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1.2.a Vector Quantities

General Physics 1 (Batanes National Science High School)

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ADVANCED PHYSICS 10

Vector Quantities
Chapter 1 Vector Quantities

John Rick Vasol

Science Department - STE

Monday, September 11, 2023

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Outline
• Differentiate vector and scalar quantities.
• Express a vector from magnitude-direction form to
component form and vice versa.
• Perform addition of vectors.

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Scalar vs Vector
• A scalar is a quantity that is described by its magnitude:
a number and its corresponding unit

• Example:
mass = 5 kg
time = 60 s

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Scalar vs Vector
N
• A vector is a quantity that
has both magnitude and
~x2
direction
W E
• Example:
~x1
~x1 = 45 m to the east
~x2 = 45 m, 26 north of east S
magnitude direction
4

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Vector Notation
• Handwritten notation:

A A
• Typeset:
S S
A A
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Vector Addition
~ =A
C ~+B
~
• C is the vector sum or resultant
• Graphical way: Òtail-to-head methodÓ
~
B

+ = ? ~
A
~
C
~
A + ~
B ~
= C
! " # $ %&is not the same as ' " ( $ )&

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Negative of a Vector
• Negative of a vector is just a vector with the same
magnitude but opposite in direction
• This means we can perform vector subtraction.

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Vector Representation
(1) Bearing
y
(2)Components
Bearing
• Magnitude
• Direction angle
Displacement vector , 45
x
d~ = 4 m, 45 north of east
d~ = 4 m, 45 with respect to the horizontal

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Vector Magnitude N
~x2
or A
• Magnitude of vector ~
~
|A| or A W E

• Example: Given the ff vectors

~x1
S
~x1 = 45 m to the east
~x2 = 20 m, 26 north of east
• Corresponding magnitudes |~
x1 | = 45 m
|~x2 | = 20 m

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Components of Vectors
• Unit vectors: vectors of magnitude 1
• 3D: y

- unit vector along the x-axis

- unit vector along the y-axis

x - unit vector along the z-axis

z

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Components of Vectors
y

3D
!"

~
A
!#
!!

x
z

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Components of Vectors
Unit vectors: vectors of magnitude 1
2D:

- unit vector along the x-axis

- unit vector along the y-axis

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Components of Vectors
y
2D: Project the vector to the x and y axes
~
A
θ x

~ = Ax î + Ay ĵ
A

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Components of Vectors

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Example
Vector Addition in Component
Form
• Example: Given the following vectors
! " # $&% ' ()% ' *,+
- # $&% . ()% ' *,+
/ # $&% ' ()% . *,+
ØSolve ! - 2-"+ /
Solution:
! "#%$& ' ()$& ' *+&, $ ' "#%$& ' ()$& - *+&,
$ - ( #%$& - ()$& ' *+& $

$ to +&)
Add same components (%$& to %$&, )$& to )$&, +& $
! "# - ( ' #,&%$& ' "( ' . ' (,&)$& ' "* - / - *,&+0
$
! 1)$& - &/+&

9/11/23
A D VA N C E D PHYSICS 10

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Example
Vector Addition in Component
Form
Example: Given the following vectors
2 & ! #43 ' (53 ' *+0
6 ! #43 - (53 ' *+0
7 ! #43 ' (53 - *+0
ØSolve (2 + 6&- 7
Solution:
$ ' "#%$& - ()$& ' *+&,
=("#%$& ' ()$& ' *+&, $ - "#%$& ' ()$& - *+&,
$

$ 89&+&,
Add same components "%$& 89&%$&: )$& 89&)$&: +& $
$
! "( ' # - &#,&%$& ' ". - ( - (,&)$& ' "/ ' * ' *,&+&
$
! (%$& ' &#(+&

9/11/23
A D VA N C E D PHYSICS 10

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Components of Vectors
y
2D: Project the vector to the x and y axes
~
A
θ x

~ cos ✓
Ax = |A| ~ sin ✓
Ay = |A|
~ = Ax î + Ay ĵ
A

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Components of Vectors
Example
• The initial velocity of a human cannonball is
25 m/s directed *+,-∘ from the horizontal. What are
the x- and y-components of this velocity?
Definition (Velocity and Speed)
• Velocity is the time rate of change of displacement of
an object. It is a vector. Speed is the magnitude of
velocity. It is a scalar.

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Component Vectors
Example
The initial velocity of a human cannonball is ./&012
directed *+,-∘ from the horizontal. What are the 3 4 &
5 4components of this velocity?
Solution

6" $ 6 789 : 6# $ 6 9>? :

$ ./&;19 789 *+,-∘ $ ./&;19 9>? *+,-∘
6" $ .<,=&;19 6# $ -+&;19

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Components of Vectors
Can we get the magnitude and angle from the
components? Aye,
y
'$ '$" " '$#
~
A
θ BCC '#
x :$ @A?%& $ @A? %&
'DE '"
Try this: The initial velocity of a human cannonball has x- and
y-components of 20.7 m/s and 14.0 m/s, respectively. What is
the speed of the object? At what angle from the horizontal was
the human cannonball launched?

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Credits/References
• University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R. Freedman
Pearson Education 2014
• PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics 13th Ed, Wayne Anderson
Pearson Education 2012
• Physics 71 Lectures by J Vance, M Flores, A Lacaba, PJ Blancas,
G Pedemonte, DL Sombillo, K Agapito, J De Mesa, C Olaya edited by Kym Clyde H.
Course Guidelines

Moro

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