AIR DEFENCE AND

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

DEFTECH GLOBAL
2
 DEFTECH GLOBAL
SAFETY. PROTECTION. RELIABILITY.
PREFACE
Established in 2012, Deftech Global Ltd. has evolved into a renowned world-wide provider of a
wide range of special purpose goods and equipment. Additionally, our company offers qualified
services on repair, modernization and life extension of the relevant products. Deftech is closely
connected with leading OEMs in Ukraine and other post-Soviet and East European countries.
Deftech unique experience is based on its long-existing multinational ties and numerous
customers all-around the world both in governmental and private sectors. We are also proud to
have such a willing and highly-professional team of employees with the extensive backgrounds
in different contiguous spheres and markets.
Deftech is definitely a customer-oriented company striving to build and maintain close
companion relationships, which stand on trust and mutual understanding.
As a reliable partner, we focus on delivering high-quality products and services
adjusted to the customer needs at competitive prices within shortest periods.
We also consider our strength to be in an ability to work in tight time
schedule conditions within certain budget restrictions while
maintaining the highest standards and providing the optimal
results.
Deftech has the honour to present this deliberately
complained brochure which embraces our capabilities
in the sphere of air defence and electronic warfare,
suggesting up-to-date products and solutions.
Additionaly, in case you are interested in a full
list of the production offered by our company,
we kindly suggest to pay your attention to
Aviation, Navy, Land Forces and Law
Enforcement catalogues as well.

3
 CONTENT
RADARS Mobile radio-monitoring system
50
«ARGUS-M2»
3D air surveillance radar 80K6M 6
Complex for detection and direction finding
3D air space surveillance radar 36D6-M1 7 51
«VOSTOK-OP»
2D VHF surveillance radar P-180U 9 Stationary direction finding station
2D radar for low-altitude target P-190U 11 51
«VOSTOK-RP»
Radar P-18-MR 13 VHF-UHF band radio receiving device
52
Mobile coherent-pulse all-round «GALAKTIKA-U»
14
surveillance radar «DELTA» Stationary VHF-UHF band direction finding
52
Aerodrome surveillance radar ASR-22/AL 20 16 station «RUBEZH»
Stand-alone mobile secondary radar Man-portable direction finder «FILIN» 53
18
«TRACE-1» Panoramic signal detector of VHF-UHF band
53
Weapon detection radar 1L220U / 1L220UKC 20 «PANORAMA»
Surface short range radar 112L1 «BARSUK» 22 HF band radio receiving device 54
Surface short range radar 112L1-A «GALAKTIKA-M»
23
«BARSUK-A» HF band multichannel radio receiving 54
Surface and low-flying slow targets device «GALAKTIKA-4K»
24
detection radar 111L1 «LIS»
Surface targets detection radar 111L2
JAMMING SYSTEMS
25
«MANGUST» Automated radio-communication jamming
56
Mobile automated command post complex «MANDAT-B1E»
26 Mobile ground radio jamming system
«MODULE» 58
«LIMAN»
MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION Mobile full-band radio-electronic jamming
60
P-19 and P-18 radar modernization 29 station model JYT-MJ01
P-14 (5N84 «OBORONA», 5N84A) radar Jammer «SOKOL-3» 62
31
modernization Anti-bomb radio jamming system
64
Life extension & upgrade of ST-68U (19ZH6) «GARANT»
33
radar GPS / GLONASS jamming system «KUPOL» 65
Modernization of RSP-10 radar 35 Mobile optoelectronic countermeasure
66
system «KASHTAN-3M»
AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS Jamming system «VOYAGE» 67
Surface-to-Air missile (SAM) system Airborne radio-monitoring and electronic
38 68
S-125-2D warfare station
Short range shipborne air defence system Infra-red counter-measure system
40 69
«ARBALET-K» «ADROS» KT-01 AVE
DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE Station for optical-electronic suppression
71
RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEMS «ADROS» КТ-03 UE
Multifunctional target designation radar ASO-2V / ASO-2VM / ASO-2E / ASO-2EE7R
42 automatic radar and infrared jamming 72
complex «MINERAL-ME»
devices
Mobile communication intelligence complex
44 Complex aircraft protection system
«COMINT» 73
composition (technical offer)
VHF-UHF mobile radio-monitoring station
46 Satellite radio jamming station SPS-1 74
«BARVINOK-M»
Mobile HF band direction finding station Satellite radio communication suppression
48 75
«BERKUT» station
Mobile VHF-UHF band direction finding
48
station «SCORPION»
Mobile station for radio-monitoring of HF
49
frequency band «UKOL»

4
RADARS
 RADARS

3D AIR SURVEILLANCE RADAR 80K6M

OVERVIEW
Mobile 3-D air surveillance radar is designed
to detect low, medium and high altitude target
coordinates and may be used as:
- a part of anti-aicraft missile units to provide
targeting information to anti-aircraft missile
complexes;
- an information link in the air forces and air
defense units for air traffic control.

RADAR SYSTEM PROVIDES

- detection, tracking and measurement of the airborne target coordinates and their ground
speed under the conditions of no interference, natural noise and active or passive jamming as
well as under their combined effect;
- recognition of the aircraft IFF-equipment, individual and flight information gathering from
friendly aircraft, data representation and transferring to users;
- jamming station direction finding in elevation and azimuth;
- data transferring to off-line display facilities;
- interactions with command posts of regional and higher national ACP.

OPERATING FREQUENCY RANGE

Operating frequency range: S Target detection range, RCS=3-5 m2, At P=0.8,

F=10-6
minimum, km 6
In-flight altitude 100 m 40
maximum, km 400
In-flight altitude 1000 m 200
in azimuth, deg 360
In-flight altitude 10.. .30 km 300-350
in elevation (mode 1), deg 0...35
Clutter suppression, dB >50
in elevation (mode 2), deg 0...55
Simultaneously track capability 150-200
in altitude, km 40
IFF equipment built-in
Scanning interval, s 5 or 10
Number of transport units 1
Deployment/closing time, hour <0,1

6
 RADARS

3D AIR SPACE SURVEILLANCE RADAR 36D6-M1

OVERVIEW
Mobile 3D air surveillance radar 36D6-M1 is
designed to be used as a part of modern auto-
mated Air Defence systems and Anti-Aircraft
Missile complexes. What is more, this system
was constructed to detect low flying air targets
under active and passive jamming as well as
for Air Traffic Control both for military and civil
needs.
36D6-M1 Radar provides primary surveil-
lance of air space, identification, selection of
the most foreground target, automatic track-
ing and targeting to AD Control Post of aviation
or AAMC, can operate as stand-alone control
post.

TRANSPORTATION BASE AND OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS OF «36D6-M1»

Description Type of body Length Width Height Weight, t Transport vehicle

Radar СПП-15 13830 2890 3350 20 KrAZ-6446

Power station КП-10 9040 2870 3300 10,8 KrAZ-6322

7
 RADARS

3D AIR SPACE SURVEILLANCE RADAR 36D6-M1

CHARACTERISTICS
- High probability of detection of small air tar-
gets, hovered helicopters and targets slowly
moving tangentially to the radar
- Extremely accurate positional information
- Exceptional interference immunity against
jammers of all types
- Capability of jamming station direction find-
ing
- Automatic association of echo signals with
return signals of the built-in IFF equipment
- Capability to transmit radar information and
targeting over narrow band communication
channels
- High reliability
- High mobility
- Extreme stability of transmitter with true co-
herency

SPECIFICATIONS

Operation band S Resolution:

Instrumented range 90,180,360 km range 300m/at range of 90km
2
Detection range for low flying targets: RCS -1 m azimuth 3,5°
in-flight altitude 50m 31 km Track capability >200 tracks
in-flight altitude 100m 42 km Environmental conditions:
in-flight altitude 1000m 110-115 km temperature -40°C...+50°C
RCS - 0.1 m2 (cruise missile) humidity 98%
27 km
in-flight altitude 50 m
height 3000m
Azimuth coverage 360°
MTBF >800 hours
Elevation coverage -0,5°...30°
MTTR <30 min
RPM 6 and 12 rev/min
Suppression factor >48 dB
Accuracy:
range 50 m
azimuth 0.2°
altitude 400m

8
 RADARS

2D VHF SURVEILLANCE RADAR P-180U

OVERVIEW
Ground-based long-range VHF surveillance
radar P-180U is presented as a modernized fol-
low-on to its prototype, the analogue P-18.
As a result of modernization the radar’s de-
tection performance is efficiently improved.
Modernized radar features automatic track-
ing capability as well as data receiving from
other radar sensors. Data can be transferred
over a variety of communication channels.

DEPTH OF MODERNIZATION:
- Radar equipment cabin has been fully modernized. Frequency range is expanded to 140 - 180 MHz,
number of working frequencies increased from 4 to 200, capability of instantaneous electronic frequen-
cy agility is added. Radar transmitter and receiver feature solid-state components only. Transmitter has
a modular design and provides ‘soft-failure’ redundancy: failure of individual module leads to partial
performance degradation.
- Antenna-mast assembly is equipped with new asynchronous motor drive assembly controlled by fre-
quency inverter.
- P-180U radar remains a two-dimensional system and is used to find azimuth and range. Altitude can
be obtained by interfacing modernized height-finding radars. Parameters of transmitted signal as well
as parameters of signal processing after reception can be set at the operator workstation. Secondary
processing and tracking are performed at the remote workstation. Both workstations are installed in
equipment cabin.
- P-180U radar features efficient protection against pulse interference and active jamming. Level of in-
terference is continuously monitored and graphically represented to operator. Jamming protection is
achieved through the expansion of dynamic range of the signal processor and capability of electronic
frequency agility. Passive interference is rejected through digital adaptive MTI and generation of clutter
map.
- Number of vehicles in standard configuration has been decreased from 4 to 2. Two power generators
are accommodated in an individual compartment of the antenna-mast assembly vehicle. Other design
options are possible: radar equipment can be placed on a single semitrailer or on trailers without vehicle
chassis. Power generators can be placed on separate vehicles. Modernized P-18MA radar is adopted by
MoD of Ukraine for its Armed Forces.
P-180U RADAR FEATURES:
- metric band for «counter-Stealth» capability;
- maximum use of COTS components;
- stable, fail-soft, modular solid-state transmitter;
- built-in test equipment;
- no special adjustments required during operation;
- largely simplified maintenance;
- engineered for minimum cost of ownership.

9
 RADARS

2D VHF SURVEILLANCE RADAR P-180U

SPECIFICATIONS

VALUE BEFORE VALUE AFTER

PARAMETER
MODERNIZATION MODERNIZATION
Range of working frequencies, MHz 150-170 140-180
Frequency agility:
method for frequency agility electromechanical electronic
discreet steps 4 fixed frequencies 200 kHz
frequency setting accuracy n/a ±10 kHz
Types of transmitted probing pulses:
short pulse 6 μs 6 μs
phase shift keyed signals:
13-bit 13 х 6 μs
28-88 bit (28 – 88) х 6 μs
Transmitter pulse power 300 kW 8 kW
Capability of instant probing signal
Not implemented Implemented
power and structure changes
Detection range for a target with RCS of 2.5m2, Р=0.5
at antenna height of ha=6.35/10.35:
min range - 2,7 km
at altitude of Н=100 m 28/30 km 30/32 km
at altitude of Н=500 m 50/60 km 60/70 km
at altitude of Н=1000 m 65/75 km 70/80 km
at altitude of Н=3000 m 90/110 km 110/120 km
at altitude of Н=10000 m 175/250 km 300/360 km
Detection accuracy:
range 1400 m 180 m
azimuth 1.50 0.40
Resolution:
range 2000 m 1100 m
azimuth 80 80
Range of adaptive MTI - 0-400 km
Clutter suppression ratio - > 40 dB
Dynamic range of receiver and digital signal processor - > 100 dB
Automatic control of modernized height-finders - Implemented
Number of controlled height-finders - up to 4
Start-up time 8 min 3 min
Power consumption 10 kW up to 6 kW

10
 RADARS

2D RADAR FOR LOW-ALTITUDE TARGET P-190U

OVERVIEW
2D Surveillance Radar for low-altitude target de-
tection P-190U implements all of the modern design
methods.
P-190U is a result of the longstanding experience
of Ukrainian OEMs in manufacturing up-to-date
high-tech equipment for Air Defense, Air Force and
Air Traffic Control customers from many countries
around the globe. Customers who have P-19 radars
that have seen their service life expire can now ex-
tend it with this P-190U modernization program.

MAIN FEATURES:
- full coherence is implemented, due to the significant improvements in radar performance;
- a wide range of narrow and broadband probing signals enabling radar adaptation to various combat conditions;
- digital signal processing, including matched filtration, clutter and active jamming suppression, target detection and
coordinate measuring, target tracking and data distribution to consumers;
- practically approved reliable software with user-friendly interface;
- only COTS components are used from renowned suppliers - this coupled with quality system approval guarantees the
high level of reliability.
ADVANTAGES OF P-190U:
- large number of probing signals, ability to choose the best depending on the air situation, jamming and combat condi-
tions. For instance, narrow band for near field (good detection against clutter background), broadband for long range
(large detection range, especially for smaller size targets);
- parameters of probing signal - working frequency, modulation type, waveform - are all reconfigurable;
- reconfiguration of signal parameters can be carried out via program or randomly (plus, reconfiguration of probing signal
parameters does not affect the quality of clutter suppression);
- increase of signal to noise ratio due to matched filtration of received signals, increase of detection range and accuracy;
- significant (up to 100dB) increase of a dynamic range resulting in high jamming immunity and suppression of clutter and
weather formations;
- efficient algorithms for clutter suppression with wind speed compensation;
- automatic combining of amplitude and coherent channels which decreases signal loss and increases detection range
and accuracy;
- implemented functions of a radar extractor for post-detection signal processing (detection, location measuring, plots
generation, clutter map, scan-to-scan processing, stabilization of false target generation, processing of identification
signals, data distribution to consumers);
- low power consumption;
- user-friendly design for easy operation (maintenance) of radar;
- efficient monitoring system of all components.
DEJAMMING CAPABILITIES
A range of hardware and software solutions are implemented in the radar P-190U enabling suppression of the following
kinds of jamming:
- nonsynchronous and chaotic pulse noise;
- response pulse noise;
- active noise jamming.
Suppression of pulse noise is implemented in software and enables full suppression of pulse noise.
For suppression of active noise jamming including interfering from TV centres, radios and other sources the following
steps are implemented:
- automatic monitoring of active noise conditions and automatic adaptive working frequency hopping 0.4 MHz discreet;
- high dynamic range of signal processing system (of the receiver and digital signal processing unit) - 105dB;
- extra expansion of dynamic range (by 30 dB) through automatic gain control;
- 4-channel dejammer of active jamming is offered as an option, providing jamming suppression of 32 dB (at SNR of 40
dB).

11
 RADARS

2D RADAR FOR LOW-ALTITUDE TARGET P-190U

RADAR DESIGN
Design of the radar can be changed in accordance with customer requirements. Radar equipment can be placed on ZIL,
KrAZ, KAMAZ vehicle chassis (and similar) or in a fixed-position shelter. As an option, this equipment can be installed in a
modified hardware compartment of the P-19 radar. A partition is inserted in this configuration in order to separate hardware
and operating personnel. The advantage of this option is that it lowers the price of the radar.
All the equipment has been installed in one compartment. Hardware is mounted on the walls on specially designed
frames providing easy access to all composite elements and easy maintenance.
There are operator working positions and remote working position with seats for operating personnel.
The mast antenna assembly is placed on a separate vehicle (trailer). Power supply system is placed on a separate
trailer(s) or on the antenna trailer. Power from industrial mains can also be arranged.

SPECIFICATIONS VALUE
Frequency band 820-890 MHz, 0.4 MHz discreet
Measured parameters azimuth, range
Radar coverage:
min range 1.5 km
max range 300 km
Location accuracy:
range 90 m
azimuth 0.3°
bearing of active jammers 1.5°
Resolution:
range 550 m
azimuth 5°
Jamming immunity:
Against active jamming:
automatic monitoring of clutter conditions and automatic adaptive
+
working frequency hopping 0.4 MHz discreet
high dynamic range of signal processing system (of the receiver and
+
digital signal processing unit) - 105dB
extra expansion of dynamic range (by 30 dB) through automatic gain
+
control
4-channel dejammer of active jamming is offered as an option, providing
option
jamming suppression of 32 dB (at SNR of 40 dB)
Against passive jamming:
clutter suppression ratio (factor) not less than 50 dB
working zone of the MTI system 0-300 km, adaptive MTI, clutter map
Against nonsynchronous pulse jamming: full suppression
Target detection mode, tracking:
plots per scan up to 1000
number of tracks up to 150
active jammer tracking up to 36
fully automatic, on condition of installation
Height-finder control mode (option):
of height-finder extractors
number of controlled height-finders up to 4
FA guidance modes and ADMS targeting (options): +
Operating conditions:
temperature -40°... +50°
relative humidity 95%
max asl 2500 m
Combat crew 3
Start-up time 40 sec.
Set-up/tear down time up to 20 min
Power consumption 5 kW (without air conditioning system)

12
 RADARS

RADAR P-18-MR
OVERVIEW
Ground-based, mobile, jamming protected radar
for aerial and maritime target designation P-18-MR
has been developed for digital processing of the data
obtained in regards to aerial and maritime targets
designation, identification and tracking.
The radar is able to automatically designate the
target’s current coordinates (azimuth, slant range,
direction, speed and altitude) and trajectory of the
stealth targets.
Radar complex includes crew training simulator
facilities.
The radar is protected against active and passive
jamming. Automatic elimination of radar signal radia-
tion zone ensures increased survivability of the radar.

SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency band 145-175 MHz
Number of air targets pursued simultaneously by the radar 256
Range of small size low flying targets identification (altitude 300 m) 100 km
Maximal height of target identification 20 000 m
Maximal range of identification 500 km
Minimal distance of target designation 5 km
Fixed frequency shifting time  0.005 sec
Remote control unit distance from the radar complex  5000 m
Breakdown operation time  3000 hours
Turn-on time radar  3 min
Deployment time (5 persons crew) 45 min
Power consumption  7 kW
Weather conditions -40° - +50°C
range 180 m
RMS error of target coordinates designation while no
azimuth 0.4°
jamming conditions
speed 12 m/sec
as per distance 1200 m
Resolution capability as per azimuth  6°
as per speed 3 m/sec
Radar work site Altitude (compared to the sea level)  3000 m

13
 RADARS

MOBILE COHERENT-PULSE ALL-ROUND SURVEILLANCE RADAR «DELTA»

OVERVIEW
«DELTA» is a modern mobile twodimensional pulse
coherent solid-state radar for surface and air sur-
veillance, which has got low probability interception
of its electromagnetic radiation. It delivers in a fully
automatic way the current coordinates of any target
located within its detection area.
This mobile radar could be installed on transport
vehicles (automobiles, armored personnel carriers,
infantry combat vehicles etc.) which allow arranging
its operation in uplands in order to assure necessary
viewing conditions.
«DELTA» analyzes space in azimuth by the contin-
uous rotation of its aerial system, which is mechani-
cally driven.

MAIN PURPOSE:
- observation of air and ground situation in the zone of location of particularly important objects;
- monitoring of economic and customs zones with the aim to prevent smuggling and terrorist actions.
RADAR PROVIDES:
- automatic detection and tracking of airplanes, helicopters, deltaplanes, ground and surface targets at
any time of day and year, at rain, fog, dust, and sandstorms;
- recording of selected paths of targets and transmission of data to police, border guard, customs, and
security agencies as well as generation of alarm signal.
MAIN FEATURES:
- solid-state transceiver;
- digital generation of complex-modulated sounding signals;
- digital processing of signals and information on paths;
- high efficiency of detection of moving targets under exposure of intensive passive interferences;
- application of non-parametric algorithms of automatic detection, making it possible to get rid of false
target blips regardless of the existing interference situation;
- automatic measurement of coordinates and generation of routes of moving targets;
- visual display of radar-derived situation on a LCD screen;
- automated control of operating modes from a portable computer;
- documenting of operation results.
RADAR TECHNICAL FEATURES
• Low peak power radiated; • Signal processing - digital on IF;
• Peak power stepped control; • Clutter suppression - digital MTI plus FFT;
• Coherent pulse train radiated; • Extractor - automatic digital with CFAR;
• Coherent echo signal integration; • Tracking filter - Kalman type filter;
• Serviceability monitoring – fully automatic; • High reliability;
• Solid-state transmitter; • Display - multicolour LCD panel;
• Sounding signal forming – digital on IF; • Easy installation.
• Sounding signals – pulses with linea frequency modulation;
• Mulfunction detection – semi automatic up to plug-in units;
• Frequency oscillation – generation by digital synthezators;

14
 RADARS

MOBILE COHERENT-PULSE ALL-ROUND SURVEILLANCE RADAR «DELTA»

SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency I band
Bandwidth 150Mhz
Coverage up to 96 km - in range
360° - in azimuth
50...60 m - in range
Resolution:
1,0...1,5°- in azimuth
Maximum detection range:
• small air target 8...20 km
• small surface target up to horizon
20...40 m - in range
Accuracy
4…6 mrad - in azimuth
Tracking target number up to 50
Noise figure 3dB
Peak Power from 8 W up to 80 W
Pulse width 64; 32; 16; 4 sec
Signal bandwidth about 5 MHz
PRF about 1,4 2,5 3,8 6,7 kHz
Antenna gain 32 dB
Antenna beamwidth 0,8...1,2°-in azimuth
about 10° - in elevation
Polarization horizontal
Rotating rate 20; 10; 5 rpm
Signal processing Digital with PLM
Extracting automatic digital with CFAR
Data processing digital with PLM
Serviceabilitty monitoring fully automatic in work process
Mulfunction detection semi automatic up to plug-in units
Data registration up to 50 trajectories
Interface RS-422; Ethernet; CAN 2.0
Readiness time up to 2 minutes
Power consumption up to 500 W (50 Hz, 220 V)
Equipment mass up to 300 kg

15
 RADARS

AERODROME SURVEILLANCE RADAR ASR-22/AL

Aerodrome surveillance radar ASR-22/AL is intended positioned in a Control Tower. ASR-22/AL can be remotely
for surveillance and air traffic control within terminal air- controlled from Tower.
space. ASR-22/AL combines primary and secondary
channels working on the same antenna as well as sidelobe ASR-22/AL is intended for 24/7/365 operations and is
suppression channel for improvement of detection capa- equipped with UPS guaranteeing 10 minutes of operational
bility. Primary channel of ASR-22/ AL operates in L-band time in case of mains failure.
(ICAO), secondary channel uses standard frequencies for
All air situation is automatically recorded with playback
RBS (interrogation – 1030 MHz, response – 1090 MHz)
capability in passive and interactive modes.
and optionally Eastern IFF (interrogation – 1030 MHz, re-
sponse – 740 MHz). COMPOSITION

PRINCIPLES OF MODERNIZATION ASR-22/AL is structurally divided into two parts and con-
sists of equipment shelter and antenna-feed system with ro-
Radar features automatic tracking capability as well tary support connected by set of cables.
as data receiving from other radar sensors. Data can be
transferred over variety of communication channels. Ra- JAMMING AND INTERFERENCE PRO-
dar transmitter and receiver feature solid state components TECTION
only. Transmitter has modular design and provides ‘soft-fail-
ure’ redundancy: failure of individual module leads to partial ASR-22/AL features efficient protection against pulse in-
performance degradation. terference and active jamming. Level of interference is con-
tinuously monitored and graphically represented to the op-
Parameters of transmitted signal as well as parameters erator. Jamming protection is achieved through expansion of
of signal processing after reception can be set at the opera- the dynamic range of the signal processor and capability of
tor workstation, secondary processing and tracking are per- electronic frequency agility. Passive interference is rejected
formed at remote workstation. Remote workstation can be through digital adaptive MTI and generation of clutter map.

16
 RADARS

AERODROME SURVEILLANCE RADAR ASR-22/AL

SPECIFICATIONS

PSR SSR
1030 – interrogation
Range of working frequencies, MHz 1250 – 1350
1090 – RBS response
Frequency agility:
- method for frequency agility electronic –
- discreet steps 400 kHz –
Types of transmitted probing pulses:
- AM, μs 1.5 Interrogation code in
phase shift keyed signals: modes A and C
- 13-bit 19.5 μs
- 28-88 bit (28 – 88) x1.5 μs tP= 0.8 μs
Transmitter pulse power 4 kW 1 kW
Detection range for a target with RCS of 2.5m2, Р=0.5:
- minimum range 1000 m 2.7 km
- maximum range 100 km 150 km
Detection accuracy:
- range 100 m 100 m
- azimuth 0.4° 0.4°
Resolution:
- range 250 m 150 m
- azimuth 5° 5°
Range of adaptive MTI 0-160 km
Clutter suppression ratio > 35 dB
Dynamic range of receiver and digital signal processor > 40 dB
Start-up time 3-5 min
Power consumption less than 10 kW

17
 RADARS

STAND-ALONE MOBILE SECONDARY RADAR «TRACE-1»

OVERVIEW
Mobile stand-alone automatic solid-state sec-
ondary surveillance radar with phased-array anten-
na operates in radar surveillance systems of NATO
Mk XA (Mk XII) «Parol», international RBS ATC sys-
tems and «friend-or-foe» systems, delivering radar
information to radio-technical units of Air Defence,
Air Force, AAMS and ATC.
The radar can be transported by road, rail and
sea. KrAZ chassis is used as prime mover vehicle.
The radar is deployed and closed down without
use of any auxiliary lifting mechanisms.

PURPOSES
Automatic detection, coordinate determination,tracking and identification of airborne targets, equipped
with transponders of secondary radar and identification systems RBS «Parol» and MK XA (MKXII).
FEATURES
- Two-band phased antenna array RBS, «Parol», MK XA;
- Solid-state modular transmitter;
- High-efficient computing means of primary and secondary information processing based on signal pro-
cessors and industrial computers;
- High-efficient automatic BITE system with a failure indication of each LRU.

SPECIFICATIONS VALUE
Coverage:
range, km 2-360
azimuth, deg 360
height, km 25
Coordinate determination error:
range, m 100
azimuth, min <50
Qualitative indices of track information:
tracking quality ratio 0,95
false track ratio 0,0001
Throughput capacity, minimum «TRASSA» 250
Output information track
Data read-out and transfer Automatic

18
 RADARS

STAND-ALONE MOBILE SECONDARY RADAR «TRACE-1»

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Band dm
Power consumption, kW 8-10
Deployment time, min 30
Road transport speed:
highway, km/hour 60
country road, km/hour 30
Number of transport units 1
MTBF, hours 1000
MTTR, minutes 30
Continuous operation time, hours 72
Turn-on time, minutes 3
Electric power supply system automatic (with stand-by), industrial supply mains
Environmental conditions:
ambient temperature, °C -40...+50
relative air humidity, % 98% at 25°C
altitude, m 3000
wind speed, m/s 30

19
 RADARS

WEAPON DETECTION RADAR 1L220U / 1L220U-KC

OVERVIEW

1L220U (1L220U-KC) battlefield phased-array

fire-control radar is designed to establish the coor-
dinates of hostile artillery, mortars, multiple-launch
rocket systems and tactical missile batteries, pro-
vide targeting data for counter-fire operations and
monitor friendly fall of shot. The system’s phasedar-
ray, electronics, operator workstations, navigation
and communications subsystems and power supply
are installed aboard the armoured tracked chassis,
with a second cross-country wheeled ‘spares and
accessories’ vehicle providing support. Other sys-
tem’s functions include threat-type identification,
impact-point forecasting, collection of battlefield
reconnaissance data and information hand-off to
higher commands and associated weapon systems.

THE COMPLEX IS CAPABLE TO QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY ACCOMPLISH THE FOL-

LOWING:
• identification of the firing system class: mortars, MBRL, artillery, tactical missiles;
• forecasting of the enemy impact points;
• collection of reconnaissance data concerning the battlefield, estimation of width and depth of enemy
batteries location (orientation) and transfering of reconnaissance data to the command posts of the
Higher Command and to the command posts of the cooperative fire units.
IT IS DESIGNED FOR:
• reconnaissance by the first shot of enemy artillery, Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) Fire Position
(FP) coordinates, enemy tactical missiles Launching Positions (LP) coordinates, and transmission of
target designation signals to friendly units;
• check of impacts and adjustment of the friendly fire means.
EMPLOYMENT OF COMPLEX 1 L220U (1 L220U-KC) AND ARTILLERY OR MBRL BAT-
TALIONS ENABLES:
• effective firing activity under the conditions of reduced visibility and enemy electronic counter-mea-
sures;
• increase of reconnaissance and killing area by 8 to 10 times comparing to battalions equipped with
standard facilities;
• reduction of fire mission execution time by 1,5 to 2 times;
• reduction of the ammunition depletion by 2,5 to 3 times;
• creation of reconnaissance fire and reconnaissance-attack systems.
COMPLEX 1L220U (1L220U-KC) IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL. IT IS PROVIDED WITH FLEX-
IBLE HARDWARE AND ALGORITHMIC FACILITIES THAT MAY BE EASILY ADAPTED FOR EX-
ECUTION OF VARIOUS COMBAT MISSIONS IN CASES OF:
• wide-spread conflicts involving considerable concentration of forces and armament in complicated ra-
dio electronic and target situation;
• limited intervention aimed to suppress the wide-dispersed fire means;
• peacekeeping operations intended to control the fire halt observance over a large territory.

20
 RADARS

WEAPON DETECTION RADAR 1L220U / 1L220U-KC

SPECIFICATIONS

DESCRIPTION 1L220U 1L220U-KC

Reconnaissance/check range of fire positions, km
artillery 30
mortars 30
MBRL 30/50
tactical missiles 55/80
Electronic surveillance sector, deg. 60 90
Deployment/Closing time, min 5/3 10/15
Crew per shift, persons 3 5
MTBF h>100 h>400

WEGHT AND OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS

TYPE LENGTH, MM WIDTH, MM HEIGHT, MM WEIGHT, T CHASSIS TYPE
1L220U-KC 11500 3250 3350 39,5 ГM 5951
1L220U 9214 3160 3800 23,5 KrAZ 63221

21
 RADARS

SURFACE SHORT RANGE RADAR 112L1 «BARSUK»

OVERVIEW
Portable radar 112L1 Barsuk was designed for
detection of moving personnel and vehicles (patrol
version) with the aim of reconnaissance or protec-
tion of territory.
It provides detection of the targets round the
clock under the low visibility conditions (rain, fog,
snow etc.).
Detected targets are reflected on built-in indicator
in form of amplitude of the signal with mark of range.
Recognition mode allows to specify range and azi-
muth of the target and classify it by acoustic spectrum
(single person, group of persons, animal, vehicle).
Solid-state transmitter of the radar is implement-
ed in microstrip version.
Low weight of the radar allows it to carry on the
operator’s chest and survey area of view by body ro-
tation. This radar is handy for search and pursuit of
intruders.

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Coverage:
azimuth 0-360°;
range 0-2 km
Detection range of targets with radial velocity 2-50 km/h:
single person 1200 m
vehicle 1600 m
armored vehicle 2000 m
Resolution:
azimuth 1,5°
range 25 m
Frequency 36 GHz
Transmitter power 60 mW
Antennae aperture 90 mm
Power source - built-in rechargable battery 12 V, 3 Ah
Power consumption 8W
Operating temperature range - 30 ... + 50°C
Wind speed up to 15 m/s
Weight with battery 5,5 kg

22
 RADARS

SURFACE SHORT RANGE RADAR 112L1-A «BARSUK-A»

OVERVIEW
112L1-A «BARSUK-A» is a surface radar of remote
guarding, mounted on a support-rotating device
with remote control of azimuth and elevation angles,
which provides automatic detection and recognition
of personnel, ground and surface moving vehicles. It
also keeps security of specified responsibility zone
round the clock and all the year round under limited
visibility conditions.
RS-422 (485) is used for data transfer.
Targets detection and identification happens in
automatic mode, at the same time targets marks
displays at monitor. Targets data are automatically
logged specifying their number, range, azimuth and
class (personnel - vehicle) snap to map. There is a
possibility to choose high alert and blank areas man-
ually.
Possibility of recognition via sound channel is pro-
vided.
The radar outputs electronic alarm information to the monitor of central guard console.
The radar operates in millimeter band , which practically harmless for human body and does not interfere
with other radio means or with the other same product if operating at the distance more than 50.

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Coverage:
by azimuth 360°
by elevation ±15°
by range 0 - 1.6 km
Detection range of targets moving with radial velocity of 2-50 km/h:
single person 1.2 km
vehicle, ship 1.6 km
armoured vehicle 1.6 km
Radar resolution:
by angle 3°
by range 25 m
Frequency 36 GHz
Transmitter’s power 60 mW
Rotation speed (4-20)%
Type of radiated signal continuous with phase code modulation
Antennae aperture 90 mm
Operating temperatures from - 30 to + 50°C
Relative humidity up to 100%
Wind speed up to 25 m/s
Weight 10 kg

23
 RADARS

SURFACE AND LOW-FLYING SLOW TARGETS DETECTION RADAR 111L1 «LIS»

OVERVIEW
111L1 LIS Radar is designed for detection of mov-
ing people and vehicles, slow low-flying and surface
targets in order to maintain security and reconnais-
sance support.
The radar provides automatic detection and lo-
cation of targets at any time of the year under the
conditions of rain, fog, precipitation, smoke or dust,
in abscence of optical visibility. All the targets are
displayed on the LCD indicator along with azimuth
and range data.
Digital forming methods of signal, filtering, auto-
matic detection and coordinates measurement are
used.
Target recognition mode allows to specify full tar-
get range, its direction and to make further classifica-
tion of the target (such as man, group, vehicle, heli-
copter, jam etc.), after listening to the specific sound
spectrum of a signal.

Basic version of the radar offers its installation on vehicles and includes facilities for automatic antenna sys-
tem leveling, using data from built-in accelerometric horizon sensors. The radar can be installed on APC or ACV.
The radar operation is harmless to the human body. Millimetre bandwidth doesn’t create interferences with
other radio-technical systems. It is also not influenced by interferences of other systems, because there is no
equipment working in this bandwidth. Millimetre bandwidth beam is less influenced by water surface than the
beam of centimeter bandwidth, which enables more precise small-target detection of surface targets.

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Coverage:
by azimuth -60...+60° with possibility of random sector reducing
0 - 15 km with possibility of random scan zone selection
by range
within a given range
Full Scan Time (120°, 15 km) 25-30 sec
Target detection range (radial speed 2-50 km/h): up to 15 m/s
single person 5 km
vehicle 10 km
armored vehicle 10km
ship 10 km
Radar resolution range:
bearing 1°
range 15
Power consumption not more than 65 W
Operation temperature range -30°C...+60°C (-20°C...+50°C for remote display)
Radar weight with leveling platform not more than 40 kg
Setting-up procedure does not exceed 5 min.

24
 RADARS

SURFACE TARGETS DETECTION RADAR 111L2 «MANGUST»

OVERVIEW
111L2 MANGUST is developed for surface and
low-speed (low-flying) target detection. It can be eas-
ily used for securing of land and water frontier areas
as well as to combat fields observations. Hardware of
this portable radar can be transported in two carrying
cases and operated by two men.
The radar provides targets search, detection and
mapping automatically in continuous radiation mode
(millimeter band). Target detection and localization
are processed by operator’s console processor. The
console display shows circle diagrams and tables,
featuring number of the target, together with range
and azimuth. High alert and blank area can be set up
by operator.
The radar operation is completely harmless to hu-
man body. Millimetre bandwidth doesn’t create inter-
ferences with other radio-technical systems. In ad-
dition to this, it is not influenced by interferences of
other systems, because no equipment exists to work in this bandwidth. Millimetre bandwidth beam is less in-
fluenced by water surface than the beam of centimeter bandwidth, which enables more precise small-target
detection of surface goals.

