Civil Interviews questions

Slabs

Footing

Beams

Columns

Concrete

Problems

Brick work

Plastering Work

Painting work / Tiles work

Gone ARAVIND
 Civil Interview question (Structure side)

1. Tell me about your self?

2. Which company work for you?
3. Can explanation about your project?
4. What is a soil bearing capacity?
Answer: The capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the
ground.
5. Your site what is the load carrying for soil bearing capacity?
Answer: soft clay- 0.5kg/cm2
Black cotton soil-1.5kg/cm2
Loose soil-2.5kg/cm2
Compacted clay-4.5kg/cm2
Soft rocks-4.5kg/cm2
Compacted gravel-4.5kg/cm2
Hard rock-33kg/cm2
Medium sand-2.45kg/cm2
Fine sand-4.45kg/cm2
6. What are the different types of foundation?
Answer: Two types
1.shallow foundation-
Individual footings
combined footing
Strip footing
2.Deep foundation-
Pile foundation
Drilled shafts
7. Your site how much go for foundation depth?
Answer: Minimum depth 6ft.
8. Why are used for footing pcc? Which grade used for footing pcc
concrete?
Answer: PCC in foundation uses to provide a plain surface beneath
the footing and also to improve bearing capacity of underlying
surface of footings. Grade concrete is M10or M15.
9. Tell the how many footings are in site (one building)
Answer: Minimum 12 footings (G+2 villas)
10. Which grade of concrete used for footing?
Answer: Minimum grade of concrete used for footing concrete
work purpose M20- Grade.
11. Which grade of steel used for footing?
Answer: Minimum 10mm rods using for footing mat.
12. One footing how much steel used for your site?
Answer: calculate the footing size mat and no of rods.
13. How to calculate the steel weight? Can explain formula (D2/162)
step by step?
Answer: L*D2/162
3.14d2/4*1000*7850/1000*1000*1000=D2/162
14. Which company steel used your project?
Answer: Present market many brand of steel company’s(like Vizag
steel, jaya laxmi steel………)
15. How to calculate footing concrete quantity?
Answer: footing length* footing width* footing height
16. How to calculate footing load? Can explain step by step
producer?
Answer: 1.Self weight of the column* number of floor
2. Self weight of beams per running meter
3. Load of walls per running meter
4. Total load of slab(Dead load +live load +self weight load).
17. Describe briefly the various methods of concrete curing?
Answer:1.Shading concrete work
2.covering concrete surface with gunny bags
3.sprinkling of water
4.ponding method
5.membrance curing
6.steam curing
18. What is the minimum curing period?
Answer: Minimum curing period 10 days .
19. What do you understand by M20 concrete?
Answer: A grade of concrete with 20mpa strength, it will be
denoted bym20, where M stands for mix. These grade of concrete
is converted into various mix proportions.
20. Density of 1cum of weights cement, sand, concrete RCC and
pcc?
Answer: 1. Cement-1440kg/cum
2.Sand- 1600kg/cum
3.RCC-2500kg/cum
4.PCC-2400kg/cum
21. Why is concrete cube test carried out?
Answer: So concrete cube is used for finding out the compressive
strength of concrete (7days,14days,28days curing)as well as
ultimate load.

