Related Studies

Foreign

According to the study of (Emiliawati, 2017) titled “A study of water pump efficiency for
household water demand at Lubuklinggau”, one tool for moving liquid from one location to
another is a water pump. Most homes make use of this gadget. Indonesia. Generally, small-scale
water pumps that are efficient at raising greater discharge are employed. The most It is preferred
to use centrifugal kinds with minimal absorbability. In practice, the pressure level limits pump
performance. Water pumps are used to move liquids from one location to another. While
electrical power affects pump efficiency, head and discharge also have an impact. Most homes
make use of this gadget. Indonesia. Generally, small-scale water pumps that are efficient at
raising greater discharge are employed. The most It is preferred to use centrifugal kinds with
minimal absorbability. The actual pressure level limits the pump's performance.
electrical power, while head and discharge have an impact on pump efficiency. The study seeks
to determine the efficiency of five distinct brands of home water pumps which are broadly
distributed in market. Efficiency analysis take by laboratorium and financial analysis using NPV
and BCR are done in order to obtained dicharge and pressure from each pump. At the end of the
research, one out of 5 home water pump brands will be selected as the optimal working home
water pump with low operational expense based on the utilizing age. The result of the research
shows that the maximum efficiency value among various brands of water pump is diverse. Each value is
arranged as follow from water pump A to E orderly: 12,9%, 13,5%, 12,8%, 14,8%, and 3,4%. From the
calculation, water demand of South Lubuklinggau at stage 1 is 1117,7 l/s and stage 2 is 3495,2 l/s..
Moreover, the researcher conducts of investment, operation and maintenance cost with 25 years pump
utilizing age towards 2 conditions (1) of maximum efficiency, i.e. pump A Rp16.563.971; pump B
Rp12.163.798; pump C Rp11.809.513,2; pump D Rp11.473.928,3; pump E Rp12.648.708,3; (2) of max
discharge, i.e. pump A Rp111.993.822,8; pump B Rp26.128.845,1; pump C Rp51.697.208,8; pump D
Rp51.098.687,4; pump E Rp22.915.952,7;Financial analysis with interest rate 13% show a positive
NPV(+) for all pump except pump A in max efficiency and a negative NPV (-) for all except pump B in
max discharge. BCR value for max efficiency are pump A 0,8; pump B 1,6; pump C 1,7; pump D 1,7 and
pump E 1,3. And for max discharge are pump A 0,2; pump B 1,1; pump C 0,7; pump D 0,7 and pump E
0,9. Result from that analysis obtained pump B are feasible with low cost and high benefit.

According to the study of (Rathod, Karambelkar, Khaire, & Dhavale, 2023) titled
“Automated Water Pump System”, As they can control water pumps based on current data and
conditions, automated water pump systems are becoming more and more significant. This
ensures effective water distribution while lowering energy consumption and water waste.
Automated water pump systems are becoming more and more significant because they can
control water pumps based on current data and conditions, reducing energy use and water waste
while ensuring efficient water distribution. Research indicates that automated water pump
systems have several advantages over traditional manual systems, including increased efficiency,
lower energy consumption, better water management, and improved pump performance.
According to research, automated water pump systems outperform conventional manual systems
in a number of ways, including enhanced pump performance, reduced energy usage, better water
management, and increased efficiency. The use of these systems does have several
disadvantages, though, including greater initial costs because of the sophisticated technology and
equipment needed, difficult installation and design requirements, and the requirement for a
dependable power source. Since every type of automated water pump system has advantages and
disadvantages, the selection is based on the specific application and requirements. To enable
automated operation, the article's methodology entails connecting the water pump, ESP32, power
supply, and solid-state relays. The system is programmed using the Arduino IDE software, which
lets the user set the timing of the water pump's activation. The ESP32 microcontroller then
controls the system by activating the relay module to supply electricity to the water pump until
the threshold level set by the user is achieved. This eliminates the need for manual labor and
guarantees that the plants get the right amount of water for healthy growth. The hardware
utilized, such as the relay module and ESP32 microcontroller, is also covered in the article.

According to the analysis of (Alshaari & Nor, 2021) titled “Reliability analysis on Water
Pumps in water supply system in Johor”, when providing consumers with water facilities, the use
of water pumps should be prioritized in terms of availability and operational performance. Given
that, dependability Water pump evaluations were conducted using Mean Time Between Failure
(MTBF). Availability and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR). The brands of the water pumps were
then contrasted use the Mean Cumulative Function (MCF) plot and Failure Modes to propose
strategies, The FMECA (Effects and Criticality Analysis) method was used. There were two
kinds of both new and old water pumps, including treated water pumps (TWP) and raw water
pumps (RWP). Brand A, Brand C, and Brand B are the names of the old and new RWP and TWP
brands. Old RWP and new TWP are the most dependable, according to the study's findings water
pumps according to the calculations. Additionally, the top brands were A and C among various
water pump brands by utilizing the MCF plot to compare the performance. Finally, the
appropriate tactics recommended to concentrate on preventive maintenance, predictive
conducting the maintenance, including both corrective and general maintenance.

According to the study of (Xu & Lu, 2023), The manufacturing mode has a significant
impact on the water pump's inventory and delivery rate. The simulation test method and system
dynamics model were chosen in the text to enhance the water pump production model's operation
optimization. Indicators including inventory, productivity, and water pump delivery rate were
evaluated across three distinct production modes: the classic make-to-order (MTO) model, the
make-to-stock (MTS) mode, and the MTO & MTS model. Additionally, the fuzzy
comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the three production modes mentioned
above. The findings indicate that it is not a good fit for the MTS production model in real-world
scenarios where inventory and customer demand satisfaction are at an intermediate level. When
client demand is predictable and rarely changes, the MTO manufacturing model is suitable.
When predicting the highly variable consumer demand is challenging, the MTO & MTS
production model ought to be chosen. The MTO & MTS manufacturing model is the optimum
option for the pump after careful consideration.

According to the study of, (Wong, Mui, Lau, & Zhou, 2014), These days, high-rise
residential buildings' water supply systems' energy efficiency is a concern for sustainable
development. According to reports, high-rise water delivery systems have an energy efficiency
of less than 25% and lose over 75% of their input; water pumps are responsible for over half of
this energy loss. It is very undesirable for a water pump to operate at low efficiency. The
effectiveness of in-use water pumps for water supply systems in Hong Kong's high-rise buildings
is examined in this study. Twenty high-rise water supply systems were surveyed, and the
pumping efficiencies were calculated and displayed as a function of installation time. Pump
replacement time and in-use pump efficiency expressions were proposed. Pumps with higher
performance ratings had longer recommended service times, whereas those with lower
performance ratings had shorter payback periods. Larger pumps were recommended to be
replaced more frequently, and payback periods were typically shorter.