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Coverage 360° and sector scan
Detection range (km):
person 5
car 7
armored vehicle 10
ship 10
Resolution:
azimuth (deg) 1
range (m) 15
Operator’s console: Notebook
Power source:
primary source accumulator 12 V
power consumption (W) 65
Operational conditions:
temperature (°C) -30...+50
Mobility:
weight 40 kg in two packs, 20 kg each
setting-up time (min) 5
remote control distance (m) 50

25
 RADARS

MOBILE AUTOMATED COMMAND POST «MODULE»

OVERVIEW
MODULE Mobile Automated Control Post (C2
system) is the basic component of Automated Sys-
tem of reception, processing and transmitting of the
radar data.
It is designed to provide automated collection,
processing and displaying of data from radar posi-
tions (primary and secondary, analog and digital)
and radio height finders; transmitting of processed
and integrated information about air situation to the
high-leveled Command Posts.
«MODULE» is a modern processing system capa-
ble to input, handle and combine data from several
sources. It provides connection of virtually all types
of radar stations, including old-fashioned analogue,
without degradation of their technical parameters.
The processed data can be used for target alloca-
tion/designation, and transmitting of control and
direction commands to AD missile and fighter-inter-
ceptor units.

FUNCTIONS
• automatic extraction and processing of radar data from 2-coordinates analogue radar stations;
• automatic (automated) extraction and processing of data from radio height-finders with analogue out-
put;
• automatic reception and processing of data from the connected radar positions with digital output;
• automatic initiation and maintenance of target trajectories (up to 200 simultaneously);
• automatic correlation, combining and trajectory processing of coordinate information from all channels
of the connected radar;
• automatic combining and correlation of trajectory information from different connected radar sources;
• input and processing of data from cooperating CP and other automated data sources;
• displaying of air situation, command and diagnostic data to the operative staff;
• generating and transmitting of the required information to the higher, cooperating and supported CP
(ADM, FA units);
• generating and transmitting of commands and instructions to the subordinated radar facilities and com-
mand posts (including height-finder control commands);
• reception, processing, displaying and transmitting of messages about combat readiness and combat
actions of the controlled and subordinated units and facilities;
• recording (registration) of air situation data, control commands, combat readiness messages, informa-
tion about combat actions and technical state of the facilities;
• voice data recording;
• automated preparation and compilation of reports;
• automated complex and independent training of combat crews;
• automatic online control of system functioning and online diagnostics of technical state of the equip-
ment.
ADVANTAGES
• Module design principle;
• Unification of hardware, data processing tools and facilities;
• Capability of connection and usage in automatic mode of different types of radar data sources - analog
and digital radars;
• Easy upgradeability and extendibility according to customer requirements.

26
 RADARS

MOBILE AUTOMATED COMMAND POST «MODULE»

SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL DATA VALUE

Number of simultaneously tracked and controlled targets
200 (40)
(including active jammers)
Operation Limits:
coordinates (km) 1600
height (km) 0-99
speed (km/h) to 3600
Accuracy parameters:
coordinates (m) 200
height (m) 10-300
corresponds to the revolution period of main
Height information renewal period
radar
Target initiation and tracking mode automatic
Track initiation period 3 revolution periods of the main radar
Interfaced radar types:
analogue P-18, P-14, 5N84, 5N84A, 44G6, 5N87, P-37
digital 19G6, 35D6, 22G6, 55G6 and similar
Interfaced radio height-finders PRV-9, 11, 13, 16, 17
Number of simultaneously connected radar data sources:
remote 8
local 8 (including up to 4 height-finders)
Number of simultaneously interfaced users no limitations
Data transmitting rate in the data line (bps) 9600
Types of interfaced automation complexes:
Electronic Reconnaissance 68K6, 5N60, 5N93M, 5D91, 86G6, 5U69
Air Defense Missiles 5N75, 5S99, 5N37, 73N6, 9S52, 9S52M
Fighter Aviation 5K34
Data Exchange protocols with interfaced facilities and ASTERIX; other protocols - as required by inter-
command posts faced unit
Provides operative and command speaker-
Speakerphone and Telephone
phone
and telephone connection, and transceivers
Communication Equipment
control
Mean time between failures (MTBF) (hours) 10000
Power consumption (kW):
main equipment and facilities up to 2
supplementary equipment (light, heating, conditioning) up to 4
Time of deployment (hours) less than 1
Time of closing down (hours) less than 1
Number of transportation units 1
Operating personnel:
engineer 1
maintenance technician 1
driver-electrician 1

27
MODERNIZATION
AND LIFE EXTENSION
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

P-19 AND P-18 RADAR MODERNIZATION

OVERVIEW
P-19 and P-18 radars modernization is intended
to restore radars performance characteristics af-
ter long-term service. Modernization is carried out
by high-skilled specialists on flexible conditions to
meet customers needs.
NEW POSSIBILITIES AND ADVANTAGES:
- significant increase of detection range, accuracy,
jamming immunity, numbers of plots and tracks,
reliability;
- significant (up to 100dB) increase of a dynamic
range resulting in high jamming immunity and
suppression of clutter and weather formations;
- implemented functions of a radar extractor for
post-detection signal processing (detection, lo-
cation measuring, plots generation, clutter map,
scan-to-scan processing, stabilization of false
target generation, processing of identification
signals, data distribution to consumers);
- large number of probing signals, ability to choose the best one depending on the air situation, jamming
and combat conditions;
- reconfigurable (via program or randomly) parameters of probing signal - working frequency, modulation
type, waveform;
- efficient algorithms for clutter suppression with wind speed compensation;
- automatic combining of amplitude and coherent channels that decreases signal loss and increases de-
tection range and accuracy;
- implementation of automatic built-in diagnostic system.
Fully automatic primary processing of the radar data eliminates from the process one of its weakest links
- a human-operator - and allows the separation of radar and command post by distance, this significantly
increases system survivorship and minimizes the threat of being destroyed by homing missiles.
THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT IS INSTALLED IN A HARDWARE COMPARTMENT RE-
PLACING THE EXISTING EQUIPMENT:
- solid-state transmitter;
- solid-state receiver;
- digital signal processing system;
IN ADDITION, THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT CAN BE SUPPLIED ON CUSTOMER RE-
QUEST:
- 4-channel dejammer;
- height-finder control software and equipment;
- software for guiding fighter aviation;
- software for targeting ADS;
- equipment for documentation.
FEATURES:
- all solid state design; - remote working position;
- improved combat performance features; - air conditioning system;
- improvement of radar maintenance; - power and lighting distribution unit;
- extension of radar service life; - fire-control system;
- full coherence; - switchboard.
- operator working position;

29
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

P-19 AND P-18 RADAR MODERNIZATION

30
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

P-14 (5N84 «OBORONA», 5N84A) RADAR MODERNIZATION

OVERVIEW
Modernization of early-warning VHF radar 5N84A
(5N84, 44Zh6 or P-14) offers the best (in terms of
efficiency/cost ratio) alternative to restoration or re-
pair of legacy prototypes.
As a result of modernization the radar’s detection
performance is efficiently improved. Modernized
radar features automatic tracking capability as well
as data receiving from other radar sensors. Data
can be exchanged over a variety of communication
channels.
DEPTH OF MODERNIZATION:
Radar’s equipment cabin has been fully modern-
ized. Metric band is preserved, however the num-
ber of working frequencies has been sufficiently
increased from 4 to 200, the capability of instanta-
neous electronic frequency agility has been added
as well. The radar transmitter and receiver feature
solid-state components only. Transmitter has a
modular design which provides ‘soft-failure’ redundancy: failure of individual module leads to partial per-
formance degradation.
Antenna-mast assembly is equipped with the new asynchronous motor drives controlled by frequency
inverters.
Modernized 5N84AMA radar remains a two-dimensional system and it is used to find azimuth and range.
Altitude can be obtained by interfacing modernized height-finding radars. Parameters of the transmitted
signal as well as parameters of the signal processing after reception can be set at the operator worksta-
tion, while secondary processing and tracking are performed at remote workstation. Both workstations are
installed in the equipment cabin.
As an option, ground interrogator can be controlled in auto- and semiautomatic modes with assigning
aircraft state identification status. All air situation is automatically recorded with playback capability in pas-
sive and interactive modes.
Modernized 5N84AMA radar features efficient protection against pulse interference and active jam-
ming. Level of interference is continuously monitored and graphically represented to operator. Jamming
protection is achieved through expansion of the dynamic range of the signal processor and capability of
electronic frequency agility. Passive interference is rejected through digital adaptive MTI and generation
of clutter map.
Equipment of 5N84AMA can be installed on a semitrailer or in two standard sea containers mounted
stationary or on a vehicle.
MODERNIZATION OF 5N84A FEATURES:
- metric band for «counter-Stealth» capability;
- maximum use of COTS components;
- option of containerized solution (two 20ft ISO);
- stable, fail-soft, modular solid-state transmitter;
- built-in test equipment;
- no special adjustments required during operation;
- largely simplified maintenance;
- engineered for minimum cost of ownershipt.

31
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

P-14 (5N84 «OBORONA», 5N84A) RADAR MODERNIZATION

SPECIFICATIONS
VALUE BEFORE VALUE AFTER
PARAMETER
MODERNIZATION MODERNIZATION
Range of working frequencies, MHz 170-190 160-200
Frequency agility:
method for frequency agility; electromechanical electronic
discreet steps; 4 fixed frequencies 200 kHz
frequency setting accuracy. n/a ±10 kHz
Types of transmitted probing pulses:
short pulse; 10 μs 10 μs
phase shift keyed signals:
13-bit 13 10 μs
28-88 bit (28 – 88) 10 μs
Transmitter pulse power 700 kW 30 kW
Capability of instant probing signal power
Not implemented Implemented
and structure changes
Detection range for a target with RCS of 2.5m2, Р=0.5:
min range - 2,7 km
at altitude of Н=100 m 30 km 37 km
at altitude of Н=500 m 85 km 105 km
at altitude of Н=1000 m 110 km 130 km
at altitude of Н=3000 m 185 km 220 km
at altitude of Н=10000 m 290 km 340 km
Detection accuracy:
range 1000 m 270 m
azimuth 0.80 0.40
Resolution:
range 3500 m 1600 m
azimuth 80 80
Range of adaptive MTI - 0-500 km
Clutter suppression ratio - > 40 dB
Dynamic range of receiver and digital signal processor - > 100 dB
Automatic control of modernized height-finders - Implemented
Number of controlled height-finders - up to 4
Start-up time 8 min 3 min
Power consumption 60 kW up to 40 kW

32
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

LIFE EXTENSION & UPGRADE OF ST-68U (19ZH6) RADAR

MODERNIZATION ENABLES:
- Increasing a detection range;
- Improving a coordinate measurement accuracy;
- Improving target detection against clutter and
noise background;
- Automation of tracking and initialization process-
es;
- Adaptation of a rejection zone to interference situ-
ations;
- Applying color raster display workstations;
- Realization of various protocols, formats and stan-
dards for radar data processing;
- Applying electronic recording of the output data
and radar operation modes;
- Providing operation at elevation up to 3000 m;
- Reducing the false plots during operation in moun-
tain terrain;
- Introducing the target identification channel or
the international secondary channel (IFF channel
MK-X type);
- Ensuring high effective trajectory processing
To increase a range, a number of processed range bins has been increased in the processing equipment
of the modernized Radar 19Zh6 (ST-68U) as well as a number of phase filters is increased from 8 to 16. It al-
lowes to increase a radar coverage range from 150 km to 180 km in the «rare» triggering mode, substantially
improve target tracking under combined effect of clutter, passive and active jamming, implement capability
to determinate radial velocity of targets.
In order to detect large-size targets at the range up to 360 km, a new triggering mode has been introduced.
BUILDING-IN THE IFF SYSTEM COMPARTABLE WITH NATO STANDARDS
The upgraded radar antenna makes it possible to radiate the IFF signals in the range of 1030/1090MHz.
Large vertical dimensions of the reflector permit to shape an elevation antenna pattern of Cosec type with a
sharp bottom edge 1,4 dB/deg. The antenna pattern width in the azimuth plane is 6,5°.
The antenna system also provides realization of SLS modes in interrogation and response. The interroga-
tor MK-X (MK-XII) type is set in the radar cabin.
The interrogator control is done from radar workstations. In the processing equipment the IFF output sig-
nals are associated with echo-signals and tracking according to the IFF response signals is ensured. All data
coming from the IFF is displayed on the workstations.
RADAR OPERATION IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN
For the radar operation in mountainous terrain the electric strength of the microwave channel is increased:
increased pressure in the output microwave channel is maintained; new pulse transformer is installed in the
transmitter; new zone switch is installed in the antenna.
When radar operates in mountainous terrain essential decrease of false plots level is achieved due to
shaped out of oscillations of one stable generator.
NEW WORKSTATIONS
New radar workstations are based on LCD panels. They allow displaying all radar data, radar status and
map information. The radar is controlled from the workstations. Twisted pair lines are used for communica-
tions between radar and workstations. Up to four workstations can be connected.
Maximum radar remote distance amounts to 300 m. If the workstations are power supplied from an inde-
pendent power source, the remote distance reaches up to 500m. Data playback and analysis of the recorded
data is possible at the workstation as well as control for environment simulation for the personnel training.
UPGRADE OF LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM
- Protects the cooling channels against blocking by electrochemical corrosion products
- Improves endurance of the cooling devices (klystron, circulator, solenoid, equivalent).

33
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

LIFE EXTENSION & UPGRADE OF ST-68U (19ZH6) RADAR

34
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

MODERNIZATION OF RSP-10 RADAR

OVERVIEW
Modernized Ground-Controlled Approach (GCA)
system RSP-10MA is intended to ensure flight safety
of aircraft and helicopters within terminal airspace,
obtain positional information and guide aircraft to a
safe landing in normal and adverse weather condi-
tions. RSP-10MA combines primary and secondary
radars, and Precision Approach Radar (PAR).
As a result of modernization the radar’s detection
performance has been efficiently improved. Mod-
ernized radar features automatic tracking capability
as well as data receiving from other radar sensors.
Data can be transferred over a variety of communi-
cation channels.
Primary channel of RSP-10MA operates in L-band
(ICAO), secondary channel uses standard frequen-
cies for RBS (interrogation – 1030 MHz, response
– 1090 MHz) and Eastern UVD (interrogation – 1030
MHz, response – 740 MHz). Primary and secondary
channels work on a common antenna. Precision Ap-
proach Radar performs vertical and glide path guid-
ance and operates in X-band.
Transmitter and receiver of PSR/SSR feature solid-state components only. Transmitters have modu-
lar design and provide ‘soft-failure’ redundancy: failure of individual module leads to partial performance
degradation. Antenna system of PSR/SSR is equipped with a new asynchronous motor drive assembly
controlled by frequency inverter.
Radar includes PSR/SSR operator workstation and PAR operator workstation equipped with air situation
displays and radio control panels.
All air situations are automatically recorded with playback capability in passive and interactive modes.
RSP-10MA is powered from two independent power supplies: from three-phase industrial mains (380V,
50 Hz) and from diesel power generators.
RSP-10MA features efficient protection against pulse interference and active jamming. Level of interfer-
ence is continuously monitored and graphically represented to operator. Jamming protection is achieved
through expansion of the dynamic range of the signal processor and capability of electronic frequency agil-
ity. Passive interference is rejected through digital adaptive MTI and generation of clutter map.