22. Why is concrete slump test carried out?

Answer: the concrete slump test measures the consistent of fresh
concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the workability of
freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with which concrete
flows.
23. What is bleeding, segregation, honeycomb of concrete?
Answer: Bleeding is a form of segregation in which water
present in the concrete mix is pushed upwards due to the
settlement of cement and aggregate. Segregation is the cause of
bleeding in the concrete mix. Honeycomb is the term used to
describe area of the surface that are coarse and stony. It may be
caused by insufficient fine materials in the mix, perhaps due to
incorrect aggregate grading or poor mixing.
24. What are the weights of
20mm,16mm,12mm,10mm,8mm,25mm(length rod)?
Answer: 8mm- 4.74kgs(40ft full length rod)
10mm- 7.40kgs
12mm- 10.66kgs
16mm- 18.96kgs
20mm- 29.62kgs
25. Initial & final setting time of concrete?
Answer: some types of cement set quickly, with in few minutes
where as others may take comparatively longer time. The initial
setting time of concrete is 30mins and final setting time of
concrete is 10hours.
26. Why we use steel reinforcement in concrete for construction?
Answer: Concrete resists squeezing due to compressive
strength and steel resists bending and stretching due to tensile
strength. This is enhance ductility, reduce long term deflection
or increase the flexural capacity.
27. Quantity of materials required for different works?
Answer: cement -1440kg/cum
Sand-1600kg/cum
Stone- 1450 to 1600kg/cum
Bricks-1700 to 1900kg/cum
Steel-7850 kg/cum
Brickwork wall calculation formula: length * width * height
Steel formula: l*d2/162
Plastering: length* height* thickness
Concrete: length* width* height
28. Which steel grade of used for columns?
Answer: steel grade fe250,fe 415,fe 500 present
Minimum steel is used for columns 12mm
29. What is the column size & height? How many rods are used for
column?
Answer: minimum Column size 9” * 12”, height 3mts
Minimum square column-6no's, circular column-8 no's
30. How to calculate columns steel quantity(BBS Method)
Answers: length+40d
31. Column size 9” *60”, steel 20mm-8rods,16mm-6rods,ring
spacing
6”c/c@10mm, height of column-4m. Can calculate the steel
quantity BBS method?
Answer: Given data
Column size -9”*60”
Number of columns-1
Height-4mts
Rods-20mm-8rods, 16mm-6rods
20mm length rods = length+40d=4000+40*20
=4000+800=4800mm*8rods=38400mm
=38400/1000=38.4mts
16mm length rods=length+40d=4000*40*16
=4000+640=4640mm*6rods=27840mm
=27840/1000=27.84mts
Total column steel 20mm=94.815kgs
16mm=44kgs
Total Column steel=138.815kgs
Ring 10mm@6”c/c
Ring cutting length:
X= 230-2(5)-2(40)
=140mm
Y=610-2(5)-2(40) =520mm
 Cutting length=2(x)+2(y)+2(10d)-2(3d)-3(2d)
=2(140)+2(520)+2(10*10)-2(3*10)-3(2*10)
=1.4mts
No of rings =21
Total rings weight = 1.4*21=29.4mts=18.148kgs
Total column steel =94.815+44+18.148
=156.963kgs
32. What is the footing cover?
Answer: Minimum footing cover 50mm, raft footing cover 75mm
33. What is the column cover?
Answer: Minimum Column covering 40mm
34. What is the height of plinth beam (Road level to)?
Answer: Minimum plinth beam height above road level to 1ft
35. Which dia of bars used for plinth beam?
Answer: Minimum 4rods using for plinth beam(bottom-2rods,top
36. Which grade of concrete used for plinth beam?
Answer: minimum m20 grade of concrete used for plinth beam
purpose.
37. How many types of columns?
Answer: 1. Tied columns
2. Spiral columns
3. Composite columns
4. Axially loaded columns
5. Uniaxial eccentric loading
6. Biaxial eccentric loading
7. Long Columns
8. Short columns
9. Square columns
10. Circular columns
11. L- shape columns
12. T- shape columns
13. Shape of steel columns
38. Can explanation for short columns &long columns difference?
Answer: Short column= L<12
Long column = L>12
39. How to calculate columns loads?
Answer:1. Column self weight* number of floors
2. Beams self weight per running meter
3. A load of walls per running meter
4. The total load on slab(live load+ dead load+ self weight)
40. Axial load, uniaxial load, unibio axial load procedure for step by
step?
Answer: 1) effective length
2. design aspects= 0.67~ck or 0.446~ck
3. short column Pu=0.4~ckAc+0.67~yAsc
41. Slab beam top rod minimum lapping length?
Answer:2ft
42. Which cover blocks used for beams?
Answer:25mm cover blocks

43. How to calculate slab beam load weight? Step by step

procedure?
Answer: 1. Beam width× height excluding slab
2. Volume of concrete
3. Weight of concrete
4. Weight of steel (2%) in concrete
5. Total weight of column

44. Beam length-14', beam size -9”*18”, bottom rods-16mm(3rods),

top rods-12mm(3rods),extra rods bottom place(12mm-2rods
length -8’), top extra rods(12mm-2rods length 6’). Calculate the
steel quantity BBS method?
Answer: Length=4267mm, cover =25mm
Bottom rods length= 4267+(50*16)2-2(2*16)=5803mm
Total bottom rods =3no’s
Total Bottom rods measurement= 5803*3=17.409mts=27.510kgs
Top rods length=
=4267+(50*12)2-2(2*12)
=5419mm
 Total number of rods=3
Total bottom rods length=3*5419=16.257mts=14.450kgs
Extra rods 12mm-4.3349kgs(8’ft length)
12mm-3.2512kgs(6ft length)

45. Concrete quantity also calculated?

Answer: Length=14ft, width=9inchs, height=18inchs
Quantity=4.267*0.23*0.457
= 0.4487cum

46. What is the slab height of your project?

Answer: minimum slab height 10ft (plinth beam top level to)
47. Which steel used for dia slab reinforcement?
Answer: minimum steel used for slab 8mm
48. What is the slab thickness concrete?
Answer: minimum slab thickness 4 ½” inchs

49. How to calculate slab steel reinforcement?

Answer: length*D2/162
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50. How to calculate area of steel formula?

