1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background and rationale

New technologies are always emerging, and they have the potential to drastically
change how we teach and learn. Advanced machine learning models like ChatGPT is one of
these technologies that have been demonstrated to have a substantial impact in a number of
industries, particulariy education. A deep learning approach is used by ChatGPT, an artificial
intelligence language model created by OpenAl, to produce responses to user input that are
human-like. Its powers in natural language processing have made it a useful tool in education,
with the ability to enhance teaching methods, increase student engagement and personalize
learning experiences. But like with any new technology, there are also possible drawbacks to
take into account. (Castro, 2023). According to (OpenAl, 2022) ChatGPT is an Artificial
intelligence Al chatbot and the word "GPT" stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer,
which is a language learning model of Al. It has only been a year since the initial release of this
disruptive technology. (Duarte, 2023) stated that it first launched in 30th November 2022 and
was able to create a record breaking user base within 5 days. As of April 2023, it has 1.8 billion
visitors and currently there are 100 million users. This technology has a lot of use cases such as
it can create content for Youtubers, it can write, debug and document codes for programmers,
it can also act as a translator and can also be used as a marketing tool to conduct SEO on blogs
and articles (Farah, Naveed & Ali, 2023). In order to fully utilize ChatGPT, it is important for the
users to give the right prompts for the task in hand.
ChatGPT is a large generative language model, its potential to help students with writing is
immense. It is more student-friendly and can provide more need-based assistance than other
AWE tools, as suggested by Guo et al. (2022) and Rudolph et al. (2023). ChatGPT can be used
for generating ideas and brainstorming (Lingard, 2023). Wang and Guo (2023) discuss ChatGPT
supporting students with learning grammar and vocabulary. As pointed out by Rudolph et al.
(2023), irrespective of students’ ability to use language accurately to ask questions, ChatGPT
can provide feedback and information. In another study by Dai et al. (2023), students received
corrective feedback from ChatGPT. It is also a practice in writing related interventions (Rezai et

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al., 2022). Many existing studies utilized these tools for formative purposes (Rudolph et al.,
2023) and found similar results. The integration of ChatGPT into the academic writing
instruction can yield positive impacts when the instructor is aware of the affordances of
ChatGPT and knows how to guide students about its utilities.
However, It also proves that the dialogic nature of ChatGPT can be fully put to use when
students are adequately prepared. ChatGPT improves grammatical accuracy, which is in line
with the claims by Ohio University (2023) and Wang and Guo (2023). Though it is an expected
finding that strengthens results reported in Grammarly studies (Fitriana & Nurazani, 2022). The
findings of the study demonstrate that interactions facilitated by ChatGPT during the process of
writing has a direct positive impact on student learning. It positively influences how students
seek feedback, how they engage with it and how they make improvements in their academic. It
enables students to overcome the anxiety involved in asking for and receiving the desired kind
of feedback. In large classes, where feedback-related dialogue is a thorny issue, ChatGPT can be
a potential game-changer. It can provide tailored feedback that goes beyond the barriers of
language, time, and place. It may be safely claimed that students who may not be very
proficient in English can ask for and receive help in their own language on ChatGPT. The use of
ChatGPT in educational contexts has prompted concerns about its impact on student learning
results. ChatGPT, as an Al-based conversational agent, has the ability toassist students with a
wide range of academic duties, from clarifying concepts and offering assistance to enabling
debates and producing innovative ideas. According to (Yu, 2023) understanding the intricacies
of its impact on academic achievement, on the other hand, necessitates a thorough
investigation of the factors that moderate its efficiency. It is an important component to
consider while employing ChatGPT for instructional purposes. (Firat, 2023) states that
educators can improve academic achievements by designing prompts to maximize the utility
and relevance of ChatGPT output. Artificial Intelligence (Al) is transforming education, including
personalized learning experiences through platforms like ChatGPT.
Moreover, Al tools engage students like human tutors, enhancing efficiency and
effectiveness. However, concerns arise about potential drawbacks such as hindering critical
thinking and reducing human interaction (Greene-Harper, 2023). In November 2022, U.S.