SPECIFICATIONS

PARAMETER AZIMUTH ELEVATION

Range of working frequencies X-band
Coverage:
Azimuth from -15° to +15° from -15° to +15°
Range, at least 25 km 25 km
Elevation from -3° to 15° from -1° to 8°
Mean square error:
Range, less than 20 m
Azimuth, less than 0.030
Range resolution 80 m

35
 MODERNIZATION AND LIFE EXTENSION

MODERNIZATION OF RSP-10 RADAR

SPECIFICATIONS

VALUE VALUE
PARAMETER
PSR SSR
Range of working frequencies, MHz 1250 – 1350 1030 – interrogation
125 frequencies with step 1090 – RBS response
0.8 MHz 740 – UVD response
Frequency agility:
method for frequency agility electronic -
discreet steps 800 kHz -
Supported modes - RBS, UVD and Mk XA
Types of transmitted probing pulses:
AM, μs; 1.5 Interrogation code
phase shift keyed signals: in modes A and C
13-bit; 19.5 μs tP= 0.8 μs
28-88 bit. (28 – 88) x1.5 μs
Transmitter pulse power 4 kW 1 kW
2
Detection range for a target with RCS of 2.5m , Р=0.5
minimum range 1000 m 2.7 km
maximum range 100 km 150 km
Detection accuracy:
range 100 m 100 m
azimuth 0.4° 0.4°
Resolution:
range 250 m 150 m
azimuth 5° 5°
Scanning period, s 5 5
Range of adaptive MTI - 0-160 km
Clutter suppression ratio - > 35 dB
Dynamic range of receiver and digital signal processor - > 100 dB
Start-up time 3-5 min
Power consumption less than 16 kW

36
AIR DEFENCE
SYSTEMS
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION The rest of the elements belongs to the subsystem of

Classic modification of any automated control system collection and transmission of information and includes
(ACS) provides capability to: equipment for visual surveillance and radio-stations of re-
- collect and transmit the information; ception and transmission of telecode information.
- process and display the information; Maintenance of AF CS high efficiency directly depends
- analyze and output the control actions; on the quality of subsystem’s operation for information re-
- transmit the actions. ception and transmission, where its basic elements are
The subsystem of collection and transmission of the in- RS which detect airborne targets. Due to the upgrade of
formation intended for control system of Air Force (AF CS) the mentioned RS, a number of the important problems
includes: may be solved. These issues are connected both with the
- radar means of information collection; improving RS performance characteristics and with the
- radio means of information collection; support of reliability, controllability and reparability of their
- means of visual information; equipment.
- means for reception and transmission of telecode infor- Upgrading of anti-aircraft missile systems (AAMS) pro-
mation. vides significant increasing of their operating characteris-
Other ACS subsystems remain in the classical modifi- tics, as well as:
cations, except for the subsystem of transmitting control - enhancement of the combat performance capabilities
actions. The mentioned subsystems include: of AAMS, including the expansion of realized lethal en-
- means for reception and transmission of telecode infor- velopes of air targets under the conditions of intensive
mation; jamming support;
- means for reception and transmission of voice informa- - decrease of AAMS response time in case of detecting
tion. and destroying air targets;
Radar stations (RS) for airborne target detection be- - support of information-and-control interaction with ad-
longs to the radar means of information collection of AF jacent AAMS and with the higher commanding point
CS. Depending on the frequency of radiated sweeping sig- (HCP);
nal, RS are divided into: - survivability rising of AAMS facilities under the condi-
- RS of VHF-band (P-18); tions of high-precision weapon (HPW) use;
- RS of UHF-band (P-15, P-19); - expansion of AAMS mobile properties.
- RS of S-band (36D6, PRV-11). Besides the AAMS upgrade, can support introduction of

38
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

modes on simultaneous tracking of several air targets and In addition to this, reducing AAMS’s response time, in
on their simultaneous engagement. case of detection and destruction of air targets, following
AAMS upgrading version solves the problem of cost ef- results will be achieved:
ficiency, providing demanded quality with minimal costs. - decrease of operational time of the AAMS, owing to the
All works intended for the S-125M AAMS upgrade automation of processes connected with detection and
are connected with repair of the missile guidance radar target locking for tracking the aid of SNR-125, including
(MGRS). Enhancement of the combat performance capa- the performance of these operational chains under the
bilities of SNR-125 will provide following results: conditions of jamming;
- increase in detection and air-target range tracking; - decrease of the number of errors when target tracking is
- increase in distant limits of target lethal envelopes, due potential not only in the search mode, owing to upgrad-
to improvement of methods used for detection and mea- ing of anti-feeding channel.
surement of targets coordinates and of anti-aircraft guid- Conducting repair and modernization works on informa-
ed missiles (AAGM) under the conditions of clutters; tion-and-control subsystems will result in achieving:
- increase in efficiency of AAGM jammers firing of gener- - supporting of the information-and-control interaction of
ated clutters, owing to the implementation of coordinate the AAMS with neighboring radio-engineering subunits;
support modes, special trajectory of fired AAGM mis- - supporting of the mutual interaction of the AAMS with
siles and special algorithms of target selection against neighboring air bases, specifically in cases of distribut-
the background of non-stationary clutters; ing efforts while destroying air targets.
- improvement of the clutter protection, emission security
and, consequently, survivability of the AAMS.

UPGRADING OF UNV CABIN UV-42R assemblies) with upgraded semiconductor low-

On the basis of the UNV cabin equipment the following noise amplifiers (LNA) of reduced noise factor;
devices are upgraded: - Replacement of mixers assemblies (including
• high-frequency element of receiving devices (UV-40M); preamplifiers of intermediate frequency - UV-51-I and
• transmitting device of target-sighting channel (UV-20M); UV-51-II assemblies) with upgraded semiconductor
• television-optical sight (9W33); assemblies;
• electromechanical drive for rotation of upper side of ra- - Replacement of the detection assembly and preliminary
dar head (head of assemblies equipped with current col- amplification of video-signals of missile transponders (the
lector) according to azimuth (UV-2105); electromechani- UV- 52M assembly) with the upgraded semiconductor
cal drive for movement of head of assemblies, according assembly;
to angle of elevation (UV-210E). - Replacement of assemblies of quick automatic fine
Upgrading of high-frequency part of receiving de- tuning control of target (UV-47 and UV-48 assemblies)
vices with upgraded semiconductor assembly;
On the basis of its assignment, the mentioned high-fre- - Replacement of assemblies of the UV-141 power-supply
quency part of receiving device will support: and the UV-142 power-supply stabilizer with upgraded
- reception of signals reflected from targets; assemblies of solid-state technology.
- reception of signals of missile transponders; Use of the upgraded receiving device SNR-125 allows
- frequency selection, amplification and conversing of re- to extend parameters of the AAMS lethal envelope by
ceived radio-frequency pulses; 11%. Comparative characteristics of S-125 AAMS lethal
- gating and adjusting for amplification of received signals. envelopes in vertical plane are presented in Fig. 1.
According to the receiving-device upgrade (the Comparative characteristics of S-125 AAMS lethal
UV-40M cabinet) the following renovations will be envelopes in horizontal plane are represented in Fig.2.
completed: Lethal envelopes are created for targets that fly with
- Replacement of UHF-assemblies (the UV-420M and speed of V4 < 300 m/second.

There such designations on

fi gures as:
^ - range of lethal envelope;
Нц - altitude of lethal envelope;
Рц - course parameter of target

Fig.1 - Lethal envelope of S-125 AAMS in vertical plane Fig.2.- Lethal envelope of S-125 AAMS in horizontal plane.
X - Range to target, km; Y - target altitude, km X - Range to target, km; Y - target altitude, km

39
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

UPGRADE OF TRANSMITTING TARGET UPGRADING OF DEVICE FOR
SIGHT CHANNEL DEVICE TRANSMISSION OF MISSILE COMMANDS
Upgrading program of transmitting device of target sight The presented upgrading of the receiving-transmitting
channel could be conducted with two options: device SNR-125 (second option) allows to extend param-
- with replacement of the magnetron generator with multi- eters of the AAMS lethal envelopes by 28%. Comparative
ple-beam klystron; characteristics of lethal envelopes of the S-125 AAMS in
- without the replacement of the magnetron generator; vertical plane are represented in Fig.3
On the basis of general demands, with the respect to Comparative characteristics of lethal envelopes of the
MGS, this transmitting device provides a number of char- S-125 AAMS in horizontal plane are represented in Fig.4.
acteristics given in the Table below. Lethal zones are created for targets which fly with the
speed V4 - 300 m/second.
Reverting to the upgrading of missile-sighting of radio-
transmitter and radio-transmitter of control commands, fol-
lowing adjustments have been made:
- replacement of all the vacuum lamp assemblies with the
upgraded solid-state or semiconductor assemblies;
- replacement of the assemblies of high-voltage rectifiers
(UK-124 and UK-121 assemblies) and power-supply as-
sembly (UK-122 assembly) with the upgraded assem-
blies of solid-state technology.
New assemblies of solid-state technology enhance reli-
ability and reduce weight-dimensional characteristics.

UV-20M upgraded cabinet for SNR-125 Fig.3 - Lethal envelope of S-125 AAMS in vertical plane
X - Range to target, km; Y - target altitude, km
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF TRANSMITTING DEVICE
number of fixed frequencies 2 50 at least
frequency separation
between adjacent fixed 5 MHz 10 M Hz
frequencies
average output power 60 kW 4 kW
pulse relative duration (at
20 20
average)
output pulse power 170 kW 80 kW
minimal pulse duration 0.26 ps 0.4 ps
maximal pulse duration - 160 ps
maximal pulse repetition
100 kHz 100 kHz
frequency
high voltage 25 kW 25 kW Fig.4.- Lethal envelope of S-125 AAMS in horizontal plane
efficiency coefficient of X - Range to target, km; Y - target altitude, km
> 15 % > 20 %
transmitter

40
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

EXISTING UPGRADED EQUIPMENT UPGRADING FOR
NAME OF CHARACTERISTICS
RRD RRD TELEVISION-AND-OPTIC SIGHTING
f0 (+0.05) Within the upgrading 9W33 (9W38), TOS is replaced
f0 (1+0.05)
operating range
MHz MHzwith the new combined optical-and-electronic system,
number of receiving channels 2 3which consists of:
1) television camera;
noise factor of receiving 7 dB at 6.5 dB at
2) thermal imaging optical sight;
channels most most
3) equipment of automatic target tracking;
transmission coefficient of
20^25 dB 25^28 dB 4) equipment for information displaying.
receiving channels
The upgraded equipment for television-and-optic sight-
suppression of radio- ing is intended for fulfillment the following tasks:
70 dB at
receiver sensitivity on mirror - - detection of low-sized, low-contrast air targets under the
least
frequencies conditions of poor light, which are locate in the field of
suppression level view of television camera and thermal imaging optical
of generated noise sight (TIOS);
20 dB at
interferences that exceed - transmit the signal of digital video image of air targets
least
power of own noises of radio- into the computing system of the UVK cabin;
receiver - shaping a video image on monitor screens of operators
100 ps at in the UVK cabin;
time of auto-equalization -
most - fulfil an automatic detection of target blip and its auto-
matic tracking;
UPGRADING OF DEVICE FOR - fulfil a manual tracking of target blip.
Comparative characteristics of existent and updated
TRANSMISSION OF MISSILE COMMANDS
equipment for television-and-optic sighting are presented
The UK-20M and UK-20H upgraded cabinets have been
in the Table below.
demounted out of the UNK cabin and, lately, mounted in
the UNV antenna head together with UV-12 antenna equiv-
alents (UK-14 assembly and UK-15 assembly) and summa-
tion device (the UK-12 assembly).

Updated TOS and TOIS of UNV antenna head

NAME OF UPGRADED
9W38 TOS UPDATED
CHARACTERISTICS RRD

Detection range (if optical 20 km 100 km 30 km

visibility is available)
Switched fields of view:
Wide 4°50' x 3°38' 4°18' x 3°12' 6.2°
Narrow 1 °27' x 1 °5' 1°18' x 1°00' 1.45°
Upgraded cabinets named as UK-20M and UK-20N Digital enlargement
located in UNV antenna head (without reducing x2 x8
information quality and
angular resolution)
Dynamic range of video- - 68 dB -
signal receiver
Detector sensitivity - 0,0012 Lux -
Operating range of waves - - 3...5 mm
Temperature sensitivity - - 25,000 K
(NETD)

41
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

External appearance of launcher 5P73.

UPGRADING OF 5P73 S-125M AADMS

LAUNCHER
Purpose and composition
Introduced working stations. 5P73 launcher is intended for prestart preparation and
for launch guidance of 5V24, 5V27, 5V27U or 5V27D mis-
UPGRADING OF YHK CABIN siles.
Within the first stage of the upgrading the UNK equip- Hereby, the launch is designed on the same basis that
ment, cabin is fallen under the circumstances of substantial missiles are. The external appearance of the launcher is
changes together with the introduction of digital processing presented on picture.
of radio-signals in the UNV cabin. Specialized electronic The launcher consists of the following components:
computing machinery is mounted in the UNK equipment - tipping unit;
cabin. It is designed to implement following algorithms: - electric adapter (4 pcs.);
- digital processing of radar signals in proper modes - cradle;
(SMT); - platform;
- recalculation of target-designation coordinates in the po- - basement;
sition of AAMS deploying and their extrapolation; - vertical guidance mechanism (electric DC motor MM-
- automatic targets locking for tracking on the basis of 52);
target-designation data and information retrieved from - horizontal guidance mechanism (electric DC motor MM-
searching sectors; 42);
- automatic and semi-automatic tracking of target on the - prohibited areas mechanism;
basis of angular coordinates (01 and 02) and range; - electrical equipment.
- automatic tracking of two guided missiles on the basis of
angular coordinates (01 and 02) and range;
- generation of control commands for AAGM guidance; TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
- preparation of recommendation for AAGM launch NAME OF CHARACTERISTICS VALUE
(launch device).
limits of horizonting ± l°30'
What is more, working stations of the members of com-
bat crew are completely replaced with the automated work- loading angle in vertical plane from 8°20' to 11°
ing stations (AWS). AWS has been implemented on the limit missile launch angles:
basis of standard color monitors with keeping of basic op-
erator controls and their placement on consoles, similar to - in vertical plane from 4°30’ to 64°30’
the old working stations. Besides, all functions on control of - in horizontal plane No limit
S-125 AAGM operation remain unchanged.
period of transition from
transport mode to combat 1 h.
mode

42
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

UPGRADED ELEMENTS OF - preparation of launcher and upgraded missile 5V27D-M
5P73 LAUNCHER for launch, initial setting of inertial system and transfer of
Electrical equipment and devices, located inside the flight task;
launcher, are included into the set of devices which provide - power supply of equipment of missiles located on
remote and local control over drives of vertical and hori- launcher with DC current 26V, single-phase AC current
zontal guidance mechanisms, launch control system test- 60V with 1000 Hz frequency, single-phase AC current
ing without missile as well as preparation and launch of the 115V with frequency 1000 Hz, three-phase AC current
missiles. Hereby, within the upgrading of 5P73 launcher, 36V with frequency 1000 Hz.
it will be modified for the application of upgraded missile Equipment of interfacing with the UNK-M cabin, besides
5V27D-M. the abovementioned functions, must provide:
Electrical equipment of launcher compiles: - transfer of flight task data from the UNK-M cabin to the
- control unit BU-M; upgraded missile 5V27D-M;
- digital electric drives of horizontal and vertical guidance - output of data about the pre-launch preparation process
mechanisms; of 5V27D-M to the UNK-M cabin.
- local sensors;
- topographic positioning equipment. DIGITAL ELECTRIC DRIVES OF HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL GUIDANCE MECHANISMS.
CONTROL UNIT BU-M

Electric drive of vertical guidance mechanism.

Upgrading of guidance drives means their transferring to

digital control principle. Hereby, the executive DC electric
motors are replaced for asynchronous AC electric motors.
External appearance of BU-M unit. Control over executive drive motors is performed by
Control unit BU-M is intended to control the launcher op- guidance unit, driven by commands and received from the
erations in all modes and data interchanges with combat BU-M control unit.
control cabin UNK-M. The control unit BU-M includes: Application of digital electric drives of horizontal and ver-
- launch automation equipment; tical guidance mechanisms allows considerable increase
- equipment for linkage with UNK-M cabin; in dynamic and accuracy parameters of the drives. Com-
- ground power sources. parative parameters of standard and upgraded drives are
Launch automation equipment and ground power source, presented in the Table below.
located in control unit BU-M, together with equipment lo-
cated in UNK-M cabin are intended for prestart preparation
and missile launch by commands received from UNK-M
cabin, as well as for input of prestart preparation data into
the UNK-M cabin.
Herewith, it provides:
- preparation of launcher and missiles 5V24 and 5V27 for
launch in the modes «Stand-by 2» and «Stand-by 1»;
- preparation of launcher and missiles 5V27U and 5V27D
for launch in the modes «30 sec» and «Stand-by 1»;
Electric drive of vertical guidance mechanism

43
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF STANDARD AND UPGRADED GUIDANCE DRIVES
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 5P73 LAUNCHER UPGRADED LAUNCHER 5P73
speed of drive in guidance mode:
- in horizontal plane not more than 3 deg/s not more than 3 deg/s
- in vertical plane ot more than 3 deg/s not more than 3 deg/s
dynamic component of drive error in guidance mode:
- in horizontal plane 14 min 11 min
- in vertical plane 19 min 15 min
dynamic component of drive error ar reverse:
- in horizontal plane 22 min 19 min
- in vertical plane 27 min 23 min
time of transfer:
- in horizontal plane from 0° to 179° 18 sec 15 sec
- in vertical plane from 3°25’ to 64°55’ 16 sec 14 sec
static error of drive in horizontal and vertical planes:
- by voltage not more than 7 min not more than 5 min
- by scales not more than 15 min

UPGRADING OF 5V27D MISSILE WITH APPLICATION OF SEMI-ACTIVE SEEKER

Within upgrading of this type of missile, the following - upgrading of the radio receiving unit for providing receiv-
renovations will be performed: ing and deciphering of corrective signals on inertial guid-
- replacement of the pneumatic steering gear and airleron ance area (target coordinates in antenna port coordinate
drives for electric ones, that reduces the weight of unit system);
and increases its control properties; - installation of radar proximity fuse based on new compo-
- installation of semi-active seeker; nent base;
- installation of platformless inertial system for guiding the - installation of new missile control unit.
missile to acquisition point by seeker;
UNITS TO BE DISASSEMBLED:

Transmission antenna Steering control Turbo-electric Air fittings unit Autopilot unit Airlerons control
and radio proximity fuse mechanism generator mechanism

NEW UNITS TO BE INSTALLED:

Semi-active Radio proximity fuse Unit of steering control Power supply unit Unit of inertial control
seeker electric drives system

Unit of airlerons control

electric drives

44
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

Within the upgraded 5V27D-M1 missile with semi-active BASIC SPECIFICATIONS
seeker, the combined guidance method is achieved: OF SEMI-ACTIVE SEEKER:
- on the initial phase of trajectory, an inertial guidance at
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS VALUE
predicted point with radio correction is applied, with the
characteristics from SNR-125M of its velocity and posi- angle rate of target indication
50
processing, deg./sec
tion at target maneuvering;
range of target approach speeds,
- on final phase of trajectory, a semi-active self-guidance, 300...2400
m/s
after target acquisition with illumination from SNR-125M,
weight of semi-active seeker
is applied. components, kg, not more than
15
Such an upgrade will provide an increase of 5V27D mis- diameter, mm, not more than 200
sile far damage envelope up to 40 km (against high-speed
and maneuvering targets) and up to 45 km (against small- length, mm, not more than 400
speed targets). duration of radio correction path,
30,72
Characteristics of S-125M-2UM AADMS damage enve- ms
lope in vertical and horizontal planes, for targets flying with mean time between failures, hrs,
500
not less than
speed Vt < 300 m/s (Effective reflective area=1 m2), are
presented on Fig. 5 and 6.
AADMS in vertical and horizontal planes for targets fly-
ing at speed Vt - 700 m/s (Effective reflective area = 1 m2)
are presented on Fig. 7 and 8.
Characteristics of damage envelope of C-125M-2UM
AADMS in vertical and horizontal planes against targets
flying with speed Vt < 900 m/s (Effective reflective area =1
m2) are presented on Fig. 9 and 10.
-Area of 5V27D -Area of 5V27D-M1

Fig. 7-8. Damage envelope of C-125M-2UM AADMS (Vt < 700 m/s).