Answer: 0.5 fck/fy 1-(√1-4.6mu/fckbd2)bd
51. Why are using for cranks in slab?
Answer: A bent up bar called as crank bar is provided to make
RCC slab safe from compressive stresses. When bent up bars
are provided the strength and deformation capacity of slabs
with bent up bars compared to slabs without bent up bars is
sufficiently increased.
2. Crank bars are provided to top of the reinforcement to resist
negative bending moment at the support of the slab. To resist
the shear force at the support. Bottom reinforcement resist the
positive bending moment at the mid span
52. Slab area 11’.71/2”*25.6”,dia of steel-
10mm,FY=500,fck=20,load=20kn,, cover-
15mm.calculate the steel spacing (bottom &top rods)
Answer: bottom rods: 4inchs@c/c
Distribution rods :7inchs@c/c
53. How much load carrying for Acrospans?
Answer:3000to4000kgs
54. How much load carrying for jacks?
Answer: 900to1100kgs
55. How to calculate the shuttering quantity?
Answer: for slab shuttering: length* breadth
Beam bottom: length*width
Beam sides: length*height*2(inside beam sides)
•
56. Which cement having high compressive strength opc or
pcc?
Answer: ppc has a edge on OPC as ppc has slower rate of heat
of hydration. There by ppc is prone to less cracks and reduced(
shrinkage) , better workability and finishing (as fly ash based
cement are spherical in shape and finer in size)
57. Why we not provide double mat for slab? Why single mat
only used for slab?
Answer: If two layers required for strength to use 9” or more
slab thickness because the lower mat cover is usually non
uniform to maintain 3”cover at the bottom for example the
space b/w bars 9-3-2 (top cover)-4*0.5=2. The above is assume
the bar aligned you could gain 1” by offsetting the bars then
10” is double.
58. Depth of foundation means?
Answer: Minimum depth foundation as per IS code 1080-1982
is 500mm from ground level but practice the depth of
foundation is kept at 900mm or even more. 4
59. What are the different dia of needle of vibrators?
Answer: heavy diameter of vibrating 25mm, 40mm, 60mm.
60. What is the gauge used for binding of steel?
Answer: 14,16,18,20
61. Opc &PPC difference?
Answer: In OPC permeability is more than ppc.
2. The heat hydration is higher than ppc
3. The curing period is less than ppc hence curing cost reduce
4. The initial strength of OPC is higher than ppc.
5. OPC is costlier than ppc.
•
62. Tests for cement?
Answer: Fineness test
Setting time test
Strength test
Soundness test
Heat of hydration test
Tensile strength test
Chemical composition test
63. 10cement brand company names?
Answer: 1. Jp cement
2. Birla cement
3. Penna cement
4. Bharathi cement
5. Raasi gold cement
6. Maha cement
7. Ultratech cement
8. Jsw cement
9. ACC cement
10. Ramky cement
11. Ambuja cement
12. Coramandal cement
66. Components of cement?
Answer: calcium , aluminum, silicon, iron, lime stone.
67. Steel tmt and tmx difference?
Answer: TMT bars ( thermo mechanical treatment) is a
metallurgical process that integrates work hardening and heat
treatment into a single process.
TMX steel bars is a high quality TMT bars. Thermax
technology is used for this, thermex bars unlike CTD bars,
have a proven record resisting loss of strength at high
temperature as during fires.
•
68. What is the main aim of mix admixture in concrete?
Answer: Admixture are used in concrete to enhance the
performance of the mix the various ways. Generally added
before or during the mixing process, Admixture can increase
the strength the mix, Accelerate or slow down the curing
process among other benefits.
69. Staircase slope angle(minimum & maximum)?
Answer:25angle to 48 angle
70. How to calculate staircase slope?
Answer: Tan= Riser/ thread
71. What are the causes of built collapse?
Answer: Some of the main cause for building collapses are bad
design, foundation failure, faulty construction, extraordinary
loads, unexpected failure modes, combination of causes
72. What is the bar bending schedule & how to prepare it?
Answer: Bar bending schedule commonly referred to as
BBS is a comprehensive list that describes location, mark,
type, size, length and number and bending details of each
bar or fabric in a reinforcement drawing of a structure.
Bar bending schedule used by the:
1. Detailer
2. Person checking drawings
3. Contractor who orders the reinforcement
4. The quantity surveyor
5. Steel fixer
73. What is the difference between RCC and PCC?
Answer: There is one main difference that is plain cement
concrete does not carry steel and reinforced cement
concrete carry steel in it. The other difference as PCC weak
in tension loading while strong in compression loading
where as RCC is strong in compression loading as well as
tension loading.
•

74. What is the compaction?

Answer: compaction is a process of increasing soil density and
removing air, usually by mechanical means. The size of the
individual soil particles does not change, neither is water
removed .
Objectives of compaction
1. Increase the shear strength and therefore bearing capacity
2. Increase the stiffness and therefore reduce future settlement
3. Decrease voids ratio
Factors affecting compaction
1. Nature and type of soil, sand or clay, plasticity
2. Water content at the time of compaction
3. Site conditions eg. Type of site, weather, layer
thickness
4. Compactive effort: type of plant( weight, vibration,
number of passes)
75. What is the consolidation?
Answer: Consolidation is the process which reduction in
volume takes place by expulsion of water under long term
static load. When stress is applied to a soil that causes the
soli practical to pack together more tightly. 76.Say name of
the compaction test methods?
Answer: smooth wheeled roller
Grid roller
Sheepsfoot roller
Vibrating plate
Power rammer
•

76. How can you measure workability of the concrete on field?

Answer: Slump test
Compaction Factor test
Flow test
Vee Bee consistometer test
Kelly Ball test
77. What is the dimensions of slump mold?
Answer: The mold for the concrete slump test is a cone
300mm(12inchs) of height, the base is 200mm in diameter and
it is has a smaller opening at the top of 100mm.
78. What are the types of slump?
Answer: True slump: In true slump concrete just subside
shortly and more or less maintain the mould shape. This type
of slump is most desirable
Shear slump: if one half of the cone slides down in an inclined
plane, it is called shear slump.
Collapse slump: fresh concrete collapse completely
79. What is the normal slump value for concrete?
Answer:100to 120 80. What is dewatering?
Answer: The removal of water from solid materials or soil by
wet classification, separation process, such as removal of
residual liquid from a filter cake by a filter press as part of
industrial processes.
81. What is the mix design of m20?
Answer: m20- 1:1.5:3
82. How many different types of slabs are there?
Answer: one-way slab
Two way slabs
83. Difference between one way slab& two slab?
Answer: one way slab are supported by the beams on the two
opposite sides. Two way slabs are supported on all four sides.
•
84. What is the unit weight of concrete?
Answer: RCC -2500kgs/cum