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company OpenAl released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that draws upon a
large language database to generate responses from text-based inputs entered by humans.
While Al programs had existed for several years before the release of ChatGPT, the quality and
degree of sophistication of its outputs have sparked major academic integrity concerns about
how students might use these tools inappropriately for university assessments. Less than two
months after its release, some academics have detected up to one-fifth of students using Al
programs in assessment tasks (Cassidy, 2023). Regarding the future of education, ChatGPT has
the potential to bring many advantages and disadvantages (Nurtayeva et al., 2023). Although
ChatGPT has positive and negative aspects, it should not be forgotten that when considered
holistically, ChatGPT cannot replace a human, and the outputs must always be checked by an
expert (Koçyiğit, 2023). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are the two main elements
in the modern world. AI-powered chatbots, or more particularly Chat GPT, are among the most
significant inventions made useful by artificial intelligence (Tanvir et al., 2023). The integration
of Chat GPT in the educational sector has the potential to significantly impact students'
academic performance by providing them with personalized and interactive learning
experiences. The use of ChatGPT as “deeply harmful to a social understanding of knowledge
and learning” (Peters et al., 2023, p. 142) and having the potential to “kill creativity and critical
thinking” (Dwivedi et al., 2023, p. 25). Use of ChatGPT and memory loss.
Furthermore, Globally, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated feedback is fast
becoming a norm (Rad et al., 2023). Based on a large language model, ChatGPT, a relatively new
addition to the repertoire of AI tools, can provide meaningful writing samples (Barrot, 2023),
adjust the difficulty level of texts matching leaners’ proficiency level (Bonner et al., 2023), offer
advice regarding various structural aspects of a text and translate it (Imran & Almusharraf,
2023), and facilitate guided writing (Kohnke et al., 2023). These affordances can aid self-reliance
and fulfill instant feedback needs of students. It can provide human-like expert assistance to
students in idea generation, organization, maintaining accuracy and choosing appropriate
vocabulary (Tai et al., 2023). They have advanced automated writing evaluation (AWE) and
feedback in writing (Gayed et al., 2022). While the literature on Grammarly as a feedback tool
in the writing classroom is well-established (Fitriana & Nurazani, 2022; Koltovskaia, 2020; Thi &

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Nikolov, 2022). The use of AI chatbots like ChatGPT for leveraging feedback in writing classes is
a relatively new area and requires further investigation (Barrot, 2023).
In addition, Memory loss refers to a condition or a state in which an individual
experiences difficulty in recalling information or events from the past (Mateos et al., 2016).
Scholars indicate that cognitive, emotional, or physical conditions affect memory functioning
among individuals (Fortier-Brochu et al., 2012; Schweizer et al., 2018). We argue that excessive
use of ChatGPT may result in memory loss among students. Continuous use of ChatGPT for
academic tasks may develop laziness among the students and weaken their cognitive skills
(Yilmaz & Yilmaz, 2023a) leading to a memory loss. Over time, overreliance on generative AI
tools for academic tasks, instead of critical thinking and mental exertion, may damage memory
retention, cognitive functioning, and critical thinking abilities (Bahrini et al., 2023; Dwivedi et
al., 2023). Active learning, which involves active cognitive engagement with the content, is
crucial for memory consolidation and retention (Cowan et al., 2021). Since ChatGPT can quickly
respond to any questions asked by a user (Chan et al., 2023). Similarly, the excessively reliance
on ChatGPT, as a substitute for their critical thinking and problem-solving skills, may hinder
their ability to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter, which can harmfully
impact their academic performance (Abbas, 2023). Further, the high use of ChatGPT for
academic tasks could potentially lead to reduced mental engagement, thereby exacerbating the
risk of memory impairment (Bahrini et al., 2023; Dwivedi et al., 2023).
1.2. Statement of the problem

This study determines the impact of using Chat GPT in relation to the academic
performance of grade 12 students. Further it also aims to answer the following questions:

1. How does the purpose of Chat GPT used?

2. What is the effect of using Chat GPT on the Academic Performance of students?

3. Is there a significant relationship between using Chat GPT and Academic Performance?

4. Is there a significant differences between using Chat GPT and Academic Performance?

1.3. Objectives of the study

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 1.3.1 General Objective

This sought to determine the impact of using Chat GPT in relation to the academic
performance of grade 12 students

1.3.2 Specific Objective

Specifically, this study will seek to:

Determine the purpose of Chat GPT of the grade 12 students in Matangad National High
School.