Fig. 5-6. Damage envelope of C-125M-2UM AADMS (Vt < 300 m/s).

Fig. 9-10. Damage envelope of C-125M-2UM AADMS (Vt < 900 m/s).

45
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

Target hitting probability by one upgraded missile 5V27D-M1 comprises - p = 0,8. Target hitting probability by two
upgraded missiles 5V27D-M1 will be determined by formula:
p = 1 - (1 - p)2 = 1 - (1 - 0,8)2 = 0,96.
Application of upgraded missiles 5V27D-M1 allows increase in S-125M AADMS potential in simultaneous tracking of
targets and missiles guided at them. The upgraded equipment of antenna post UNV-M and cabin UNK-M provide detec-
tion and up to 3 targets tracking, within the beam of SNR- 125M. Upgrading of missile line-of-sight radio transmitter and
control command radio transmitter allows for controlling over 6 missiles 5V27D-M1 simultaneously.

UPGRADING OF 5V27D MISSILE WITH APPLICATION OF ACTIVE SEEKER

Within the upgrading of the missile, the following altera- - upgrading of the radio receiving unit for providing receiv-
tions will be performed: ing and deciphering of corrective signals on inertial guid-
- replacement of pneumatic steering gear and airleron ance area (target coordinates in antenna port coordinate
drives with electric ones, which reduces the weight of system);
unit and increases its control properties; - installation of the radar proximity fuse based on the new
- installation of active seeker; component base;
- installation of platformless inertial system for guiding the - installation of the new missile control unit.
missile to acquisition point by seeker;

UNITS TO BE DISASSEMBLED:

Transmission antenna Steering control Turbo-electric Air fittings unit Autopilot unit Airlerons control
and radio proximity fuse mechanism generator mechanism

NEW UNITS TO BE INSTALLED:

Active seeker Radio proximity fuse Unit of steering control Power supply unit Unit of inertial control
electric drives system

Unit of airlerons control

electric drives

46
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

BASIC SPECIFICATIONS Within the upgraded missile “5V27D-M2” equipped with
OF ACTIVE SEEKER: the active seeker, proportional modified target guidance
method has been achieved:
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS VALUE
- inertial guidance with radio correction from SNR-125, on
number simultaneously attacked targets 1 .... 4 initial stage of missile flight and active radar guidance on
search area, degrees: the final stage;
- inertial guidance without radio correction on the initial
- by azimuth ± 35°
- by elevation ± 25° stage of missile flight and active radar guidance on the
final stage.
angle rate of target indication
processing, deg./sec
50 This kind of upgrade provides increase in far damage
envelope of 5V27D missile up to 40 km against high-speed
range of target approach speeds, m/s 300 .... 2400
and maneuvering targets; and up to 45 km against small-
search area by distance, km. 0,1 ..... 20 speed targets.
air target acquisition distance (target of The damage envelope is intended for targets which fly-
20
mig-29 type), km, not less than ing speed is amounted to Vt < 300 m/s (Effective reflective
weight of active seeker components, kg,
15 area = 1 m2), are presented on the Fig.11 and on the Fig.12.
not more than Damage envelope S-125M-2UM AADMS characteris-
diameter, mm, not more than 200 tics, in vertical and horizontal planes for targets flying at
length, mm, not more than 400 speed Vt < 700 m/s (Effective reflective area = 1 m2), are
presented on the Fig.13 and on the Fig.14.
duration of radio correction path, ms 30,72
S-125M-2UM AADMS damage envelope characteris-
mean time between failures, hrs, not tics, in vertical and horizontal planes against targets flying
500
less than with speed V, < 900 m/s (Effective reflective area = 1 m2),
are presented on the Fig.15 and 16.

-Area of 5V27D

-Area of 5V27D-M1

Fig. 11-12.
Vt < 300 m/s

Fig. 13-14.
Vt < 700 m/s

Fig. 15-16.
Vt < 900 m/s

47
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

UPGRADING OF S-125M (PECHORA) ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM

Target hitting probability by the one upgraded missile Three-dimensional warning radar station provides de-
5V27D-M2 comprises - = 0,85. Target hitting probability by tection and tracking of 8 targets (target channels). The
the two upgraded missiles 5V27D-M2 may be determined launch control system allows controlling over 16 missiles
by formula: 5V27D-M2 simultaneously.
P2 = 1 — (1 - P)2 = 1 - (1 - 0,85)2 = 0,977. The use of the complex phase-code modulated se-
Application of the upgraded missiles 5V27D-M2 allows quence as a sweeping signal of an active HH allows es-
to increase S-125M AADMS potential in simultaneous sential reducing of the intentional jamming action on the
tracking of targets and missiles guided at them. In addition, mentioned missile home head, which definitely provides
application of the upgraded missiles 5V27D-M2 provides high probability (more than 0.9) of target hitting.
fundamental upgrading of S-125M AADMS. Hereby, the Applying the radio-correction system and active home-
antenna post of the cabin UNV-M has been deleted from head of the 5B27fl missile instead of the radio-command
the composition of S-125M AADMS and replaced by the control system, gives an opportunity to realize the principle
standard three-dimensional Radar Station of 36D6 type of simultaneous target handling capacity, in other words,
and radio correction equipment on each launcher. The tar- simultaneous launching of several (4 at most) missiles at
get detection data is submitted to a digital form to the cabin different targets in the zone of main lobe of antenna dia-
UNK- M and to the correspondent launcher in the form of gram of active HH.
usual flight task data. The control of missile during the flight
is completed by missile sighting transponder, placed on the
launcher.

REPLACEMENT OF
5S45 TAKE-OFF BOOSTER
Replacing the 5S45 take-off booster, solid-fuel charges
have to be already are replaced. Besides, 14 cylindrical
single-channel explosive cartridges, with usual gunpowder
charge, have been replaced with the same single-chan-
nel cartridges with combined charge. In comparison with
the usual gunpowder charge, the advantage of explosive
cartridges with combined charge is the increased time of
cartridge burning, while characteristics of developed boost
thrust remains the same.
Applying the cartridges with the combined charge allows
flights with the aid of take-off booster along all-ballistic tra-
jectory, within the initial trajectory phase of the 5B27fl mis-
sile flight. Thereupon, the zone edge of lethal envelope of
C-125M AAMS amounts to 45 km.
Profound upgrading of the 5V27D anti-aircraft guided
missile permits to prolong its life service up to 10 years.
Indeed, this is a fairly preferable alteration, concerning the
fact of a long-storing of these missiles, which were manu-
factures in the former USSR.

48
 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

SHORT RANGE SHIPBORNE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM «ARBALET-K»

OVERVIEW
Short range shipborne air-defense missile system
«Arbalet-K» is primary intended to destroy jet, prop-
jet and propeller-driven aircrafts and helicopters at
head-on, pursuiting courses under the conditions of
target direct visibility with the use of air-defense guid-
ed missiles «Igla».
THE «ARBALET-K» SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:
- ground basis with actuators;
- control panel;
- guidance device and thermal imager;
- traverse platform;
- two launching units with two air-defense missiles
of «Igla» type, mounted on each unit;
- spares and accessories kit;
- operational documentation set.

SPECIFICATIONS
Target destruction range, m 500 - 5000
Maximum altitude for targets destruction, m: 256
jet aircrafts:
- at head-on courses 2000
- at pursuit courses 2500
helicopters and propjet aircrafts:
- at head-on courses 3000
- at pursuit courses 3500
Minimum altitude for targets destruction, m 10
Targets speed, m/s:
- at head-on courses 360
- at pursuit courses 320
Targets detection range, km 12
Traverse platform angles of rotation, ...°:
- heading angle from minus 150 to+150
- elevation from minus 25 to +60
- roll angle ±25
Weight, kg 1140
Overall dimensions, mm 1730x2245x1590
Operating temperature range, °C from minus 40 to +60

49
 DIRECTION FINDING AND
PASSIVE RECONNAISSANCE
SYSTEMS
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MULTIFUNCTIONAL TARGET DESIGNATION RADAR COMPLEX «MINERAL-ME»

OVERVIEW
The complex provides long-range over-the-
horizon detection of surface targets, reception
and processing of surface situation data received
from coastal complexes, tactical group vessels,
equipped with «Mineral» type complexes (sys-
tems) and also from aircraft and helicopters that
transmit data using regular means of radio com-
munication, develops and presents information
on target coordinates to weapon system of a
vessel and tactical group vessels, provides guid-
ance for joint combat actions.
It represents multipurpose information and
control system that operates using heteroge-
neous data detectors (active, passive, remote
air and ship observation stations) within the in-
tegrated information field and provides detec-
tion of over-the-horizon surface targets and
targets designation.

COMPLEX COMPOSITION
- active radar for surface targets detection and target designation (ARS);
- passive radar for surface targets detection and target designation (PRS);
- station of mutual information exchange,mutual vectoring (orientation) and joint surface tar-
gets data processing (MEI-MOR station).
DEPLOYMENT OPTIONS
- Vessel-based;
- Stationary (coastal);
- Portable on the mobile chassis.
BATTLE TASKS
- detection and coordinates setting of surface targets in active and passive modes of detection
for possible use of weapons;
- automated acquisition, processing and an information display from PRS (passive radar), ARS
(active radar), vessel remote sources of information acquisition equipped with «Mineral-ME»
complexes (systems), and information received via regular radiocommunication means from
air remote observation posts;
- target classification;
- vectoring (orientation) of vessels combined into a tactical group;
- automated data exchange between flagship (FS) and the group vessels (GV);
- command and control of joint combat actions (C2JCA) of vessels.
ARS (ACTIVE RADAR) ENSURES:
- detection and tracking of surface targets , their coordinates setting;
- classification of detected targets;
- elaboration and delivery of information on a target designation to the automated command
and control system.

51
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MULTIFUNCTIONAL TARGET DESIGNATION RADAR COMPLEX «MINERAL-ME»

SPECIFICATIONS

PRS (PASSIVE RADAR) ENSURES:

- reception, detection, bearing and parameters measurement of impulse signals of radiating
radars within the frequency bands I,G, E/F, D;
- classification of received signals;
- coordinates setting (bearing and range) of radiating radars by means of one maneuvering
vessel or a group of two-three vessels interacting through the MEI-MOR station;
- transfer of data on target designation to the automated command and control system.
MEI-MOR STATION ENSURES:
- identification, mutual information exchange and mutual vectoring (orientation) between the
tactical group vessels, equipped with «Mineral-ME» type complexes (systems);
- adaptive information exchange between the tactical group vessels;
- gathering and joint information processing on surface targets by means of a single vessel and
by means of the tactical group;
- formulation and transfer of information on the tracked targets to the combat information-
command-and-control system;
- processing and delivery of information on target designation to the automated command and
control system.

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MOBILE COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE COMPLEX «COMINT»

OVERVIEW
Mobile VHF-UHF Communication Intelli-
gence (COMINT) Complex is intended for po-
sition finding and recording of the radio signals
within the frequency range of 30 MHz – 3000
MHz.
Complex consists of three identical Mobile
COMINT Stations mounted in the shelter, which
can be installed on the platform of truck or on
trailer.

COMPOSITION OF THE STATION

The Mobile COMINT Station includes:
1. Direction finding (DF) antenna system. Which
is implemented on the basis of two 9-ele-
ment ring antenna arrays operating within
the frequency range 30-600 MHz and 600-3000 MHz. The mast with the antenna system is
automatically raised into position;
2. Conversion and digital signal processing block;
3. Automated workstations of operators;
4. Power supply and air conditioning system;
5. Radio communication equipment;
6. Surveillance control equipment.
MAIN FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX
- Automatic detection and analysis (measurement of parameters) of radio signals in preset fre-
quency band.
- Automatic direction finding of detected radio sources.
- Generation of amplitude-frequency spectrum of the whole range or the separate bands, as
well as the amplitude-frequency- time spectrum (in the 5 MHz band).
- Generation of DF (amplitude-frequency-azimuth) panorama of the whole range or separate
bands.
- Calculation of the radio sources coordinates and the generation of radio environment map on
the basis of terrain map.
- Demodulation of radio signals in real time or previously recorded.
- Generation of database with results of detection, analysis, demodulation, direction and posi-
tion finding.

53
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MOBILE COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE COMPLEX «COMINT»

SPECIFICATIONS
Operating frequency range from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz
Maximum scanning speed for operating frequency range at the
not less than 1000 MHz/s
detection of radio signals
Field sensitivity at the direction finding with mean square error 1° and 20 ms measurement cycle: not more than 10 mV/m.
Minimum duration of radiation for directional signal 500 ms
Single signal dynamic range not less than 80 dB
Discrete control of attenuation on the input from 0 to 30 dB with spacing 2 dB
Dynamic range by intermodulation of 3rd and 2nd levels not less than 70 dB
Intermediate frequency band on digital converter output (band of
5 MHz
instant review)
Directional radio signal band 3 ... 500 kHz
Automatic measurement of the following signal parameters at the signal-to-noise ratio not less than 10 dB is provided:
medium signal frequency (carrier) with resolution capability 10 Hz
signal-to-noise ratio 10...30 dB with resolution capability 0.5 dB
symbol modulation rate 10...64000 baud with resolution capability 10 baud
signal bandwidth 3...500 kHz with resolution capability 10 Hz
with error no more than:
average frequency 10% of the signal bandwidth
SNR ± 1.5 dB
symbol modulation rate 10%
signal bandwidth 10%
Power supply:
built-in petrol electric generator
or external single-phase alternating current electric system of voltage 220 V ± 10 V with frequency 50 Hz ± 2 Hz
or built-in storage batteries of voltage 24 V
Operational temperature range from -20°С to +50°С

54
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

VHF-UHF MOBILE RADIOMONITORING STATION «BARVINOK-M»

OVERVIEW
VHF-UHF mobile radiomonitoring station
«Barvinok-M» is intended to provide detection
and direction finding of signals within the fre-
quency band of 25 – 3000 MHz. Station pro-
vides scanning of preset VHF-UHF frequency
band, spatial search and localization of radio
source position by surface wave of vertical po-
larization.
Equipment of «Barvinok-M» station is mount-
ed inside Customer’s vehicle (minivan). VHF-
UHF direction finding antenna feeder system
is mounted on top of the vehicle under radio-
transparent streamlined antenna cover.

GENERAL INFORMATION
Station is operated by a single operator. «Barvinok-M» software is developed using modern
computer technologies. Built-in self-testing system allows to detect malfunction up to the faulty
assembly.
«Barvinok-M» detector-finder refers to the class of the systems with spatial signal processing
and it provides signal detection by signal spatial features along with assessment of direction to-
wards radio source using correlation vector method of bearing computation.
VHF-UHF antenna system consists of two ring antenna arrays each containing 7 monopoles
covering frequency sub bands of 25-1000 MHz and 1-3 GHz respectively.
Navigation equipment (GPS-receiver) with radio communication equipment provides possibil-
ity of synchronous work of mobile stations «Barvinok-M» both as Salve and Master station.
Power supply of station is provided through UPS from industrial network with given voltage 220
V, frequency 50 Hz from independent source that is mounted in the rear section of the vehicle.
STATION PROVIDES:
- Panoramic view with signal detection and direction finding in the frequency band of 25 - 3000
MHz with 10 GHz/s rate
- Automatic detection and direction finding of emission sources of modern communication sys-
tems (Conventional & Frequency Hopping) using correlation vector method
- Coordinates computation with displaying them on the digital map
- Network classification and signal parameters measurement
- Signal reception and digital registration
- Audio and visual control over detected signals
- Radio electronic environment (REE) data storing and processing
- Inside direction finding network with time synchronization by GPS navigation system
- Coverage range: up to 20…30 km in the 25 - 500 MHz frequency band
up to 5…10 km in the 500 - 3000 MHz frequency band

55
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

VHF-UHF MOBILE RADIOMONITORING STATION «BARVINOK-M»

PURPOSE
Mobile VHF-UHF station for radiomonitoring
«Barvinok-M» provides the following:
- REE monitoring over the territory in view of
20-30 km in the band of 25-500 MHz and up
to 5-10 km in the band of 500-3000 MHz;
- Search, detection and direction finding of
new radio emission sources within given seg-
ment of VHF-UHF (25–3000 MHz) frequency
bands;
- Network classification and measurement of
signals parameters of the RES detected;
- Monitoring over already known sources put
under surveillance;
- Computation of radio source coordinates
with its indication on digital map;
- Parameters and operation modes control,
data gathering from Slave stations of the di-
rection finding network;
- Automated processing and documentation
of REE data;
- Data communication with stations from the
composition of the complex.