85. What is the specific gravity of cement?

Answer: 3.15
86. How much is the cover for slab?
Answer: 15mm
87. How many bags of cement for one cum?
Answer: 28.8bags
88. One cum of concrete (beam) how much steel% covered?
Answer: 1 to 2%
89. One cum of concrete (slab) how much steel% covered?
Answer: 0.70to 1%
90. One cum of concrete (footings,columns) how much steel %
covered?
Answer: footing: 0.50to 0.80
Columns: 0.80to6%
91. RMC mix designs M10,20,25,15?
Answer: M10: 1:3:6
M15: 1:2:4
M20- 1:1.5:3
M25: 1:1:2
92. How many days we can use cement from the production
date?
Answer: 3months
•
Brick Work Interview Questions

1. How to calculate brickwork quantity? Answer: length*

width* height
2. Tell me the Standard size brick size? Answer:
190mm*90mm*90mm
3. One cum how many bricks covered by wall?
Answer: 550no’s
4. What is the ratio used by brickwork for outer walls?
Answer: 1:6
5. What is the ratio used by brickwork for inside walls?
Answer: 1:4
6. How many kgs of red bricks weight(light)? • How much
water absorption for red brick?
Answer: red brick- 3.5 to 4kgs( 20% water absorption)
7. What is the density of bricks? Answer: 1800to
2000kgs/cum
8. What is the compressive strength of red bricks?
Answer: First class bricks- 105kgs/cm2
Second class bricks- 79kgs/cm2
Third class bricks – 35kgs/cm2

9. What is the sizes of bricks used in your project? • What

is the size of bricks used in internal walls?
Answer: outer side red brick sizes 9inchs*4inch*4inch(red
bricks)
Cement bricks- 12inchs*6inchs*4inchs
12inchs*8inchs*6inchs
•
10. What is the advantages of red bricks?
Answer: They are much durable and hard that they can
withstand severe wind and extreme weather condition.
Red bricks are great insulators, they store heat energy
absorbed during daytime and release heat after the sun
set.
1. Shape
2. Size
3. Colour
4. Density
5. Compressive strength
6. Flexure strength
7. Absorption value
8. Frost resistance
11. What is the advantages of fly ash bricks? Answer: The
main advantage of using fly ash bricks carries high
compressive strength, it is provided good thermal
insulation than red clay bricks, fly ash bricks cheaper
as compared to red bricks and fly ash bricks are
environment friendly. Fly ash bricks material:
Fly ash-60%
Sand/stone dust-30%
OPC and lime-10%
1.same number of bricks will covered more area than clay
bricks
2. High fire insulation
3. Due to high strength, practically no breakage during
transport and use
4. These bricks do not require soaking in water for 24
hours
5.High strength can is used for load bearing walls
•
12. What is the compressive strength of fly ash bricks?
Answer: The compressive strength of fly ash bricks is
three times greater than the normal clay bricks. The
minimum compressive strength of clay brick is
35kg/cm2. So fly ash bricks compressive strength is
100kg/cm2.

13. What is the water absorption for fly ash bricks?

Answer: 15to20%

14. What is the dimensional stability of fly ash bricks?

Answer: 230mm*110mm*90mm

15. What is the dimensional stability of red bricks?

Answer: 230mm*100mm*100mm

16. What is the difference between fly ash & red brick?
Answer: 1. Fly ash bricks are lighter in weight and less
costly than red bricks
2. Fly ash bricks are made of waste materials which come
from the combustion of coal in thermal power plant 3.
They are environment friendly because maximum is
ash and fly ash bricks has greater strength as
compared to red bricks
4.Fly ash BRIC compressive strength is 100kg/cm2 but
red brick compressive strength is 35 kg/cm2

17. What is the disadvantages of red bricks?

Answer: 1. Uneven shape
2. Labour intensive
•

18. What is the disadvantages of the fly ash bricks?

Answer: 1. Bonding is lower due to smooth finish, this
can be easily
2. Corrected by using a cement : motor of 1:4

19. How many class of bricks?

Answer:1. First class bricks
2. Second class bricks- 3. 3rd class bricks

20. What is the first class bricks strength?

Answer: First class brick compressive strength is 150kg/cm

• •
What is the second class bricks strength?
Answer: second class brick compressive strength is 70kg/cm2
21. What is the lower class bricks strength?
Answer: Lower class bricks compressive strength is 35
kg/cm2
22. What is the shape of first class bricks? Answer: These
bricks smooth and even surface with perfect
rectangular shape and uniform reddish colour.
23. What is the shape of second class bricks? Answer:
These bricks rough surface and not perfectly
rectangular shape.
24. What is the shape of lower class bricks?
Answer: These bricks soft and can be easily broken
25. What is the colour of first class bricks? Answer:
Uniform reddish colour
26. What is the colour of second class bricks? Answer:
Reddish colour
27. What is the colour of lower class bricks? Answer:
lightly reddish colour
28. What is the maximum water absorption of first class
bricks?
Answer: first class brick is water absorption 20%
29. What is the maximum water absorption of second class
bricks?
Answer: second class brick is water absorption 22%
30. What is the maximum water absorption of lower class
bricks?
Answer: lower class brick is water absorption 25% 31.
What is the crushing strength of first class
bricks?
Answer: The first class brick crushing strength is
10.5MN/cm2
•
•

