2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

ANU ASTR1001
Astrophysics 帮助

课程 进度 讨论

课程 / Timed Test 2 / Test 2

You are taking "Test 2" as 计时测验. Show more

End My Exam 02:54:32

上一节 下一节

Test 2
收藏此页

计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 1/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

Tests 截止日期Apr 15, 2024 18:00 CST 已完成

The test takes you step-by-step through some of the major parts of the mystery. While it will
certainly be helpful if you have been following the mystery discussions throughout the course, the
exam is self-contained, and you should be able to complete it without referring back to the mystery.
The exam should be your own work. We ask that you not help people on the discussion forum with
exam questions. However, if there is a technical problem or an error in one of the questions, please
let us know!
Good luck!

The most striking feature in Mog's skies is that all the stars appear in a single line across the sky. To
begin with, you only had poor quality data, but you were able to measure the doppler-shifts of all
the stars, and hence determine whether they were moving towards or away from Mog, and how
fast.
The first clue came from a plot of this radial velocity against apparent position in the sky. The
apparent position is described by the "Right Ascension" angle. Odin (the strange pink star in the
apparent centre) has a right ascension angle of 0. For all other stars, the right ascension is the angle
away from Odin (positive in one direction, negative in the other).
What would you expect this plot to look like?
Here are some possibilities:

Note - positive radial velocities indicate motion away from Mog. The right ascension axes run from
-180 degrees to +180 degrees (left to right).

X1 计算器
分 已评分
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 2/21
 1 / 1分（已评分）
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

Imagine that all the stars had been fired out of Odin in one enormous explosion. The fastest moving
stars have by now moved further from Odin, while the slower ones are closer in. Mog orbits one of
these stars (and all velocities are relative to that of Mog's star). For some unknown reason, stars
were only fired out in one plane. You may assume that Mog is roughly half way out on one side of
the explosion.
Which of the curves in the above diagram would you expect to see if this theory was correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I


Explanation
This would actually be the same as the "exploding egg" model we covered in the first course.
All the stars would appear to move away from Mog (the ones further out because they are moving
faster, the ones closer in because they are being left behind). Nearby ones would move away slowly,
distant ones would move away fast. You would see the biggest range of velocities near Odin,
because stars in that direction would have the greatest range of distances.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 1 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X2
0 / 1分（已评分）
Now let's think about an alternative model, What if all the stars started off stationary, distributed in
a circular disk. Odin's gravity is slowly pulling them in towards the centre. The stars closest to Odin
are moving fastest, because of the stronger gravity.
Which of the curves in the above diagram would you expect to see if this theory was correct?
A
B
C
计算器
D
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 3/21
2024/3/19 02:11
D Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

E


F
G
H
I


Explanation
When we look directly towards Odin, we would see stars on the near side moving slowly away
(because their infall speed is greater than Mog's), and also stars on the far side falling in. At 90
degrees, the stars will be moving in on converging paths. At 180 degrees, the stars are being left
behind.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X3
0 / 1分（已评分）
Now let's think about a third model. What if Odin is a massive object and all the stars are in circular
orbits around it? You may assume that they are all spinning in the same direction, and that Mog is
roughly half way out.
Which of the curves in the above diagram would you expect to see if this theory was correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F


G
H
I


Explanation 计算器
Wh l k di l d Odi ll h ill b i ih l h li f ih
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 4/21
 When we look directly towards Odin, all the stars will be moving at right angles to the line of sight,
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

so we will see no radial velocities. Just to either side of Odin, however, we will see the lcosest in
stars, which will be moving the fastest (to counteract the strength of Odin's gravity this close in).
One one side we will therefore see large velocities towards us, on the other, large velocities away
from us. As we lok away, we will be seeing slowed moving stars. At 90 degrees, the stars we see will
be further from Odin than Mog is and hence moving slower than us - so we will be catching up with
the ones in front.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

Here is the actual observed plot of radial velocity against Right Ascension:

By comparing it to your answers to the above questions, you can work out the geometry of the stars
and how they are moving.