SPECIFICATIONS

Sensitivity by EM-field (SNR=10 dB, BW=12.5 kHz): Quality assessment of signal detec-
RMS Θ/U dBμV
tion and direction finding
in 25-50 MHz frequency band 15 - 40 μV/m
VHF-UHF equipment of tracking and signal registration:
in 50-1000 MHz frequency band 3 - 15 μV/m 1 tracking and
in 1-3 GHz frequency band 10 - 30 μV/m Number of receiving channels: registration
channel
Realtime BW 2.5 / 10 MHz
Operating frequency band 25-3000 MHz
Probability of detection and direction
finding of signal with 100 ms duration Sensitivity (SNR=10 dB, BW=12 kHz) 0.7 - 1 μV
> 0.9
when scanning in 200 MHz frequency Dynamic range of received signal
band > 120 dB
levels
Probability of detection and direction Tuning time of receiver’s frequency
> 0.9 1 ms
finding of FH signals synthesizer
Minimal duration of the signal to be Frequency tuning step 10 Hz
detected and for its bearing to be 1 ms
determined Frequency analysis and digital regis-
2,5 kHz - 3 MHz
Sensitivity of receiving sections tration band
0.7-1.0 μV Time of signal registration (is set
(SNR=10 dB, BW=12.5 kHz)
Dynamic range of received signal automatically depending on the
120 dB 10…100 s
levels frequency band and detector-finder
request queue
Suppression of spurious channels > 80 dB Total duration of continuous signal
Relative frequency instability 2x10-7 record of a signal given frequency 4 hours
band 300 kHz to HDD
Tuning time of receiver’s frequency
200 μs
synthesizer
Spectral density of heterodyne noise
– 100 dBc/Hz
(given detuning 25 kHz)

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MOBILE HF BAND DIRECTION FINDING STATION «BERKUT»

OVERVIEW
Composition: direction finding antenna-feeder
system on the basis of HF-loop antennas, receiv-
ing and measuring device based on three-channel
DSP receiver with narrowband tunable analogue
preselector (196 equivalent filters), scanning re-
ceiver, Laptop, GPS-receiver, GSM-modem, data
transfer and communication UHF radio station,
power supply unit with automatic accumulator
charging system, two accumulator sets.
Digital LF-signal registration, in-band and polar-
ization signal selection from several radio sources,
automatic measurement of signal parameters, re-
mote control as a part of direction finding network
(UHF-channel or GSM-channel).
Station can be operated by one person.

- Operating frequency band: 1–30 MHz, - Minimal signal duration for its bearing to be
- Sensitivity: 10-30 μV/m, determined: 10 ms,
- Direction finding method: Watson-Watt, - Frequency bandwidth of direction finding
- Instrumental bearing error 1°...2° (RMS), 0.3–8 kHz,
- Range of received signal levels > 100 dB, - Bearing timing accuracy ±125 ms,

MOBILE VHF-UHF BAND DIRECTION FINDING STATION «SCORPION»

OVERVIEW
Composition: direction finding antenna feeder
system on the basis of 16-element ring antenna
array, omnidirectional antenna, receiving and
measuring device on the basis of one channel
receiver with direction finding processor, opera-
tor’s panel on the basis of Laptop, GPS-receiver,
data transfer and communication UHF radio sta-
tion, power supply unit with automatic accumu-
lator charging system.
Digital LF-signal registration, remote control
in the composition of direction finding network
(UHF-channel).

- Operating frequency band: 30-1000 MHz, - Range of received signal levels: >100 dB,
- Sensitivity: 5-30 μV/m, - Minimal signal duration for its bearing to be
- Direction finding method – phase (quasi- determined: 200 ms,
Doppler), - Frequency band of bearing determined:
- VHF-UHF panoramic frequency scanning 5 – 150 kHz,
with 150 MHz/s rate, - Timing bearing accuracy: ±125 ms
- Instrumental bearing error: 2°...3°,

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MOBILE STATION FOR RADIOMONITORING OF HF FREQUENCY BAND «UKOL»

OVERVIEW
Coverage range: 0…50 km and 150…2000 km and
more.
Signal reception with vertical and circular polar-
ization.
Composition: antenna-feeder system consisting
of one ring antenna array with diameter of 40...70 m,
unit of wideband input devices, rack of digital 9-chan-
nel detector-radio direction finder, tracking receiver
«Galaktika-M», operator panel on the basis of Core 2
Quad 2.8 GHz server with interface boards, operating
control keyboard, UHF radio station, WLAN-equip-
ment for external jamming station remote control.
Manual and automatic signals direction finding at
the distance up to 40…50 km, 150 … 2000 km and
more with wave signal elevation angle 0…85°.
Coherent (mono-pulse) principal of direction find-
ing signal processing provides bearing of short-time signals with duration of 3…100 ms and more (including
Frequency Hopping signals). Direction finding station is operated by single operator. Time of station deploy-
ment – 30 min (crew of 4 persons). Station equipment may be installed on automobile with high off-road
capability, such as KrAZ, KAMAZ and on other vehicles (on request of customer). VHF/UHF (30-3000 MHz)
equipment may be installed optionally.
Frequency range 1.5-30 MHz
Sensitivity 3-5 μV/m
Dynamic range of signal level > 120 dB
Dynamic range (two tone intermodulation) > 85 dB
Frequency setting 1 Hz
Direction finding instrumental accuracy 1° (RMS)
Scanning speed 10-300 MHz/s
Direction finding frequency resolution 100-500 Hz
Minimum required signal duration 3-5 ms
DF processing bandwidth 400 kHz
AF processing bandwidth 0.3-8 kHz
AM, ASK, SSB, Multi-Channels, FSK2, PSK2,
Recording and automatic classification of type modulation PSK4, frequency hopping (20-300 hop/s) and
recognition of up to 32 types of special signals
Direction finding method correlative interferometer
Method of Location Emitters SL. Manual and Automatic

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

THE MOBILE RADIOMONITORING SYSTEM «ARGUS-M2»

The Mobile Radiomonitoring System
(MRMS) «ARGUS-M2» is designed for au-
tomated monitoring of radio-frequency spec-
trum, measurement of different parameters of
electromagnetic emissions and radio signals,
and for online direction finding of transmitters
and radioelectronic systems outside the avail-
ability zones of fixed DF and radiomonitoring
stations.
MRMS «ARGUS-M2» is based on high-
performance measurement equipment
of the ROHDE & SCHWARZ (Germany)
company:
• R&S FSP30 spectrum analyzer;

• R&S EB200 monitoring receiver;

• R&S EBD195 direction finder processor;
• R&S HE010 and R&S HE500 monitoring antennas;
• R&SADD195 and R&SADD071DF antennas;
• R&S AC008 microwave directional antenna;
• R&S HE200 portable directional antenna;
• R&S ARGUS-IT spectrum monitoring and management software;
• R&S Map View geographic information software.
MRMS «ARGUS-M2» ensures achieving following tasks:
• systematic monitoring and measurement of the radio stations parameters (level, frequency,
offset, deviation, field strength and power flux density, bandwidth, modulation parameters);
• measurements for EMC (electromagnetic compatibility);
• identification of the interference sources.

SPECIFICATIONS

Operating frequency ranges:

direction finding mode 20.. .3 000 MHz
radiomonitoring mode 20... 26 500 MHz
Instrumental error of DF in frequency 20... 80 MHz 2 degree
80.. .1 300MHz 1 degree
1,3. ..3 GHz 2 degree
Sensitivity at frequency of 1 GHz -145 dBm
Average positioning error less than 15m
Power supply systems: in the mobile mode in the fixed mode 12V/ 24V DC 220 VAC (external
Max power consumption 1000W
Time to establish an operating mode less than 15 min
Operating temperature (inside a car) +5...+55°C
Maximum dimensions, WxHxD 2242 x 2650 x 5290 mm
Maximum height with deployed mast 9450 mm
Weight with driver 2870 kg

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

COMPLEX FOR DETECTION AND DIRECTION FINDING «VOSTOK-OP»

OVERVIEW
- Complex for detection and direction finding of HF band
signals «VOSTOK-ОP»
- Composition:
- antenna-feeder system that consists of two ring antenna
arrays with diameter of 120 m and 50 m,
- unit of wideband input devices,
- 9-channel panoramic receiver of detector-radio direc-
tion finder,
- tracking receiver,
- operator panel on the basis of Core 2 Quad 2.8 GHz
server with interface boards,
- operating control keyboard.
- Coverage range: 0…50 km and 150…2000 km and more.
- Receiving of signals with vertical and circular polarization.
- Operating frequency range: 1.5-30 (0.5-30) MHz,
- Sensitivity: 1-5 μV/m,
- Dynamic range with respect to intermodulation > 90 dB,
- Range of signal levels > 120 dB,
- Frequency bandwidth of simultaneous scan: 2400 kHz,

- Panoramic frequency scanning rate: 0.1-1 GHz/s, - Automatic signal classification: AM, АSK, SSB, FM2, PM2,
- Frequency resolution of detector-finder: 100-500 Hz, FM4, FH (20-1000 hops per second).
- Instrumental bearing error: 1° (RMS), - Simultaneous measurement of azimuth and elevation
- Minimal signal duration for its bearing to be determined: 1 angle of radio wave detection gives an opportunity to pro-
ms, vide assessment of radio source location basing on single
- Analyzed frequency band: 0.1 - 12 kHz, point (SSL) method.
- Frequency resolution: 1 Hz,

STATIONARY DIRECTION FINDING STATION «VOSTOK-RP»

OVERVIEW
Composition:
- antenna-feeder system that consists of two ring antenna
arrays with diameter of 120 m and 50 m,
- unit of wideband input devices,
- 9-channel receiver,
- operator board on the basis of Core 2 Quad 2.8 GHz
server with interface boards,
- operating control keyboard.
- Coverage range: 0…50 km and 150…2000 km and more.
- Receiving of signals with vertical and circular polarization.
- Operating frequency range: 1.5-30 (0.5-30) MHz,
- Sensitivity: 0.5-3 μV/m,
- Dynamic range with respect to intermodulation > 90 dB,
- Range of received signals’ levels > 120 dB,
- Frequency resolution: 1 Hz,
- Instrumental bearing error: 1° (RMS),
- Frequency bandwidth of signals those bearings are being
determined: 4 or 8 kHz.

- Coherent (monopulse) principal of signal receiving and - Simultaneous measurement of azimuth and elevation
signal processing provides bearing determination of pulse angle of radiowave detection gives an opportunity to pro-
and FH signals with duration of 1…100 ms. vide assessment of radio source location basing on single
point (SSL) method.

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

VHF-UHF BAND RADIO RECEIVING DEVICE «GALAKTIKA-U»

OVERVIEW
«Galaktika-U» RRD (radio receiving device) is to be operat-
ed in the composition of VHF-UHF centers or autonomously.
It provides reception and demodulation of a wide range of
signals in frequency band of 20-3000 MHz. Computer con-
trol (USB 2.0 interface),traditional LF outputs.
SPECIFICATIONS:
- Antenna inputs: 20-1000 MHz and 1-3 GHz – 50 Ohm,
- SWRin <2.0,
- Sensitivity: (SNR=10dB, BW=12kHz) 0.5-1.0 μV,
single-signal dynamic range > 90 dB,
- Dynamic range with respect to intermodulation > 80 dB,
- Frequency pass band: 2.5…3000 kHz
(for audio reception 2.5…300 kHz),
- Selectivity by neighboring channel > 80 dB,
- Input attenuator: 0..30 dB, step 10 dB,
- AGC depth 120 dB,

- ADC capacity 16 bits, suppression of spurious channels - Signal demodulation: AM, FM, CW, USB, LSB, BFO setting
>90 dB, 0…±3 kHz with 10 Hz step,
- Frequency instability 0.5•10-7, - Power supply: AC 220V/50 Hz (DC 20…32 V),
- Frequency tuning step – 1 Hz, - Power consumption: 65 W.
- Spectral density of heterodyne noise ( f=25 kHz) –102…–
110 dBs/Hz,

STATIONARY VHF-UHF BAND DIRECTION FINDING STATION «RUBEZH»

OVERVIEW
Antenna-feeder system consisting of two ring antenna
arrays with diameter of 2.8 m and 0.6 m, lifting mast, unit of
wideband input devices and switching, receiver, digital pro-
cessing unit, connection controller, modem, power supply
unit, UHF-transmitter with antenna.
- Operating frequency band: 30-1000 MHz,
- Sensitivity: 5-35 μV/m,
- Range of received signal levels 100 dB,
- Instrumental bearing error: 1° (RMS),
- Minimal signal duration for its bearing to be determined:
200 ms,
- Frequency bandwidth: 5-150 kHz,
- Bearing timing accuracy: ±125 ms

61
 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

MANPORTABLE DIRECTION FINDER «FILIN»

OVERVIEW
Provides searching, signal detection and position
determination of RES operating in frequency band of
1.5 – 1300 MHz.
COMPOSITION:
Receiving and measuring device with AGC-proces-
sor and signal level indicator, carrier with indicator de-
vice and with set of attachable modules of directional
antennas HF, V, U, 20dB HF-attenuator, headphones;
receiving and measuring device cover, Khaki-colored
bag.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Antenna modules V3 and U3 of concealed carrying. - in frequency band 500–1300 MHz not more 10°
Operational error of RES direction finding in - sensitivity: 20-100 μV/m
field conditions: - signal level measuring limits –10...120 dB
- in frequency band 1.5–30 MHz not more 10° - time of continuous operation from accumulator not
- in frequency band 30–500 MHz not more 20° less than 6 h

PANORAMIC SIGNAL DETECTOR OF VHF-UHF BAND «PANORAMA»

OVERVIEW
Panoramic signal detector of VHF-UHF band «PAN-
ORAMA» efficiently detects signals of modern broad-
band communication systems including Bluetooth, Wi-
Fi and others.
Composition: Unit of panoramic receiving device;
executive radio receiver IC R8500-М; operator board
on the basis of laptop; special software of signal detec-
tion; carrying bag.
Operating frequency range:
- detection 20 - 3000 MHz
- reception and registration 30 - 2000 MHz

Threshold sensitivity of radio section of signal de- - Signal detection with minimal duration of 300 μs
tection (SNR=10 dB, F=12.5kHz): - Detection of broadband signals with frequency band
- in frequency band of 20 – 1000 MHz 0.8 μV more than 150 kHz
- in frequency band of 1 – 3 GHz 1.0 μV

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 DIRECTION FINDING AND PASSIVE RECONNAISANCE SYSTEMS

HF BAND RADIO RECEIVING DEVICE «GALAKTIKA-M»

OVERVIEW
«Galaktika-M» receivers are purposed for operation in
the composition of HF band radio complexes or autono-
mously. They provide reception and demodulation of wide
range of signals in frequency band of 1-30 МHz. Computer
control (USB and RS-232 interfaces), traditional LF and tele-
graph outputs, and digital outputs of I/Q-samples provide
wide range of functional capabilities.
SPECIFICATIONS:
- Antenna input: 50 Ohm, SWRin <1.8,
- Sensitivity (SNR=10dB, BW=3kHz): 0.3 μW,
- Single-signal dynamic range >126 dB,
- Dynamic range with respect to intermodulation > 90 dB,
- Frequency pass band 0.03..12 kHz (setting step 1 Hz),
- Selectivity by neighboring channel > 80 dB,
- Input attenuator 0..45 dB, step 3 dB (or 0..42 dB, step 6
dB),
- AGC depth: 120 dB,
- ADC capacity: 16 bits, - Signal demodulation: AM, ASK, CW, FM, FSK2, PSK2,
- Suppression of spurious channels >90 dB, USB, LSB,
- Frequency instability: 0.5•10-7, - Beat frequency oscillator setting (BFO) 0…±3 kHz with 10
Hz step,
- Frequency tuning step – 1 Hz,
- Power supply: AC 220В/50 Hz (DC 20…32 V),
- Spectral density of heterodyne noise (Δf=1 kHz) –120 dBs/
Hz, - Power consumption: 55 (30) W.

HF BAND MULTICHANNEL RADIO RECEIVING DEVICE «GALAKTIKA-4K»

OVERVIEW
«Galaktika-4K» device is to be operated in composition
of HF radiocenters. It provides signal reception by four inde-
pendent channels in 1-30 MHz frequency band and also af-
ford signal transmission in analogue or digital (I/Q-samples)
form to the consumer. Computer control (USB interface),
traditional LF outputs and digital outputs of I/Q-samples
provide connection of consumer equipment on subcarrier
frequency.
SPECIFICATIONS:
- Four antenna inputs of 50 Ohm,
- SWRin <2.0, Sensitivity: (SNR=10dB, BW=3kHz) < 0.5 μV,
- Single-signal dynamic range >126 dB,
- Dynamic range with respect to intermodulation > 90 dB,
- Frequency pass band 0.03..12 kHz (setting step 1 Hz), - Frequency tuning step – 1 Hz,
- Selectivity by neighboring channel > 80 dB, - Spectral density of heterodyne noise (Δf=1 kHz) –120 dBs/
- Input attenuator 0..42 dB, step 6 dB, Hz,
- AGC depth 120 dB, - Signal transmission in analogue form on BFO frequency
0…±5 kHz with 10 Hz step or in digital form with Fs=22.050
- ADC capacity 16 bits,
kHz (I/Q-samples: 16 or 24 bits),
- Suppression of spurious channels >90 dB,
- Power supply: AC 220В/50 Hz (DC 20…32 V),
- Frequency instability: 0.5•10-7,
- Power consumption: 65 W.