32. What is the crushing strength of second class bricks?

Answer: The second class brick crushing strength is
70MN/cm2
33. What is the crushing strength of lower class bricks?
Answer: The lower class brick crushing strength is
30MN/cm2
34. Which IS CODE gives of practice for brickwork?
Answer: IS 2212-1991
35. Brick size is 9”*4”*4”, calculate the one cum how many
bricks numbers?
Answer: Brick size is 9inchs*4inchs*4inchs
Brick quantity = 9inchs*4inchs*4inchs
= 0.75fts* 0.33fts* .033fts
= 0.08167cft
= 0.0023cum
One cum brick is 1/0.0023=435number of bricks
36. Brick size is 12”*6”*9” calculate the one cum how many
bricks numbers?
Answer: Brick size is 12inchs*6inchs*9inchs
Brick quantity = 12inchs* 6inchs* 9inchs
= 0.3048*0.15*0.23
= 0.0105cum
One cum brick is 1/0.0105= 96numbers
• •

37. Brick size is 2’*6”*9” calculate the one cum how many
bricks numbers?
Answer: Brick sizes 2ft* 6inchs* 9inchs
Brick quantity= 2ft*6inchs/9inchz
= 0.61*0.15*0.23
= 0.021045cum
One cum brick is 1/0.021045=48numbers
38. Brick size is 12”*4”*6” calculate the one cum how many
bricks numbers?
Answer: Brick size is 12inchs* 4inchs *6inchs
Brick work quantity = 12”*4”*6”
= 1*0.33*0.5
= 0.3048*.10*0.15
= 0.0045cum
One cum brick is 1/0.0045= 222Numbers 39.
What is minimum lintel concrete
thickness?
Answer: 4”inchs
40. What is the minimum lintel bearing capacity?
Answer: minimum 6”inchs to 9”inchs
41. What is the minimum steel used by lintels?
Answer:8mm steel
42. How to prepare for lintels man wheel?
43. What is the standard main door frame size ? Answer:
3.6ft*7ft
44. What is the standard size of bed room door frames?
Answer: 3ft*7ft
45. What is the standard size of kitchen room frames?
Answer: 2.9ft*7ft
•
•

•
46. What is the standard size of toilet room frames?
Answer: 2.6ft*7ft
47. What is the minimum heights of window frames?
Answer: 4.3ft height
48. How to fix the door frames in the brick work wall?
Answer: Door frames are typically erected as the brick
wall are built. Holdfasts are fixed into the wall by
cementing them into the roughly broken niches in the
wall for this purpose.
49. How to fix the window frames in the brickwork wall?
Answer: Window framers are typically erected as the
brick wall are built. Holdfasts are fixed into the wall by
cementing them into the roughly broken niches in the
wall for this purpose.
50. How many inch of internal concrete bed work in walls?
Answer: minimum concrete bed work in walls 4inch
51. Which ratio used by outer side brickwork in your
site?
Answer: outer side brick work ratio is 1:6(9”inch walls)
52.Which ratio used by inner side brick work in your site?
Answer: inner side brickwork ratio is 1:4(4inch walls)
53. How many days of curing work period for brickwork in
your site?
Answer: minimum brickwork curing period time is 15days
• •
54. How to calculate the brickwork quantity?
Answer: wall length
Wall width
Wall height
Total= wall length*wall width*wall height
55. How to calculate the cement bricks load?
Answer: cement bricks materials
1.cement
2.chipps
3.robo sand
Cement bricks load= cement(kgs)+chipps+robo sand

56. Wall length=16ft, height =12ft ,width=9inch, window size

is 3.6inch *4.3inchs , door size 3ft*7ft. Calculate the how
many bricks numbers covered by wall? (Brick size
9”*4”*4”)
Answer: given data
Wall length=16ft=4.872mts
Wall width=9inchs=0.23mts
Wall height=12ft=3.66mts
Total wall quantity= 4.872*0.23*3.66
=4.101cum
Brick size =9inchs*4inchs*4inchs
=0.23*0.10*0.10
=0.0023cum
With out of volume of motor bricks =0.0023cum
With volume of motor bricks=0.24*0.11*0.11=0.0029cum
One cum bricks covered by wall= 1/0.0029=346numbers
One cum bricks covered by area=346*0.0023=0.7958cum
Cement motor volume cover=1-0.7958=0.2042cum
Dry volume = 1.33*0.2042= 0.271cum
•
•

•
57. Above question cement ratio is 1:6 , calculate the
without volume of motor how many bricks numbers
covered by wall? Answer: cement ratio 1:6
Cement= 1*0.271 / 7
= 0.0387cum*1440
= 56kgs
Sand= 6*0.271 / 7
=0.2322cum*1650
=383kgs
Without volume of motor one cum bricks=435 numbers

58. With volume of motor how many bricks numbers

covered by wall?
Answer: with volume of motor one cum bricks is
346numbers
59. Wall length=20ft, height=12ft,width=9inch, brick size
2ft*9inchs*6inchs, calculate the how many bricks numbers
covered by wall? Answer: Given data
Wall length=20ft
Wall height=12ft
Wall width=9inchs
Total wall quantity=20ft*12*0.75ft
=6.10mts*3.66*0.23
=5.134cum
Brick size is 2ft*9inchs*6inchs
Brick quantity=2ft*0.75ft*0.5ft
=0.61*0.23*0.15
=0.0210cum
• •
One cum brick is 1/0.0210 =48numbers
Without volume of motor brick volume= 0.61*0.23*0.15
=0.0210cum
With volume of motor brick volume=0.62*0.24*0.16
=0.0238cum
With volume of one cum bricks is 1/0.0238=42numbers
One cum bricks covered by area=42*0.0210=0.882cum
Cement motor volume covered=1-0.882=0.118cum
Dry volume = 1.33*0.118=0.157cum
60. Above question how much cement and sand covered
by wall? (1:6)
Answer: Dry volume=0.157cum
Cement ratio=1:6
Cement=1*0.157/7
=0.0224cum
=0.0224*1440
=33kgs
Robo sand = 6*0.157/7
=0.134cum
=0.134*1650
=220kgs
61. How to prepare for brickwork bill? Answer: brickwork
bill:
Step1: wall length*wall width*wall height
Step2: wall total quantity calculated
Step3: Total wall area quantity* rate
For example
Wall length-12ft, wall width-9inchs, wall height-10ft,rate-30
Wall total area =12*0.75*10
= 90cft
Wall one CFT rate is 30rs
Wall total area labour cost =90*30=2700rs
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•