Determine the effects of Chat GPT of the academic performance of the grade 12 students in
Matangad National High School.

Determine the significant relationship between using Chat GPT and Academic Performance.

1.4 Significance of the study

This study is significant:

To the learner's and students. The result of this study will help them to have an understanding
on how using Chat GPT affect on their academic performance.

To the Guardian and Parents. The result of this study will give them an understanding on how
using Chat GPT affect the academic performance of their children.

To the teachers. The result of this study can give them understanding on how Chat GPT impact
students performance and how can help them adapt their instructional methods.

To the staff and administrator. The result of this study will give them insight to guide decisiona
on integrating AI tools in the curriculum, ensuring that they align with educational goals and
standards.

1.5 Scope and delimitation of the study

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 This study aims to find the impact of using Chat GPT in relation to the academic
performance of grade 12 students. Grade 12 in the first semester. The respondent of the study
is the grade 12 students in Matangad National High School.The researcher will conduct a study
in the first semester during the month of September 2024 School Year 2024-2025. The
independent variable is the grade 12 students and the dependent variable is the impact of Chat
GPT in relation to the academic performance.

1.6 Definition of terms

Academic performance. refers to the measurement of students achievement across various

academic subject.

Chat GPT. refers to the objective of the study.

Grade 12 students. refers to the students of Matangad National High School.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chat GPT name is combines two things, "chat" refers to the artificial intellegence Al
chatbot and GPT stands for generative pre-trained transformer which is a language learning
model (WIKIPEDIA, 2023). Language learning model also refers as machine learning model that
is trained to do probability distribution through words. In simpler words, it predicts the best
possible response and words to fill in blank spaces, phrases, and sentences, (Alfexsoft, 2023).
Current ChatGPT's foundation is built on GPT 3.5 and GPT 4 models, it has been optimized and
fine-tuned for the public to use. Its prototype was initially launched in 30th November 2022,
and within 5 days they were able to reach 1 million users as compared to other online services
which is record breaking. In April 2023 they had 1.8 bilion visits, currently ChatGPT has 100
million users. (Duarte, 2023). According to (Firat, 2023) ChatGPT can be considered a valuable
tool for education. He also states that it can promote independent leaming as well as
autodidactic experiences which means a person's ability to leam a subject without a formal
education or training. (Firat. 2023) also considers it to be an adaptable and practical approach

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by further providing more personalized feedback and support, it can create more engagement
and motivation among the self-taught learners (All, Yousaf & Naveed, 2020). Aside from its
benefits (Debby R. E. Cottona et al., 2023) pointed out a few risks and challenges ChatGPT and
other language leaming models pose. Using ChatGPT increases the chances of plagiarism
meaning a student would use specific prompts to generate their assignments and submit that
Al-generated work as their own. This is a colossal challenge for higher education as it could
affect the critical and creative thinking of the student and would belittle their degrees. Another
challenge that ChatGPT poses is unfairness during assessment which means a person who has
done his honest hard work on his written assignment would be marked unfairly because the
other students might have used ChatGPT to create a well-written assignment.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has a short history, but has acquired
Popularity has risen dramatically in recent years. Early examples of artificial intelligence in
education date. Back in the 1960s, Joseph Weizenbaum developed ELIZA, a programme that
could imitate a Conversation with a person, AI tools for language processing, and
conversational agents existed. Since then, there have been major advances in natural language
processing. and conversational AI, culminating in the creation of a wide range of AI tools and
chatbots. This initial work laid the framework for the creation of more advanced AI-powered
Educational technologies and platforms are increasingly widely used in classrooms. In the
eighties and 1990s, the growth of personal computers and the internet enabled the
development of higher-level instructional software and online learning systems [6]. Prior to
providing Personalised education or tailoring to the needs of individual students, these early
The primary focus was on delivering content and conducting assessments. Early in the twenty-
first. century, advances in machine learning and natural language processing led to the
invention. increasingly sophisticated AI-powered instructional tools. In recent years, artificial
intelligence (AI). Technology has been progressively used in education in a variety of ways,
including Personalised learning, administrative work automation, and even tutoring and
mentorship. These technologies can help educators analyse student performance data, give
feedback, and Giving individualised instruction. Furthermore, virtual assistants and chatbots
driven by artificial intelligence are used to provide personalised support, answer questions, and