X4
0.0 / 5.0分（已评分）
We can also use this understanding to estimate the mass of Odin.
Consider the star Honir. It lies only 2.36 degrees from Odin, and is moving towards Mog at 3908
m/s. Let us assume that Honir lies at the same distance to Mog as Odin does, and that this distance
is 57.3 parsecs (a parsec is ). Given this assumption, we can estimate Odin's mass.
Enter the mass of Odin in kg. You may assume Honir is at the same distance as Odin and moving in a
circular orbit around it.
2  Answer: 1.67e34

(Note - Honir is actually not quite at the same distance as Odin, so your answer here will be an
underestimate of Odin's true mass)
Explanation
First, you must convert the angle 2.36 degrees into a distance. You do this by converting it into
radians and multiplying by 57.3 pc. Then you need to balance centrifugal force against gravity, to 计算器
t ti f th f Odi d d t k H i i i thi i l
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 5/21
 get an equation for the mass of Odin needed to keep Honir moving in this circle:
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X5
0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
Early on, this was all you could measure, as your telescopes were so poor. But the reason for the
poor telescope performance was soon figured out - it was a combination of poorly mixed glasses in
lenses (which actually was a real historical problem with early telescopes, and was solved by
Fraunhofer in the early 19th century), and twilight turbulence driven by the solar wind interacting
with Mog's upper atmosphere. By observing in the middle of the night and using properly mixed
lenses, better quality data could be obtained.
One of the first new measurements was distances to the various stars. This allowed you to compute
their luminosities.
If Honir has an observed flux of and lies at a distance of 55.92 parsecs from
Mog, what is its luminosity?
Enter the luminosity in W:
4  Answer: 7.88e30

Explanation
Use the inverse square law:

and rearrange to get L.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

Two populations of stars are observed: population 1 (which has strong absorption lines from many
elements) and population 2 (with less absorption).
Presumably this means that Population 2 has fewer heavy elements than Population 1.
If you use the measured distances to plot the distribution of stars, you find that the Population 1
stars lie in a circular disk closer to Odin, while Population 2 stars lie in a larger disk.
We can plot the luminosity of the stars in the two populations against their temperatures:
计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 6/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

Note that for both correlations there is a tight correlation between luminosity and temperature -
with the hotter stars being more luminous. This looks like the main sequence in our own universe -
more massive stars are both hotter and more luminous.
Note, however, that the Population 2 stars seem to be capped at lower maximum luminosities and
temperatures. This presumably corresponds to a lower maximum mass. Either they never formed
massive stars, or the population 2 stars have been around longer and the more massive stars have
come to the end of their main sequence life, turned into giants and then died.
We don't see any giant stars - but this is probably not surprising, given the small number of stars in
Mog's universe. Giant stars are short lived compared to main sequence stars, so it is quite likely
(given that there are only a few hundred stars in this universe) that it's just the case that none of
them happen to have been caught in the giant phase.
We also don't see any white dwarf stars (stars that form when low mass stars die). But it appears
that the low mass stars in both population 1 and 2 are still on the main sequence - only massive
stars have died. And these massive stars would form neutron stars or black holes when they die.

X6
0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
We know the luminosity L and temperature T of each star. If we assume that it radiates like a black
body (i.e. the power radiated per unit area is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann equation), we can thus
work out what the surface area and hence radius of each star is.
Write down an equation for the radius of a star of luminosity L and temperature T. Write the Stefan-
Boltzmann constant as s. Explicitly indicate multiplication with a * symbol, write as pi, take square
roots with sqrt(...), and raise to powers with ^ (e.g. x^y is ).

r=
5  Answer: sqrt(L/(4*pi*s*T*T*T*T))

Explanation
We know that and that the surface area of a sphere is . Thus

Rearranging, we get that

计算器
提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 7/21
2024/3/19 02:11
您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

 答案会显示在问题中

With your new and improved telescopes, you can at last make accurate flux and radial velocity
measurements and hence look for planets around nearby stars. Here is the data for the star Tyr:

(digital version of the data, in csv format, can be found here)

Flux measurements over the same period are shown below:

计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 8/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

Note: the most obvious transits have been labelled. Digital data available here.

X7
0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
Which one or more of the following can you deduce from the above data?
Select all the answers that you can deduce with reasonable confidence.
There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 45 days
There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 90 days


There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 135 days

There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 180 days
There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 230 days
There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 370 days


There is a planet orbiting Tyr with a period of around 500 days

There is evidence for one additional planet with a period of 700 days or longer
There is evidence for at least two additional planets with a periods of 700 days or longer


There is evidence for at least three additional planets with a periods of 700 days or longer


There are recurring transits at 90.6 day intervals, so there is clearly a planet with this period. There
are also three shallower transits, all separated by 374 days, which indicates a planet with this
period. Three more transits are seen, which do not all have the same spacing. Either two come from
one planet while the third comes from a different one, or they come from three different long period
planets.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X8
0 / 1分（已评分）
Which of the labelled transits in the above flux plot are caused by the planet with the shortest
orbital period?
Select all the labelled transits caused by this planet.
计算器
A
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_… 9/21
2024/3/19 02:11
A Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

B
C


D
E


F
G


H


I


J
K


L


M


N


O


P
Q
R


S


You need to pick out the transits regularly spaced with a period of around 90 days.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2
计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 10/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