62. What is concrete AAC blocks?

Answer: Autoclaved Aerated Concrete is a lightweight,
load bearing, high insulating, durable building products,
which is produced in a wide range of sizes and strength.
AAC blocks is lightweight and compare to the red bricks
AAC blocks are three times lighter.

63. Which is better red bricks or AAC blocks?

Answer: Red bricks are one of the oldest and extensively
used building material that is primarily made from clay.
Solid concrete blocks on the other hand are precast
concrete blocks manufacturing from cement and fine
aggregates.
64. What are made of AAC blocks?
Answer: Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks are
lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material
suitable for producing Concrete masonry unit like blocks.
1. Quartz sand
2. Calcined gypsum
3. Lime
4. Cement
5. Aluminum powder
• •
65. Does AAC blocks require plastering?
Answer: plastering is not mandatory for AAC blocks until
and unless it has uneven surface or you want aesthetically
good looking and good finishing walls. A thin layer of
plaster can be done for AAC blocks. AAC blocks is
mixture of cement, lime, water, sand with a small amount
of aluminum powder.
66. What is the difference between AAC blocks and CLC
blocks?
Answer: AAC blocks are lightweight building blocks. They
are not cut into masonry blocks or made into larger planks
and panels. CLC called cellular lightweight blocks
Concrete and it is also called as foam Concrete.

67. What is the size of AAC blocks?

Answer: present market places AAC blocks size is
2ft*8inchs*6inchs
2ft*6inchs*6inchs
2ft*9inchs*4inchs 2ft*8inchs*4inchs
68. What type of cement can be use in AAC blocks
manufacturing?
Answer: The suitable cement for the manufacture of AAC
blocks is OPC cement grade 53 that sets and hardness
and can bind other materials together.
69. Are AAC blocks load bearing?
Answer: AAC blocks are a recent invention and are used
as an alternative to traditional red bricks… AAC blocks are
used for load bearing as well as non load bearing walls,
panels walls, an inner leaf of cavity walls or a backing to
brick masonry.
•
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•
70. What is the type of motor used in AAC blocks?
Answer: AAC blocks are composed of quartz sand,
calcined gypsum, lime, cement, water and aluminum
powder.
71. How do you install concealed wiring in walls
constructed by AAC blocks?
Answer: AAC blocks walls, pipe conduit are installed in
the middle or the forms with pre-run wire or at least st
ring. That provides the channels for the electrical to end
up in the right spots after the concrete is set.
72. What is the weight of AAC blocks?
Answer: AAC blocks weight is just 13 to14 kgs only(light
weight bricks)
73. How to calculate cement brick weight?
Answer: cement composed materials
1. Cement
2. Robo sand
3. Chipps
Cement brick weight= cement(kgs*)+ robo sand+
chipps(Kgs)
For example brick size is 1ft*6inchs*9inchs
Brick quantity= 0.3048* 0.15* 0.23
= 0.0105cum
Cement = 0.0105*1/5.5 = 3.844kgs
Robo sand = 1.5*0.0105/5.5 = 672kgs
Chipps = 3*0.0105/5.5 = 10.50kgs
• •
74. One cement brick how much cement used? Answer:
cement is 3.84kgs
75. One cement brick how much chipps used?
Answer: chipps is 10.50kgs

76. AAC blocks how much water absorption? Answer:

AAC blocks are water absorption is 12 to 15% only total
volume of AAC blocks.

77. What is the shape of AAC blocks?

Answer: AAC block shape is rectangular
78. What is the minimum brick to brick joint gap? Answer:
the minimum brick to brick jointing is 10mm block.

79. What is the advantages local condition of AAC blocks?

Answer: AAC blocks depending upon local condition
1. Fire resistant
2. Pest resistant
3. Sound proof
4. Earthquake resistant
5. Long lasting
6. Cost saving

80. What is the disadvantages of AAC blocks? Answer:

The production cost per unit for AAC blocks higher.
2. Plaster some time does not stick properly because of its
smooth surface
3. Needs care during production it self, so that surface is
not very smooth.
4. Efflorescence occurs through motor and water.
•
•

•
81. What is the present rate of AAC blocks?
Answer: present rate AAC blocks 2ft*6inchs*8inchs is 60to
80rs/-
82. One cum how many AAC blocks required?
Answer: AAC blocks size 2ft*6inchs*8inchs
AAC block quantity= 2ft*6inchs*8inchs
= 0.61*0.15*0.20
= 0.0183cum
One cum AAC blocks is 1/0.0183
=55numbers
Cement ratio 1:6
With volume of motor = 0.62*0.16*0.21=0.0208um
With volume one cum =48numbers
Brick Covered area=48*0.0183=0.8784
Volume cover area=1-0.8784=0=1216cum
Dry volume= 0=1216*1.33=0.1617cum
Cement= 1*0.1617/7= 33.30kgs
Robo sand=6*0.1617/7=228.69kgs

83. What is the compressive strength of the AAC blocks?

In absorption test on bricks, how many hours it has to
be soaked in cold water?
Answer: AAC blocks compressive strength is 4N/mm2(IS
2185). AAC blocks are water absorption is 15% only and
8to 12hours soaked in cold water.
• •
84. How is the hardness of brick tested?
Answer: A good brick should resist scratches against
sharp tool or finger nail is used to make scratch on brick.
If there is no scratch impression on brick then it is said to
be hard brick.