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help with administrative duties. A significant amount of data and computer tools are used to
make predictions relating A meaningful combination of words. Similarly, by November 2022,
artificial intelligence 'Open AI' has released a new viral bot named 'ChatGPT'. This bot attracted
millions. of users and investors, and scientists predict that it will eventually outperform
humans. Open AI As a breakthrough step, they developed a user interface that allows for direct
public experimentation [7]. Overall, the growth of AI tools has increased educational
opportunities and It is easier for educators to give students with personalised and effective
learning experiences. As artificial intelligence (AI) technology advances, we may expect even
more. Innovations in education and other aspects of society.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in education are on the rise and have received a lot
of attention in the last couple of years. AI and adaptive learning technologies are prominently
featured as important developments in educational technology in the 2018 Horizon report
(Educause, 2019), with a time to adoption of 2 or 3 years. AI tools like ChatGPT in education
enhances engagement and improves academic outcomes by catering to individual learning
needs. Artificial intelligence (Al), the ability of a digital computer or computer controlled robot
to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to
the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of
humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or leam from past
experience. (Britannica Encyclopedia). Integrating ChatGPT into the learning process can
positively influence Grade 12 students' academic performance by enhancing understanding,
engagement, and the quality of their work. Additionally, Frankenfield (2023) stated that
artificial intelligence embodies a system designed to carry out one particular job. Weak Al
systems include video games such as the chess example from above and personal assistants
such as Amazon's Alexa and Apple's Siri. You ask the assistant a question, and it answers it for
you. Strong artificial intelligence systems are systems that carry on the tasks considered to be
human-like. Weak artificial intelligence (AI), also known as narrow AI, is designed to perform
specific tasks and lacks general intelligence. Examples include personal assistants like Siri and

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Alexa, and game-playing systems such as chess bots. These systems excel at their designated
functions but cannot think or learn beyond their programming. In the other hand , strong AI
refers to systems that can perform tasks with human-like intelligence, capable of understanding
and reasoning across various contexts. Strong AI remains largely theoretical and has not yet
been fully realized.
Moreover, Both Kaushik (2023) and Torres (2022) highlight the prevalent use of Al in
education, emphasizing its role in providing personalized learning experiences. Kaushik
specifically mentions the utilization of Chatbots that offer continuous support and personalized
learning algorithms tailored to individual needs. Similarly, Torres focuses on Al-powered search
engines, like Google, facilitating swift access to diverse and high-quality educational content.
The impact of using ChatGPT on the academic performance of Grade 12 students is significant,
particularly in enhancing personalized learning experiences. As noted by Kaushik (2023) and
Torres (2022), AI technologies like ChatGPT play a crucial role in tailoring educational content to
meet individual student needs. In short,the integration of ChatGPT into the learning process
can positively influence the academic performance of Grade 12 students by providing
personalized support, enhancing engagement, and improving access to educational resources.
This aligns with the broader trend of using AI in education to create more individualized and
effective learning environments. Likewise, Seraj and Oteir (2022) found that utilizing Al to
enhance students critical thinking abilities had a positive impact. Al-based instruction not only
fostered trust, self-confidence, open-mindedness, and maturity in English among participants
but also contributed to the improvement of their critical thinking skills. The study highlights the
significance of critical thinking skills as foundational for 21st -century skilis, with Al-based
instruction playing a key role in facilitating their development.In short, using AI tools like
ChatGPT can boost Grade 12 students' academic performance by helping them develop
important critical thinking skills.
In addition, (Debby R. E. Cottona et al., 2023) pointed out a few risks and challenges
ChatGPT and other language leaming models pose. Using ChatGPT increases the chances of
plagiarism meaning a student would use specific prompts to generate their assignments and
submit that Al-generated work as their own. This is a colossal challenge for higher education as