63
JAMMING
SYSTEMS
 JAMMING SYSTEMS

AUTOMATED RADIOCOMMUNICATION JAMMING COMPLEX «MANDAT-B1E»

OVERVIEW
Radio-communications jamming complex Man-
dat-B1E is an automated data acquisition and data
procession system. It gathers data on emission
sources and radiates aimed barrage jamming signals
within monitoring area.
The complex allows to reveal enemy grouping in
operational and tactical depth, to locate position of
military units, divisions, their terrain coordinates and
relocation based on enemy radio command lines and
radio networks.
Within the covered area (60km depth and 90km
front) and within the operating frequency range
(1,5-1000 МHz) the complex effectively jams up
to 80 fixed frequency radio channels or up to 6 radio
channels with FH technique – that allows to ruin the
management of enemy forces.
«Mandat-B1E» is intended for jamming ground-
based communication facilities using any kind of
modulation and operating either on fixed frequencies or with frequency hopping (FH) technique within HF and
UHF frequency bands. Selective jamming (both on time and frequency) as well as barrage jamming is used to
jam all previously detected frequencies.
FULL COMPOSITION OF COMPLEX:
• R-330RD - automated reconnaissance station (HF & UHF bands) - 1 unit;
• R-330KV1 – automated jamming station (HF band) - 2 units;
• R-330UV1 – automated jamming station (UHF1 band) - 2 units;
• R-330UV2 – automated jamming station - 2 units.
ONE POST CONSISTING OF AUTOMATED HF, UHF JAMMING STATIONS ENABLES TO
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING MAIN TASKS:
• scanning within a 1,5-1000MHz frequency range;
• automatic detection of up-to-date radio communication systems and sources of emission, including those
with FH technique;
• automatic classification and measurement of signals parameters;
• acoustic and visual monitoring of all signals;
• received signals data accumulation and procession;
• received data documentation;
• effective jamming within a range of 1,5÷1000 MHz of up to 40 fixed frequency communication channels
and data transfer;
• channels or up to 3 networks with FH technique;
• monitoring all high priority communication channels and data transfer links;
• received and accumulated data transfer to a command post.
COMPLEX CONSISTING OF 2 POSTS AND A RECONNAISSANCE STATIONCAN ADDI-
TIONALLY PERFORM THE FOLLOWING TASKS:
• determination of coordinates within coverage area (up to 60km depth, up to 90km front);
• effective jamming of up to 80 fixed frequency communication channels and data transfer channels or up
to 6 networks with FH technique;
• situational awareness data accumulation and procession;
• received data documentation.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

AUTOMATED RADIOCOMMUNICATION JAMMING COMPLEX «MANDAT-B1E»

OVERVIEW
The equipment of each station is located inside
the specially designed shelters, mounted on high
cross-country capability trucks of KRAZ type. All
UHF jam-ming stations are mounted on the armored
vehicles and inside the armored shelters in order to
protect personnel and equipment from bullets and
fragmentation dam-age. All units of complex are
equipped with air conditioning, heating and ventila-
tion systems ensuring normal working conditions for
operators and equipment in any climate zone at am-
bient temperatures ranging from -50°C up to +50°C
and wind speed up to 30 m/sec.

SPECIFICATIONS
R-330RD R-330KV1 R-330UV1 R-330UV2
Reconnaissance Jamming station Jamming station Jamming station
Application
station HF, UHF HF UHF2 UHF1
Operating frequency range, MHz 1,5 ÷ 1000 1,5 ÷ 30 30 ÷ 230 225 ÷ 1000
Time before jamming from the
- 2 (28,5M Hz) 0,3 (80MHz) 0,3 (80MHz)
moment of signal detection, ms
Coordinates determination
5÷10
accuracy, % of the range
Jamming signal strength, kW - 1,0 2,0 2,0
Coverage area (front), km up to 90
Coverage area (depth), km up to 60
Communication range between
up to 30
units of the complex, km
Situational awareness display available
Navigation system NAVSTAR GPS, GLONASS
Autonomous electric power station,
Power supply system
industrial power supply system 380V, 50 Hz

66
 JAMMING SYSTEMS

MOBILE GROUND RADIO JAMMING SYSTEM «LIMAN»

OVERVIEW
The modern concept of the operation manage-
ment conducts the significant role to the radio recon-
naissance, communication and control systems of
armies and application of the High Accuracy Weapon
(HAW). The high efficiency of modern arms provides
the defeat of the majority of the ground and air tar-
gets in the first air operation.
The blocking of the information channels of the en-
emy air control by the means of radio countermea-sure
is an effective counteraction in military occasions.
The mobile ground system «Liman» is intended for
the radio countermeasure of the radio communica-
tion and control links.
The distinctive feature of the system is the effec-
tive radio countermeasure of the modern jam proof
radio channels using Frequency Hopping (FH) mode
and FH in a combination with spread spectrum radio
signal (FHSS). It has been reached due to high speed
radio reconnaissance means of the system, applica-
tion of original correlation methods of the noise like
radio signals detection, high energy potential of the
jamming signal.

THE OBJECTS OF THE SYSTEM «LIMAN» RADIO COUNTERMEASURE ARE:

• all kinds of the VHF and UHF radio communications and guidance channels in the frequency ranges 100-
400 MHz used for the interaction of crews during air operation; for guidance of the aircrafts on air and ground
targets by the air and ground control stations; for transmission of a reconnaissance data from the aircraft to
the control station; for guidance of the aircrafts on ground targets by the forward air controller (FAC);
• the communication, control and navigation channels in the frequency range 960-1215 MHz (JTIDS,
TACAN types).
The system «Liman» authentically detects the radio channel signals of the air control station on a distance
up to 450 km. After this, onboard radio means – the receivers of the information and commands – reliably
suppressed on distances up to 200 km with radiation of powerful jamming in the frequency ranges 100-400
MHz and 960-1215 MHz.
The creation of the high energy potential jamming signal based on technology of the phased array provid-
ing the value near 10 kW in a low and 60 kW in a high frequency bands, that in ten times exceeds the energy
potential of the analogous jamming stations.
The energy potential of the system «Liman» jamming station provides the radio countermeasure for the
control channels on distances when the attack aircraft cannot independently to detect and strike the targets
that provides significant decrease in efficiency of the enemy air activities.
THE SYSTEM «LIMAN» STRUCTURE INCLUDES THREE TYPES OF THE STATIONS:
• control station – the product «Liman-ПУ» – 1 unit;
• jammer of the band 100-400 MHz – the product «Liman-П1»;
• jammer of the band 960-1215 MHz – the product «Liman-П2».
The control station is intended for the analysis and processing of the reconnaissance information received
from jammers, effective distribution of the total resource of the jammers over suppressed radio links, auto-
mated calculation of the current overall efficiency of the system, synchronization of operational modes of the
jammers, communication with superior command post.
The jamming station (jammer) of the band 100-400 MHz is intended for the radio reconnaissance and jam-
ming of the voice radio links and data transmission links with amplitude and frequency modulation operating
on fixed operating frequencies (FOF), and using Frequency Hopping (FH).
The jammer of the range 960-1215 MHz intends for the radio reconnaissance and jamming of the links, us-
ing noise-like radio signals and Frequency Hopping with Spread Spectrum radio signals (FHSS).
The communication of the control station with jammers is carried out by the radio channel on distances up
to 10 kms, or by the cable channel on the distances up to 5 kms.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

MOBILE GROUND RADIO JAMMING SYSTEM «LIMAN»

SPECIFICATIONS
1 Operating frequency bands for: «Liman-П1» 100-400 MHz;
«Liman-П2» 960-1215 MHz.
2 Jamming objects:
• in frequency band 100-400 MHz – all kinds of the VHF and UHF radio communications and guidance channels
used for interaction of crews during air operations; for guidance of the aircrafts on air and ground targets by air
and ground control stations; for transmission of reconnaissance data from the aircraft to control station; for guid-
ance of aircrafts on ground targets by forward air controller (FAC);
• in frequency band 960-1215 MHz – communication, control and navigation channels (JTIDS, TACAN types)
3 Kinds of jamming signals:
• jamming of radio channels with fixed operating frequencies spot jamming signal on time and frequency;
(FOF) mode over frequency band 100-400 MHz
• jamming of radio channels over frequency band spot jamming signal on time and frequency;
100-400 MHz using FH mode with minimal duration of
radiation on one frequency more than 13 ms
• jamming of radio channels over frequency band barrage jamming signal in frequency band;
100-400 MHz using FH mode with minimal duration of
radiation on one frequency less than 13 ms
• jamming of radio channels over range 960-1215 MHz barrage jamming signal in frequency band
using FHSS mode.
4 Single jammer energy power: «Liman-П1» up to 10 kW
«Liman-П2» up to 60 kW
5 Range of jamming area up to 200 kms
6 Range of the air control station (ACS) and long radar up to 450 kms
detection (LRD) transmitters finding
7 Automatic analysis and determination of radio signals parameters, classification of radio signals and selection of jamming
objects, selection of type and parameters of jamming signals, jamming signals forming for radio networks with FOF and
FHSS.
8 Jamming signal radiation by means of phased array (PA) transmission with automatic compensation of the non-
identical phase of amplifiers over frequency bands 100-400 MHz and 960-1215 MHz
9 Electronic scanning of transmitting PA antenna pattern –30 degrees
maximum over frequency bands 100-400 MHz and 0
960-1215 MHz in horizontal plane +30 degrees
10 Response time of the system:
• at jamming for the radio channels with FH mode, no more 0.3 ms;
• at jamming for the radio channels with FOF mode, no more 0.5 s
11 Maximum number of jammers («Liman-П1» and «Liman П2») 12
in the system
12 Capability of independent operation of Present
«Liman П1» and «Liman П2» jammers.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

MOBILE FULL-BAND RADIO-ELECTRONIC JAMMING STATION MODEL JYT-MJ01

Mobile station JYT-MJ01 is intended for the area FUNCTIONS:

and motorcades guarding at the explosives’ defusing lo- • Car installed; wide coverage, continuous signal jam-
cations to provide antiterrorist conditions. ming within 20МHz – 3000МHz range;
PARAMETERS: • Easy settings change due to its modular design; au-
Coverage: radius 100-500 metres (75dBm depend- tonomous control of each channel; separate adjust-
ing on the base radio station distance); ment of the control panel and driver to provide more
Power transfer: complete package  1100W 50- convenient operation;
140W per channel; • Frequency separation provides the optimal interfer-
Supported signal types: GSM900, CDMA800, ence effect at different frequencies
CDMA2000, DCS1800/1900, 3G, 4G; • Effective energy distribution minimizes power loss
Other signal types: remote controls, remote-pilot- and improves efficiency; energy supply is adjusted by
ed spies, wireless microphones, wireless telephones, means of a special mechanism;
pagers, car control consoles, GPS, satellite phones, • The system of antennas with a high gain factor ensures
WLAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. more precise signal;
Number of output channels: 12. • Integrated «intelligent» thermostat guarantees long
operating period;
• Modern fabrication techniques; waterproof and
shockproof casing;
• ISO 9001:2008 quality system certification.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

MOBILE FULL-BAND RADIO-ELECTRONIC JAMMING STATION MODEL JYT-MJ01

CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency parameters are adjusted according to the customer’s terms and requirements.
Standard parameters are given in the table.

Channel Frequency Power

Remote control 25-60 MHz 80W
Civil РРТ 135-174 MHz 100W
РРТ 200-300MHz 100W
РРТ/Car control 312-318 MHz 100W
PPT/CDMA450M 400-500 MHz 100W
CDMA 850-894 MHz 120W
GSM 925-960 MHz 120W
DCS/PHS 1805-1920 MHz 100W
D/WCDMA/CDMA2000 2010-2170 MHz 100W
Other signals 1100-1300 MHz 50W
GPS/ Satellite phone 1520-1580 MHz 50W
Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/4G 2400-3000 MHz 100W
Power 1120W
Total weight 88 kg
Antenna dimensions Antennas total:12 НЧ:1530 Ф 16 ВЧ:700 Ф35
Power supply Portable generator (5000 W)
Ambient temperature, °С -200С – 500С
Humidity 80%
Antenna parameters Omnidirectional antenna; amplification 7dBi
Design Shockproof casing, resistant to compression, detachable for a quick dislocation
Dimensions, mm, no more 9100x2500x3600

INSTALLATION ON VEHICLES

Antenna installation
1) Considering low-frequency antenna length, it is recommended to install this antenna at the car rear.
2) High-frequency antenna is installed on the car roof. The antenna movable mechanism makes it possible
to fold it while in waiting mode
3) It is recommended to install the set on crossover / SUVs to guarantee its efficiency.

Power supply
1) The portable battery is required for this device operation.
2) The output power of the power supply source in use shall not be less than 50000KVA.
3) It is recommended to use BUFFALO battery.

Cooling and ventilation

1) The device is equipped with proper cooling and ventilation systems.
2) It is recommended to provide the air inlet to ensure optimal air circulation when installed on cars.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

JAMMER «SOKOL-3»
POWER SUPPLY UNIT INCLUDING CONTROL MICROWAVE UNIT
CABLE AND POWER CABLE

SOKOL-3 Multi-Frequency Microwave Generator is controlled by computer. It has complex char-

acteristics of time and amplitude for examination of chaos in electronic devices for the frequency
from 15 MHz to 10 600 MHz SOKOL-3 with additional satellite downlink frequencies blocking mod-
ules and it is intended for the radio countermeasure of various radio means, radio communica-tion
channels of stationary, mobile and man-pack radio set, military radio-controlled armament sys-
tems, mobile phones reception paths of cellular communications systems, and also for protec-tion
of mobile vehicles (moving truck trains and single vehicles) and stationary objects by prevention
of radio-controlled firing explosives (mines, high-explosive charges, etc.). The given problem has
been solved by the radiation of jamming radio signal in all frequency range, where the use of the
specified control radio links is possible.
The system is developed on the basis of operating experience of the product similar to the des-
tination which is used by the USA peace-making contingent in the Middle East. The use of this
product has already allowed neutralizing some attempts of radio-controlled firing at the movement
of the truck trains (explosions have taken place after passing by the truck trains of the radio-con-
trolled charge position outside of the radio countermeasure zone).

PLACE OF INSTALLATION:
• SUVs;
• APCs;
• VVIP Cars.
APPLICATIONS:
• VVIP Protection;
• Force Protection;
• Vehicle Convoy Protection;
• EOD Operations;
• Event, Base or Venue Protection;
• Communications Jamming.

TESTED AND PROVED EFFECTIVE RANGE

OF PROTECTION OF SOKOL-3 JAMMER
IS 1000 METERS

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

JAMMER «SOKOL-3»
SOKOL-3 Jammer consists of the following components:
1. Microwave Unit: ALL COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
• Twenty-seven generating channels; ARE CERTIFIED IN ACCORDANCE
• Separate generating C and Ku-bands units;
WITH MILITARY STANDARDS
• Four of broadband microwave TWT power amplifier;
• Six multi-managed switch;
• Unit of measurement and display of output parameters; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF
• A computer control unit; OPERATION:
• Antennas system • Temperature range (outside) – from - 50 to
600C
2. Power supply units;
• Humidity – up to 95 %
3. Batteries unit;
• Atmospheric pressure – from 630 to 800 mm
4. Power cable; mercury column
5. Control cable.
EACH OF 27 FREQUENCY CHANNELS OF THE JAMMER:
1. Has a generator of harmonic signals, tunable in the frequency band corresponding to the channel
number;
2. Has a noise generator, overlapping the frequency band of the concerned channel;
3. Has a separate noise generators for c-band and Ku-band up to 14 800 MHz;
4. Has a separate generator of harmonic signals, tunable in the frequency band corresponding to the
C-band and Ku-band up to 14 800 MHz.

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS:
• Jamming range – from 15 MHz to 18 500 MHz
SOKOL-3 JAMMERS PROVIDES:
• Output power – not less than 1050 Watt
• Real-time jamming / suppression through the complete
• Accuracy of frequency setting – not less than 1 MHz
frequency range;
• Range of adjustment of the output power – 0 … 20 dB
• Field programmability for rapid adjustment;
• Parameters of the pulse signals:
• Modular construction for easy maintenance, repair and
• Minimum signal duration – 50 nanosecond upgrade;
• The minimum pulse period / pulse repetition cycle – 100 • Efficient power management and power supply
nanosecond
• Maximum number of the pulses during one cycle – 1024
• The level of suppression of higher harmonic – min 40 dB
• Power supply – not more than 2 000 Watt
• Dimensions microwave unit – 485x470x380mm THE MULTI-FREQUENCY GENERATOR SOKOL-3
• Dimensions C and Ku-band unit 485x470x380mm
IS CAPABLE TO OPERATE CONTINUOUSLY NOT
• Weight of the microwave unit – 35 kg
LESS THAN
• Weight of the C and Ku-band unit – 32 kg
20 HOURS WITH SUBSEQUENT
• Dimension of the power supply unit – 485x470x380mm
• Weight of the power supply unit – 30 kg BREAK ON 1 HOUR
• Weight of TWT amplifier unit – 150 kg
• Weight of power supply TWT amplifier unit - around 150 kg
• Total Weight of the SOKOL-3 Jammer – around 450 kg

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

ANTI-BOMB RADIO JAMMING SYSTEM «GARANT»

OVERVIEW
Anti-bomb radio jamming system «GARANT» is
intended for countermeasure and suppression of
radio control channels within frequency band 20-
2500 MHz of various radio means, stationary, mo-
bile and man-pack radio set radio communication
channels, cellular phones, as well as for protection
of mobile vehicles (moving truck trains and single
vehicles) and stationary objects by prevention ex-
plosion of radio-controlled mines, high-explosive
charges, etc.
Radio signal jamming is performed in all frequen-
cy ranges used for specified radio control channels.
The «GARANT» system can be installed on a ve-
hicle practically of any type. For example, it can be
installed on the armoured personnel carrier or on
the roof of the automobile body-van or on tank.

