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Block Diagram of 8051

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Abhishek Perera
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19 views3 pages

Block Diagram of 8051

Uploaded by

Abhishek Perera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Oscillator and Timing


Oscillator: This circuit provides the microcontroller with a clock signal. All of
the microcontroller’s actions are synchronized by means of the clock signal.
Timing: In order to control the timing of activities within the microcontroller
and guarantee that each instruction is performed at the appropriate moment,
the timing circuit collaborates with the oscillator.
2. 4096 Byte Program Memory
Program Memory (ROM): The program code is kept in this type of non-volatile
memory. Typically, the on-chip ROM of an 8051 microcontroller is 4KB (4096
bytes).
3. 128 Byte RAM
While the microcontroller is in operation, temporary data is stored in Random
Access Memory (RAM), a form of volatile memory. The 8051 has 128 bytes
of inbuilt RAM.
4. Two 16-bit Timers
Timers: Timer 0 and Timer 1 are the two 16-bit timers on the 8051. These
clocks may be used for counting events, monitoring time intervals, and
creating time delays, among other things.
5.64 Byte Bus Expansion Control
The microcontroller may interact with external memory or peripherals thanks
to bus expansion control. It facilitates the extension of control signals for
external devices and the accessible memory area.
6. Programmable I/O
Programmable Input/Output Ports: The four I/O ports (Ports 0 through 3) of
the 8051 microcontroller may be configured to carry out a range of input and
output operations.
7. Programmable Serial Port
Serial Port (UART): Serial communication is made possible via the Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART). It can send and receive data
concurrently while operating in full duplex mode.
8. Synchronous Shifter
Data is shifted in and out of the microcontroller in synchrony using a
synchronous shifter. It is frequently employed in communication protocols
when exact time is necessary.
9. 8051 CPU
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The microcontroller’s central processing unit
(CPU) is responsible for carrying out instructions read from program memory.
It controls the other parts, handles data flow inside the microcontroller, and
executes arithmetic and logic operations.
Together, these parts provide the 8051 microcontroller its versatility and
strength as an embedded system application tool.

List the important blocks of the 8051 MCU and briefly describe each block by giving examples.

8051CPU- CPU which is known as the brain of the microcontroller is responsible for carrying
out and executing instructions from program memory and performing arithmetic and logic
operations.
E.g.: Arithmetic Operations-Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
Logic operations-Logical AND, Logical OR, Logical XOR, Logical NOT
The 8051 CPU includes an (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)ALU, accumulator(A register), registers,
and a program counter.

Oscillator and Timing-Oscillator provides a clock signal. All of the microcontroller’s actions
are synchronized by means of this clock signal. Timing circuit requires to assure that each
instruction is performed at the right moment when timing activities are controlled within
microcontroller.
E.g.: Crystal oscillators are mostly used as microcontrollers’ oscillator circuits.

4096 bytes program memory- Program memory is used to store the instructions of a
program which are executed by CPU. As program memory, 8051 microcontroller includes
4096 bytes read only memory (ROM) which is non-volatile memory.

128 bytes Data memory- Data memory is used to store program instructions temporarily
when the microcontroller is in operation. Typically, 8051 microcontroller includes 128 bytes
RAM (Random Access Memory) which is volatile memory as data memory.

Programmable Input/Output ports (I/O ports)- 8051 MCU has four 8-bit I/O ports (Port0,
Port1, Port2, Port3) which can be configured as either input or output when it is connected
to external devices.
E.g.: LEDs, LCD displays, Sensors, Actuators

Timers and counters- 8051 MCU has two 16-bit programmable timers (Timer 0 and Timer
1) which are used to count events, monitor time intervals and create time delays.
E.g.: Counting events- Counting the on/off states of LED
Time delays- Delay the time of lighting the LED after switch on
Programmable serial port- 8051 MCU includes a built-in serial port which is known as
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) that can be used for asynchronous serial
communication with other devices.
E.g.: Receiving data from a PC to microcontroller via serial port

64 bytes Bus expansion control-8051 MCU consists a bus controller that manages data
transfer between the 8051 CPU and peripheral devices such as memory or input/output
devices.

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