9
it could affect the critical and creative thinking of the student and would belittle their degrees.
Another challenge that ChatGPT poses is unfairness during assessment which means a person
who has done his honest hard work on his written assignment would be marked unfairly
because the other students might have used ChatGPT to create a well-written assignment.

3. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Theoretical framework

Technology Acceptance Mode Theory (1989) by Davis. This theory (TAM) predict show
people will use and accept technology based on their behavioral intentions, which are in turn
influenced by how valuable they believe the technology to be for completing the task. This
theory can help the researchers to identify how the respondents often use technology in line of
chat GPT in the academic purposes and how chat GPT affect respondents academic
performance.
Constructivism Theory (1974),by Glasersfeld. In his constructivism theory, argued that
active mental creation and reflection are the best ways toacquire information. This theory can
help the researchers to investigate the impact of using Chat GPT as an active construction
process, researchers can explore how Chat GPT might support or hinder students' ability in
academic performance
Cognitive Load Theory (1988) by sweller's. This theory explains that our brain can only
process a limited amount of information at once. This theory can help the researchers can gain
insights into the potential benefits and challenges of AI in education. This knowledge can inform
the development of more effective and ethical AI-assisted learning environments that optimize
learning outcomes in terms of their academic performance.

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3.1 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 below shows the conceptual framework used in the study. The independent
variable is the Demographic profile, which includes three factors: sex, age, and socioeconomic
The Impact
status and the dependent of using in this framework is the study habits.
variable The academic
performance of the
Chat GPT
students
Independent Variable. Dependent Variable .

Figure 1. Conceptual framework that was used in the study.

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Title : THE IMPACT OF USING CHAT GPT IN RELATION TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
GRADE 12 STUDENTS

Instruction : Please rate how much you agree or disagree the following questions regarding the
responses provided by Chat GPT to introductory programming questions on a scale of 5
(strongly agree), 4 (agree), 3 (neutral), 2 (disagree) and 1 (strongly disagree). Please answer it
honestly.

Questions Strongly Agree(4) Neutral(3 Disagree Strongly

Agree(5) ) (2) Disagree(
1)

1. The explanation provided by Chat

GPT were easy to understand.

2. Chat GPT responses clearly

answered my questions.

3. The examples given by Chat GPT

were helpful for my learning.

4. Chat GPT provided useful code

piece and samples when needed.

5. I felt Chat GPT tailored (suitable)

its responses to my individual
questions.

6. I enjoy using Chat GPT for my

activities tasks.

7. Using Chat GPT makes me easier

to do my assignments.

8. I find Chat GPT easy to use in my

studies.

9. Using Chat GPT has improved my

ability to solve my academic
problems independently.

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10. Chat GPT has provided me with
valuable resources and references
for further learning.

11. Using Chat GPT has saved me

time finding relevant information for
my academic performance.

12. Are you satisfied or agree with

the responses by Chat GPT.

13. I would recommend Chat GPT as

a programming teaching assistant to
other students.

14. Overall, Chat GPT was useful

teaching assistant for my
programming questions.

15. The explanations provided were

complete and through (full).

16. The language and terminology

(terms) used was appropriate for
Introductory students.

17. The resources encouraged good

programming practice and problem-
solving skills.

18. Chat GPT can help students

brainstorm ideas organize their
thoughts and it can suggest relevant
keywords and sources to explore.

19. Chat GPT is useful tool to

improve academic writing skill.

20. Chat GPT can be recommended

to those students struggling in their
academics.

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