SPECIFICATIONS:
The system «Garant» consists of 4 units of radio suppression (RS): RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, RS-4. Each unit
consists of the four jamming transmitters and one high effective broadband antenna with the directional
pattern in horizontal plane. RS-4 unit consists of single transmitter and single broadband antenna. The
whole system includes 13 transmitters (the frequency range of jamming radio signal is divided into 13
bands) and 4 antennas.
Used broadband antenna by its characteristics have no analogs. The efficiency of the antennas in broad
frequency band is reached due to the use of special optimized inductance-capacitor inclusions along con-
ductor of the antenna.
MAIN TECHNICAL FEATURES
1) Jamming radiation frequency band 20 – 2500 MHz
2) Type of jamming wideband barrage
3) Total integral output jamming power 230 W
4) Distance of radio suppression (depending on parameters 75 – 5000 m
of the suppressed radio channel)
5) Power supply voltage 11.5 – 14 V
6) Power consumption 1 kW
7) Operating temperature of an environment from –40°С up to +60°С

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

GPS / GLONASS JAMMING SYSTEM «KUPOL»

OVERVIEW
System is designed for impeding operation of
the equipment which uses GPS/GLONASS signals
to determine current location by imitating structure
navigation signals.
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Working bandwidth: 1210-1260 MHz for channel
2 and 1550-1620 MHz for channel 1;
• Approximate jamming range – up to 15 km (using
omni-directional antennae) and up to 250 km (us-
ing directional antennae).
• Transmitted power – no less than 10 W on each of
two channels;
• Power consumption – less than 280 W, optional
power source – AC (110…250 V, 50…60 Hz) or DC
(12V or 24V);

• Full weight – less than 24 kg, approximate dimensions (excluding antennae and cables) – 380x290x180
mm;
• Operating temperature (-20°C…+60°C);
DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA SPECIFICATION
• Gain factor of directional antennas no less than 12 dB;
• Antenna weights less than 2 kg, direction diagram 40°x40°.
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS SPECIFICATION
• Antenna weights less than 2 kg, direction diagram 360°.
SYNTHESIS AND CONTROL UNIT REQUIREMENTS
• Unit synthesizes signals capable to jam GPS/GLONASS equipment and sends these signals with trans-
mission parameters (frequency band, time structure of the signals, on-load power) through coaxial ca-
bles to PAU1 and PAU2;
• Unit allows to control power and jamming type;
• Unit provides overall system diagnostic with indication of operation mode and detected system mal-
functions;
• Weights less than 2 kg, dimensions (200x120x100) mm;
• Power consumption – less than 10 W DC +24 V;
• Output signals:
• HF signals to PAU1 and PAU2 (0,1 mW …1 mW), low-power mode selection signals for PAU1 and PAU2
(logic level);
• Input signals: diagnostic signals from SCU and SPSU (logic level).

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

MOBILE OPTOELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURE SYSTEM «KASHTAN-3M»

OVERVIEW
Mobile automated optoelectronic countermea-
sure system KASHTAN-3M is designed to protect
all types of combat and auxiliary surface ships and
especially important military and civil ground ob-
jects against precision guided munitions (PGMs) –
missiles, shells and air bomb, equipped with semi-
active laser homing systems (SALHS).
The complex solves the task of protection by set-
ting of laser decoy targets (LDT), created at safe dis-
tance from protected objects on ground or surface.
The complex is available in navy and army ver-
sions.

SYSTEM PROVIDES:
• Enemy laser emission devices detection and bearing such as enemy laser designators;
• Laser decoy target (LDT) setting against High-Precision Weapon (HPW) with laser guidance;
• Target designation receipt from external information systems;
• Information data delivery to higher Air Defense ACS;
• Defense tactics selection depending on HPW configuration and number;
• Registration and documentation of information about tactical situation, laser designators radiation
parameters;
• Personnel training;
• System operability automated checking and fault tracing with defective module indication.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
• Enemy laser designators radiation detection probability is not less than 0,9
• Probability of the ammunition drift (re-aiming) on LDT is 0.6—0.8
• Time from the moment of the enemy laser designator radiation detection to the moment of the LDT
setting is no more than 1 s
• Continuous operation time (enemy laser designators detection and bearing) is 24 hours
• Start-up time to stand-by mode is no more than 3 min
• Switching time from stand-by mode to combat mode is no more than 7 s
• Operating wave length is 1,06 mm
• Light-sensitive cells sensibility is no worse then 5—1011 J/cm2
• Detection angle sector:
• horizontal angle from 0 to 360°
• elevation bearing -15 to +90°

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

JAMMING SYSTEM «VOYAGE»

OVERVIEW
It is intended to form jamming signal in order to
block receiving channels of mobile means of com-
munications, operating in frequency range of ana-
log and digital standards of cellular communications
systems. Device can be used for protection of ob-
jects against possible realization of terrorist acts in-
volving explosive devices, activated by radio chan-
nels of mobile cellular communications, as well as
for blocking communication networks’ subscribers
during special operations.
The operating principle of the product is based
on the formation of the broadband barrier frequency
modulated (FM) jamming signal in each of two fre-
quency sub-bands of the product.
The main distinctive feature and advantage of
this product is the usage of dual-band planar an-
tenna array with high amplification factors ~ 10-12
dB. This allows to implement high energy potential
of 30-45 W in the direction of maximum of radiation pattern and, consequently, increasing the distance of
suppression in a given direction.
«Voyage» product is implemented in two versions, differing in jamming signal frequency band, forming
and radiation.
Thus, «Voyage 0918» is intended to block operation of mobile communication devices operating in fre-
quency range of 925-960 and 1805-1880 MHz, and the product «Voyage 0819» - in frequency range of
869-895 and 2125-2170 MHz.
The system is produced in the form of portable briefcase with a built-in plane antenna array. The product
operates from internal battery and 220 V, 50 Hz AC network. Continuous battery life is up to 8 hours de-
pending on the type of battery used. The product does not require tuning and adjustment, and, after power
switching on, it is ready for operation.
COMPOSITION:
• dual band antenna
• jamming signals formers
• power amplifiers of appropriate frequency bands
• power supply unit.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

AIRBORNE RADIOMONITORING AND ELECTRONIC WARFARE STATION

OVERVIEW
The station is intended for radio reconnaissance
of radio-relay, satellite and tropospheric radio chan-
nels, as well as for jamming countermeasures on
operational and tactical control level.
The station operates at areas of helicopters bas-
ing in two operation modes: radio reconnaissance
and radio countermeasures.
In the radio reconnaissance mode the station de-
tects and classifies radio signals of means of com-
munication, and calculates their coordinates, gener-
ates a list of frequencies for radio countermeasures.
In the radio countermeasures mode, the station
emits jamming signals as well as conducts further
reconnaissance of the new radio communication
channels.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Operating frequency range, GHz 2,25-9,0
Power consumption, kW (At output power of boosters not less than 400 W) 600-6000
DP width in transmission and reception mode, both in horizontal and vertical planes:
• at a frequency of 2.25 GHz, degree 7,0-9,0
• at a frequency of 9,0 GHz, degree 1.5-2.0
Azimuth scanning sector, degree ±30
Scanning resolution, degree 1,5-2,0

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

INFRA-RED COUNTER-MEASURE SYSTEM «ADROS» KT-01 AVE

OVERVIEW
Protection of helicopters and airplanes from guided missiles with infrared (IR) homing heads is one of pri-
orities at the time due to high efficiency of such missiles. Last decades of local war experiences shows that
approximately 90% of all aircraft losses in military conflicts are caused by guided missiles with IR seekers.

SPECIFICATIONS

Wavelength band 1,8-5,5 μ and 8-10 μ

Source Wide band IR source
Coverage Azimuth: 360°
Jammer range at least 5 km
Ability to jam the missile seekers of the Instantaneous and simultaneous jamming of seekers with amplitude-
type phase, frequency-phase, time-pulse modulation
Jamming protection for First, second and third generation missile seekers
Communication interface RS 422/1553B
Jamming code software Software is designed in Assembler programming code and is flexible
for reprogramming and future upgrades
Pointing accuracy The system jams all the missiles with IR seeker in the field of coverage
that makes it unnecessary to calculate coordinates of a specific
missile
Power consumption Max 4 KW. There is no stand by mode for the system. It operates
continuously within the entire mission ensuring stable and permanent
protection of the aircraft / helicopter.
Power supply Standard power supply existing at helicopters / aircraft
28 v dc / 115 V / 208 V 3 φ
Environmental condition Compliant to MiL-STD-810E
EMI/EMC compliance Compliant to 461 D
Mounting on the aircraft Mounting interface for easy mounting
on the helicopter / aircraft is available

Electro-optical jamming station «Adros» КТ-01AVE «Adros« KT-01AVE cracks a trajectory of such mis-
provides active protection of helicopters from guided siles, as «Stinger» (FPM), «Igla» (SA-18, TPM), «Igla-
missiles with infrared homing heads. «Adros» station 1» (SA-16, FPM), R-60 (FPM), R-60М (FPM), R-73
counteracts to infrared homing heads with PPM, fre- (TPM), «Sidewinder» (PPM, FPM) and others. Thus
quency-phase (FPM), time-pulse (TPM) modulation interference signal excess over the target signal is
and to the seekers with high noninterference. not required.

THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF «ADROS»

KT-01AVE:
1. Station does not require information on type and
frequency of approaching missile seeker.
2. It works without missile warning system.
3. Station does not require approaching missile
tracking system.
4. Station provides circular and permanent protect-
ed zone.
5. It has rather simple design and, as a conse-
quence, high reliability and the reasonable price.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

INFRA-RED COUNTER-MEASURE SYSTEM «ADROS» KT-01 AVE

XS2
Pin Circuit Address
2 208V 400Hz Board 3
ADROS KT-01AVE WIRING DIAGRAM
4 208V 400Hz Board 4
5 Control+ XS1/8
7 +27 B XS1/3
9 GND Board 2

Radiator
Control XP1 XP2 Unit
Unit
ЄААЖ.468179.000
ЄААЖ.468333.000
Board XP3
1 XS3
XS1 +27 V
2
Address Circuit Pin GND (-27V) Pin Circuit Address
3
Board 2 GND 1 208 V 400Hz 2 Control- XS1/12
4
208 V 400Hz
XS2/7 +27 B 3 5 4 115V 400Hz(P) Board 5
115 V 400Hz (Phase)
Board 2 GND 4 6 5 115V 400Hz(0) Board 6
115 V 400Hz (0)
Board 1 +27 B 9 7 GND Board 2
XS2/5 Control+ 8 9 GND Board 2
XS3/3 Control- 12

Cable from connector XS1 to connectors XS2, XS3 should be covered with braided screen. Braided screen
should be grouded. Wires from pins 8, 12 of XS2, XS3 splitting should be intorted with a step of 30-40 mm,
then covered with braided screen. After splitting wires from these pins should be covered with braided
screen. Braided screen should be grouded.

ADROS KT-01AVE

ADROS KT-01AVE LOCATION

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

STATION FOR OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC SUPPRESSION «ADROS» KT-03 UE

OVERVIEW
The station is installed on helicopters and air-
craft equipped with two turboprop engines. The
station does not need any information regarding
type of suppressed missiles and successfully func-
tions without any launch detection system. In order
to provide the most effective protection of aircraft
the system must be used in combination with ex-
haust shields and / or flare dispensers.

SPECIFICATIONS: OPERATING CONDITIONS:

Power supply: – normal environment temperature from +20ºС to
– DC + 27 V; –15ºС;
– single-phase voltage 115 V, 400 Hz; – elevated environment temperature: operating
– two-phase voltage 208 V, 400 Hz. +60ºС, short-term operating +70ºС;
Power consumption: – lower environment temperature -50ºС;
– 208 V, 400 Hz – not more than 5000 VA; – elevated relative air humidity 98% (temperature
– 115 V, 400 Hz – not more than 500 VА; +35ºС).
– 27 V – not more than 500 W. The system consists of radiation unit and control
System weight – not more than 40 kg. unit.
Protection zone: by azimuth – 330º, by elevation
– from – 20º to + 30º.
Start-up time – not more than 5 minutes.
SOES «Adros» КТ-03UE ensures protection (mis-
sile attack failure):
- of helicopter – with probability 0,85;
- of aircraft – with probability 0,75.
Among additional features there are: built-in au-
tomatic test, re-programmability, unification (inter-
changeability of units), automated unified working
mode.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS
ASO-2V / ASO-2VM / ASO-2E / ASO-2E-E7R
AUTOMATIC RADAR AND INFRARED JAMMING DEVICES

Jamming is performed by series of 4 and 16

charges with intervals of 2 - 4 sec / 2 - 6 sec (for SPECIFICATIONS
ASO-2V) and 1 - 0,3 sec (ASO-2E)
Operating voltage, V 27(±10%)
Besides, ASO-2VM.0000-0-02 produces jam-
ming with volley of 2, 4 and 8 shells. Overall dimensions of the girder
768,5x1255x60,5
ASO-2V.0000-0-01 and ASO-2VM can shoot without connectors, mm
when barrel is directed upwards or downwards, and Weight, kg
others just with barrel directed downwards. ASO-2V 0000-0 12,7
ASO-2V 0000-0-01 11,28
ASO-2V 0000-0-02 37,8
ASO-2V 0000-0-04 12,7
ASO-2VM 0000-0-02 12,7

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

COMPLEX AIRCRAFT PROTECTION SYSTEM

ACTIVE FLARE EXHAUST

MAWS
JAMMERS DISPENSERS SUPPRESSORS

ADROS ASh-01V
ADROS AV-26V
(option)

ORIGINAL
ADROS KUV 26-50
EXHAUST
SUPPRESSORS

AAR-60
ADROS KT-01AVE FLARES
from ADS

SYSTEM GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The system combines separate components to a complex, which performs helicopter protection prob-
ability up to 95%.
Active jammer Adros KT-01AVE is the main component, which radiates specially organized disturbance
IR signal to interfere IR homing heads operation.
Another important component is KUV 26-50 (or AV-26V) flare dispenser. Specially organized flares de-
ceive any IR homing head (including two-color and pulse-length modulated).
Exhaust suppressors decrease helicopter IR visibility and accordingly decrease IR missile allowed
launch range.
MAWS allows to detect the threat and to save flare ammunition.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

SATELLITE RADIO JAMMING STATION SPS-1

OVERVIEW
Station is intended for reception, automatic de-
tection and technical analysis of radio channels sig-
nals in the frequency ranges of 225-400 MHz, as
well as for forming and setting of interferences to
satellite radio communications.
The station is designed based on the use of the
advanced technology of reception, detection and
analysis of radio signals, advanced digital signal
processing and computing.
SPS-1 STATION PROVIDES:
• radio and demodulated signals spectrums
displaying, as well as frequency, spectrum
width, modulation type and manipulation rate
measurement;
• possibility of data transfer by means of tele-
code communications in the UHF band using a
modem with transmission rate of 1.8 Kbs;
• automated control of the station units and
blocks operability;
• gathering and recording of information about the modes and the results of the station operations,
displaying of identification and analysis results;
• possibility to operate in standalone mode, as well as in centralized mode in conjunction with com-
mand post with the use of telecode communications.

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 JAMMING SYSTEMS

SATELLITE RADIO COMMUNICATION SUPPRESSION STATION

OVERVIEW
The station is designed for countermeasures to
satellite communications, organized via geostation-
ary radio relay satellites in the following frequency
ranges:
Channel Earth - Satellite: 7900-8400 MHz
Channel Satellite - Earth: 7250-7750 MHz
Satellite radio communication suppression sta-
tion ensures reception of the radio signals from sat-
ellites in the frequency range 7250-7750 MHz and
radiation of interfering radio signals to the satellite in
the frequency range 7900-8400 MHz
Satellite radio communication countermeasures
station is capable of simultaneous radio signal re-
ception and transmission.
MAIN OPERATION MODES:
«POINTING» mode comes to pointing the an-
tenna system (AS) of the product on a given relay
satellite.
The given mode provides possibility to receive radio signals frequencies panorama displaying that al-
lows operator to execute fine-tuning of antenna system (refinement of the coordinates manually), obtaining
maximum rating of total power of accepted signals.
«PANORAMA» mode is intended for detection of Satellite-to-Earth channel radio signals, forming of
database on relay satellite basic RF channels traffic and the dynamics of its changes. As a result of detec-
tion a list of radio signals is formed, which is further replenished by their exact characteristics, measured
in the «Analysis» mode.
«ANALYSIS» mode is intended for automatic technical analysis of radio signals (parameter measure-
ment) and recording of the measurements results to the database. As the result of analysis of the radio
signals the following parameters are defined: center frequency, band, modulation format, signal/noise ra-
tio, modulating figure duration. Carried out analysis of radio signal allows to classify radio signals of FDMA
networks with ВРSК and QРSК modulation. In the CDMA net analysis, there are simultaneously several
radio signals with different parameters. This mode provides possibility to automatically detect the code
compaction and to measure parameters of the expansion code.
«EXPLORATION» mode is intended to measure the frequency spacing of relay satellite basic RF chan-
nels and the delay of signal on a route Station-Satellite-Station. In this mode the operator sets the recep-
tion frequency of the retransmitting probe-signal, power and frequency of the radiation. Detection of the
received probe signal, measurement of frequency spacing and delay are implemented by using the cor-
relation functions of frequency and time at the level of the received signal less than the noise level.
«JAMMING» mode is intended for formation and radiation of interfering signal on one or more fre-
quencies. Radiation frequency is calculated from the frequencies of radio signals, chosen by the operator
from the database for jamming, taking into account frequency spacing of relay satellite basic RF channels.
Irradiation of jamming radio signals on several (up to 8) frequencies is implemented quasi-simultaneously.
Type of jamming signal is set from the selection: FSK, BPSK, QPSK with manipulation by pseudo-ran-
dom law with a given symbol rate, or noise with a specified width of the radio spectrum. Simultaneously with
irradiation of jamming signal, suppressed signal from the satellite is received, by characteristics of which
the effectiveness of jamming is evaluated.

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 DEFTECH GLOBAL
Office No. 509, Emirates Islamic Bank Building, BC8, Ras Al Khaimah, U.A.E.
Post box: 325305, RAK Central Post Office (Main Branch)
info@deftech-ltd.com deftech.ltd@aol.com
www.deftech-ltd.com
Tel: +971 7 2041532, Fax: +971 7 2041691

UKRAINE:
Tel.: +38066 6608433, Fax: +38044 2512539
INDIA:
Tel.: + 91 1204251472, +91 9818374269, Fax: + 91 1202457415