85. What should be observed ideally two bricks are struck

together?
Answer: It is a test for soundness of brick. A sound brick
should not break. It should produce a clear ringing sound.
86. How is the structure of the bricks tested? Answer:
Crushing strength of brick is determined by placing
brick in compression testing Machine, apply load on it
until brick breaks. Minimum crushing strength of brick
is 3.5N/mm2
87. How many types of brick Masonry possible?
Answer: Brick work in mud:
1. The mud is used to fill up various joints brick masonry
work.
2. Thickness of motor joint is 12mm.
3. It is the cheapest type of brick masonry
4. Employed for construction of wall with maximum height
is 4m.
Brick work in cement:
This type of brick masonry is construction by laying
bricks in cement motor rather than mud which is used
in brick work in mud
A) First class bricks:
1.cement of lime motor used
2. The surface and edges of bricks are sharp
3. Thickness of motor joints doesn't exceed 10mm
B) Second class bricks:
•
•

•
1. Ground moulded bricks are used
2. Thickness of motor joints is 12mm
C) Third class bricks:
1. Brick are not hard, rough surface with distorted
shape
2. Used for temporary structure
3. Used in places where rainfall is not heavy .

88. Which bond is stronger in brick Masonry?

Answer: English bond is stronger in brick masonry.
English bond is much stronger than flemish bond for the
walls thicker more than 11/2brick.

89. How many types of masonry are there? Answer: load

bearing masonry walls
Reinforced masonry walls
Hollow masonry walls
Composite masonry walls
Post tension masonry walls
90. What are the different types of brick bonds? Answer:
1. Running bond/stretches bond
2. Header bond
3. English bond
4. Flemish bond
5. Stack bond
6. Dutch bond
7. Facing bond
8. Common bond
• •

91. What are the Mason tools? Answer:

1. Masonry Hammer
2. Trowel
3. Masonry saw
4. Masonry square
5. Mason level
6. Jointers
7. Mixing tools
8. Straight edges
92. What is the importance of masonry?
Answer: The importance of masonry repairs. Although
masonry chimney are durable enough to last for a life time
poor construction and constant exposure to the elements
of weather can lead to damaged to the bricks and motor
joints. Masonry materials are natural porous, which means
they absorb water.
93. What are bricks made of?
Answer: A brick is building material used to make walls,
pavements and other elements in masonry construction.
The term brick referred to a unit composed of clay , but it
is now used to denote rectangular units made of clay
bearing soil, sand, lime and concrete.
94. What is the brick bond?
Answer: A brick bond is a pattern in which bricks are laid.
It appiles to the both brick walls and brick paving for
paths and patios, as well as to Concrete blocks and other
type of masonry construction.
•
•

95. What is the course of bricks?

Answer: A course is a layer of the same unit running
horizontal in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous
row of any masonry unit such as bricks, Concrete
masonry units, stone, tiles etc….
96. How are bricks made today?
Answer: Fired bricks are burned in a kiln which makes
them durable. Modern, fired,clay bricks are formed in one
of three process – soft mud, dry press, extruded.
Depending on the country either the extruded or soft mud
method is the most common since they are the most
economical.
97. Which bond is must used in construction field?
Answer: English bond
This is the most common and popular bond and is used
most of the structure. The English bond consists of
alternative layers of headers and stretching. That is to say,
one layer will be stretched and the other layer of headers.

98. What is half a brick called?

Answer: When a brick is cut along its length, making it two
equal halves then it is called queen closer. Thus a queen
closer is a broken brick portion whose width is half as
wide as the original brick. This is also called queen closer
half.
• •

99. What is queen closer brick?

Answer: when a brick is cut along its length, making it two
equal halves then it is called queen closer. Thus a queen
closer is a broken brick portion whose width is half as
wide as the original brick. This is also called queen closer
half.
100. The range of spread from the wall base to outer edge of
brick work foundation does not exceed?
Answer: 1horizontal to 1 vertical
101. In horizontal D.P.C , thickness of cement
(1:2:4)concrete?
Answer: 4cm
102. The brick laid with is breadth parallel to the face wall
what is called?
Answer: stretcher
103. Wall size is 40ft length, heights 10ft, width 9inch, brick
size is 2ft*6inch*9inchs. Calculate the how many bricks
covered by wall and how much cement and sand
covered by wall?
Answer: Given data
Wall length= 40ft
Wall height= 10ft
Wall width=9inchs
Brick size= 2ft*6inchs*9inchs
Wall total area= 40ft*10ft*9inchs
= 40ft*10*0.75
= 12.192*3.048*0.23
= 8.457cum
Brick area = 2ft*6inchs*9inchs
= 0.61*0.15*0.23
•
•

