20 Assumed standard Deviation as per IS 456 of 2000 549
29.21 Schedule of Colour Washing and Distempering 549
29.22 Important features of passenger and goods Platforms 551
29.23 Norms for recommended level of amenities at various 552
categories of stations
29.24 Norms for Quantum of minimum essential amenities at various 553
categories of stations
29.25 Minimum essential amenities for different category of station 554
29.26 Categories of station for provision of passenger amenities 555
Important Tables (Signal and Telecommunication Data Tables)
29.27 Parts of Lifting Barrier gate & their inspection 556
29.28 Schedule of Dimension (Signal side) 556
29.28.1 Signal & Overhead Equipment 557
29.28.2 Upgradation of Existing System 557
29.29 Description of Power Supply Arrangements for signaling 558
29.30 Signalling Cable Lying 559
29.31 Track Dection Devices 559
29.31.1 Parameter of DC TC 559
29.31.2 Feed & Relay Ends 561
29.31.3 NON-RE: Typical Parameters of D.C Track Circuits 561
29.31.4 RE AREA: Typical Parameters of DC Track Circuits 562
29.31.5 Vital Safety Checks for Track Circuit 562
29.31.6 Siemens AFTC (FTGS-46) 563

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29.32 Parameters of Reverser, Lever Lock, RKT, Slots, Etc. 563
29.33 Electric Point Machine 564
29.33.1 Parameters of Electrical Point Machine 564
29.33.2 Parameters of Electrical Point Motor 565
29.34 Essentials of interlocking 565
29.34.1 Strokes of different levers: 565
29.34.2 General rules for interlocking 566
29.35 Mechanical Signalling 566
29.35.1 Lever Frames 566
29.35.2 Crank and Compensator 566
29.35.3 Locks 567
29.35.4 Lock Bar 568
29.35.5 Compensators 569
29.35.6 Adjustment of Point 570
29.35.7 Detector 570
29.35.8 Transmission of Signal Wire 570
29.35.9 Facing point, its fittings and Locks 571
29.35.10 Material required for Guide Roller Assembly 571
29.36 Double wire signaling 572
29.36.1 Details of Strokes: 572
29.36.2 Details of Clutch lever 573
29.36.3 Stroke between Facing point mechanism and Rack 573
29.36.4 Stroke between facing point lock and cross detection slide 573
30. Pipe Line Track Ceossing 574-587
30.1 General 574
30.2 Standard Plan 574
30.3 Standard Notes 575
30.3.1 Following notes are to be mentioned on all Type Plans 575
30.3.2 Notes for water (under pressure) Pipeline Crossing 577
30.3.3 In addition to common notes following notes are to be 579
written on Type Plan No. 5
30.4 The thickness of Casing / Carrier pipe in different cases 582
is as under
Annexure1 Carrying non electrical cable i.e. T.V.,Telephone, O.F.C. cable 584
Annexure2 Carrying water, sewage or inflammable effluent under pressure 585
of dia upto 600 mm
Annexure3 Carrying water, sewage or non inflammable effluent under 586
pressure of dia more than 600 mm
Annexure4 Carrying inflammable substances like petroleum, oil and gas 587
l l

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