 答案会显示在问题中

X9
0.0 / 1.0分（已评分）
Roughly speaking, what is the speed with which the star Tyr is moving due to the gravity of the
shortest period planet orbiting it?
Select the closest value (in metres per second)
0.7 m/s
1.5 m/s


3 m/s
4 m/s
5 m/s
6 m/s
7 m/s


Explanation
This is the amplitude of the oscillation (i.e. the distance from the centre to the peak on one side).
You want to go roughly through the middle of the error bars.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X10
0.0 / 5.0分（已评分）
Consider the planet which is orbiting closest to Tyr.
How large is this planet (i.e. what is its radius)?
Tyr itself has a radius of .
Enter the radius of the planet in metres.
6  Answer: 2.18e7

(All answers within 20% of the true value will be accepted).

Explanation
When unobscured, the flux of Tyr is around 0.4460, but during the transits of the shortest period
planet this drops to around 0.4453. Thus the planet is blocking a fraction (0.4460-0.4453)/0.4460 计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 11/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

of the light from the star. The square root of this ratio gives us the ratio of their radii.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X11
0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
One of the planets orbiting Tyr has an orbital period of 1204 days. If Tyr has a mass of
, how far out is this planet?
Enter the radius of the orbit of this planet, in metres.
2  Answer: 3.125e11

Explanation
The orbital radius is given by the equation

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X12
0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
If the planet in the above question causes a reflex motion of velocity 6.77 m/s in Tyr, what is the
mass of the planet?
Enter the mass of the planet in kg:
4  Answer: 5.92e26

Explanation

Rearrange this to make the subject and substitute in the numbers.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

Most Type 2 stars have planetary systems similar to Tyr - a bunch of planets in circular orbits at 计算器
varying distances. Some are too cold for life, some too hot and some are just right. All cause
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 12/21
2024/3/19 02:11
varying distances. Some are too cold for life, some too hot and some are just right. All cause
Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

transits, implying that everything is remarkably well lined up in a single plane. From their radii and
masses, you can measure densities and see if they are gas giants or small rocky planets.
Type 1 stars, in contrast, seem only to have a single massive, compact planet each. However, some
occasional very strange transit light dips are seen from these stars:

Here are some possible models which might explain a light-curve of this form:

计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 13/21
 X13
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

0.0 / 3.0分（已评分）
Which of these models could produce a light-curve like that observed?
Tick all that might match the data.
A
B
C


D
E
F


G
H
I


The initial steep drop is when the front of the object passes the first edge of the star, and the
subsequent steep rise is when the front of the object leaves the second edge of the star. Both are
steepest initially and then become flatter, indicating that the leading edge of the object blocks the
most starlight, while the trailing parts block progressively less starlight. So we want something with
maximum absorption at the front followed by a steadily decreasing amount of absorption.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

In addition to the two populations of stars, there are clearly large numbers of invisible but massive
objects orbiting around Odin. They are seen from their X-ray emission, and one of them passed in
front of Odin and micro-lensed it. They are more uniformly distributed around the sky than the stars,
and so probably form a larger disk.
One of these objects lies very close to Loki, and seems to be responsible for its anomalous motion.
Consider a star moving under the influence of a massive dark object:

计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 14/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

This diagram shows three possible paths that Loki might take around the invisible X-ray sources (A,
B and C), and 8 possible directions in which Mog might lie (1-8). If, for example, Mog lies in direction
6, that means we are observing the motion from the bottom, and that downward motion will give a
negative radial velocity from our point of view.

X14
0.0 / 1.0分（已评分）
Imagine that a plot of Loki's radial velocity against time looked like this:

Note - positive radial velocities indicate motion away from Mog.

Pick one orbit shape (A, B or C) and one direction to Mog (1-8) that would give a radial velocity plot
like this.
A


B
C
Any orbit shape is good.
1
2
3
4 计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 15/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

5
6
7
8
Any direction to Mog is good.


Only a circular motion can produce a sine-wave curve (an elliptical orbit would give fast motion near
the dark object and slow motion away from it. The same curve would be seen from any angle.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X15
0.0 / 1.0分（已评分）
Imagine that a plot of Loki's radial velocity against time looked like this:

Note - positive radial velocities indicate motion away from Mog.

Pick one orbit shape (A, B or C) and one direction to Mog (1-8) that would give a radial velocity plot
like this.
A
B
C


Any orbit shape is good.

1
2
3
4 计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 16/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

5


6
7
8
Any direction to Mog is good.


The curve does not repeat, so must be C. The peak velocity is towards us, so our view point must
be below. It is initially moving away us so our view point must be to the right.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X16
0.0 / 1.0分（已评分）
Imagine that a plot of Loki's radial velocity against time looked like this:

Note - positive radial velocities indicate motion away from Mog.

Pick one orbit shape (A, B or C) and one direction to Mog (1-8) that would give a radial velocity plot
like this.
A
B


C
Any orbit shape is good.
1
2
3
4
计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 17/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

5
6


7
8
Any direction to Mog is good.


The motion repeats, but is not a sine-wave, so the orbit must be elliptical. Peak velocity is towards
us (and will occur when Loki is at its closest to the dark thing) so we muct be viewing from below.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

X17
0.0 / 1.0分（已评分）
Imagine that a plot of Loki's radial velocity against time looked like this:

Note - positive radial velocities indicate motion away from Mog.

Pick one orbit shape (A, B or C) and one direction to Mog (1-8) that would give a radial velocity plot
like this.
A
B
C


Any orbit shape is good.

1
2
3
4
计算器
5
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 18/21
2024/3/19 02:11
5 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

6
7


8
Any direction to Mog is good.


The motion does not repeat, so it must be in a parabolic or hyperbolic orbit. It starts off moving
towards us, so our view point must be to the left. Peak velocity is downwards, so our viewpoint
must be below it.

提交 您已尝试使用 次 次 2 2

 答案会显示在问题中

If you compare your answers to the above four questions to the observed radial velocity of Loki, you
can deduce its motion.

answers
That concludes the exam. If you would like to learn a bit more about what was going on in Mog's
universe, however, read on!
Odin is not a black hole - it is a white hole. It is the terminus of a wormhole from another universe.
Such things are theoretically possible in some model universes, so I borrowed the idea here. The
other end of the wormhole would be a quasar in a universe like our own (i.e. a massive black hole
eating the centre of a galaxy). The black- and white holes have angular momentum, so anything
flying out of the while hole only does so in its rotational plane.
Mog's universe was originally empty apart from this one workhole terminus. Three bursts of matter
entered the wormhole as the black hole at the other end of it swallowed stuff. The first burst was
made purely of hydrogen and had quite high angular momentum. So a large disk of hydrogen was
spun out from Odin. Over time, this formed stars (very massive ones, due to the lack of any metal- 计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 19/21
2024/3/19 02:11
p , ( y , y
Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

line cooling). These massive stars in due course died and formed black holes and neutron stars.
These are the X-ray sources.
Some time later, a second burst of matter flew out, this time with somewhat less angular momentum
and more heavy elements. This once again produced a disk of gas, but this time it formed a wider
range of star masses (including Mog). These had solar systems with multiple planets, not too unlike
Earth's. These are the population 2 stars. The more massive ones have had time to die (and form
black holes or neutron stars) but the less massive ones have not died yet. When they do, white
dwarfs will form. The lack of giant stars is just a matter of chance - giants last such a short time,
and there are so few stars in this universe, that most of the time there would not be any giants
around.
Within the last million years, a third burst of gas flew out, this one even more enriched in heavy
elements, and with even less angular momentum. It formed the Population 1 stars, once again with a
whole range of masses. Due to the large heavy element abundances, these formed quite different
planetary systems - with single massive rocky planets close in, orbited by moons, and with massive
comets.
While most of the stars are in well separated orbits which never encounter other stars or black
holes, Loki was formed in an orbit a bit too close to a black hole, and over millions of year, and many
moderately close encounters, its orbit has been slowly warped into something more elliptical. The
ellipticity eventually became so large that it had a very close encounter with the black hole.
The data you were given towards the end is of rather higher quality, and more uniform quality and
sampling, than realistic data sets. It is also (as many of you mentioned) highly unlikely in the real
world that an object like Loki would be followed up so little.
discussion
We've placed a forum below for discussion of the exam, and of the answers to the mystery. Please
上一节 下一节

保留部分权利

edX
About
Affiliates
edX for Business
Open edX
Careers
News
Legal
Terms of Service & Honor Code
Privacy Policy
Accessibility Policy
计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 20/21
2024/3/19 02:11 Test 2 | Timed Test 2 | Astrophysics | edX

Trademark Policy
Sitemap
Cookie Policy
Your Privacy Choices
Connect
Idea Hub
Contact Us
Help Center
Security
Media Kit

© 2024 edX LLC. All rights reserved.

深圳市恒宇博科技有限公司 粤ICP备17044299号-2

计算器
https://learning.edge.edx.org/course/course-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024_S1+type@sequential+block@3cc8d8f5d3a642db9481d8ab708de395/block-v1:ANU+ASTR1001+2024… 21/21