•
= 0.021cum
With out volume of motor brick area= 0.021cum
With volume of motor brick =0.62*0.16*0.24=0.0238cum
With volume of motor one cum bricks= 42numbers
With out volume of motor one cum bricks = 48numbers
With volume of motor bricks cover area=
42*0.021=0.882cum
Volume cover area = 1-0.882 = 0.118cum
Dry volume = 1.33* 0.118 = 0.157cum
Cement motor 1:6
Cement = 1*0.157/7= 32kgs
Sand= 6*0.157/7 = 222kgs
Then
Wall total area =8.457cum
Total cement = 8.457*32= 271kgs
Total robo sand= 8.457*222 = 1877kgs
Total number of bricks= 42*8.457=356numbers (with
volume of motor)
104. Wall size is 8ft length, height 6ft , width 4inch, brick size
1ft*4inch*6inch. Calculate the how many bricks covered
by wall and how much cement and sand covered by wall?
Answer: Given data
Wall length = 8ft
Wall height = 6ft
Wall width = 4inchs
Brick size = 1ft*4inchs*6inchs
Wall total area = 8ft*6ft*4inchs
= 2.44*1.83*0.10
• •
= 0.446cum
Brick quantity = 1ft*4inchs*6inchs
= 0.3048*0.10*0.15
= 0.0046cum
Without volume of motor brick area= 0.0046cum
With volume of motor brick area= 0.3148*0.11*0.16
= 0.0055cum
With volume of motor one cum bricks= 1/0.0055= 182no’s
With volume of motor brick covered area= 182*0.0046
= 0.837cum
Volume covered by area= 1-0.837= 0.162cum
Dry volume = 1.33* 0.162= 0.215cum
Cement ratio 1:6
Cement= 1*0.215/7=43kgs
Sand = 6*0.215/7 = 304kgs
Total wall area = 0.446cum
Cement = 0.446*43= 21kgs
Sand = 0.446*304= 136kgs
105. Wall size 28ft length, height 12ft, width 9inchs ,brick size
is 1ft*9inch*6inchs.calculate the how many bricks covered
by wall and how much cement and sand covered by wall?
Answer: Given data
Wall length=28ft
Wall height=12ft
Wall width = 9inchs
Brick size = 1ft*9inchs*6inchs
Wall area = 28ft*12ft*9inchs
= 8.534*3.657*0.15
= 4.681cum
Brick area = 1ft*9inchs*6inchs
= 0.3048*0.23*0.15
= 0.0105cum
•
•

•
Without volume of motor brick area= 0.0105cum
With volume of motor brick area= 0.3148*0.24*0.16
= 0.012cum
One cum with volume of motor brick is 1/0.012=83numbers
Bricks covered by area=83*0.0105=0.87cum
Volume covered by area=1-0.87=0.13cum
Dry volume = 1.33*0.13=0.173cum
Cement motor ratio 1:6
Cement = 1*0.173/7=36kgs
Sand = 6*0.173/7= 242kgs
Wall area = 4.681cum
Total cement of wall = 4.681*36=168kgs
Total sand of wall = 4.681*242=1132kgs
106. What are the bricks with 3holes called?
Answer: Brick often have two types of holes
1. Core holes
2. Frogs
Core holes are three evenly spaced holes lined along
the center of the brick much like a hollowed out traffic
light. Frogs bricks contains one large hole that gives
the bricks smooth and recessed look.
107. How is red brick made?
Answer: Three things determine the strength of the brick it
self. The clay mixture, the compaction and the firing.
Manufactured bricks contains 50 to 60% silica(sand),
20to30%(alumina clay), lime 2to5%, up to 7% iron oxide
and little magnesia.
• •

108. What are bricks without holes called?

Answer: Bricks without holes (we just call them pavers at
my job site) were used years ago to pave streets. These
bricks can withstand a whole lot of pressure without
breaking or moving much.
109. Why do we put frogs in brick?
Answer Frogs are also created an extra recess of the
motor, resulting in a stronger bond between bricks ( from
keyed joint between brick and motor) to reduce the weight
of the bricks, so that bricks can be laid with convenience.
110. Why are Hollow bricks used?
Answer: Energy conservation hollow bricks can reduce
the use of cooling and heating devices as per the seasonal
requirement due to their thermal insulation property. This
reduces the energy consumption thus saving the
resources and your pockets. They also provide more
sound insulation as compared to solid bricks.
111. How thick is a brick wall?
Answer: 230mm
112. What is space b/w bricks?
Answer: The gap between the ends of two bricks that is
filled with motor is a head joint. The gap underneath each
course of bricks is called the bed joints. Open head joints
are weep or vent holes left at the bottom of a wall or above
a through wall flashing over doors and windows they
weep out water that condensates.
•
•

•
113. What is header course of bricks?
Answer: Each horizontal layer of brick in a masonry
structure is called a course. Brick laid flat and
perpendicular to the face of the wall are called headers. A
header course consists entirely of headers (horizontal,
short, narrow side laid on wide edge)

114. How thick should interior walls be?

Answer: Most interior walls constructed with by 2by 4
framing, and each 2by 4 has a nominal width of 3 ½
inches. Dry wall typically covers both sides and it is
usually ½ inch thick, which makes the wall 4 ½ inches
thick.
115. How strong is a brick wall?
Answer: Brick can have an ultimate compressive strength
is low as 1600psi,on the other hand some well burned
brick has compressive strength is exceeding 15000psi.
Because Portland cement , lime motor is normally
stronger than the brick, brick masonry laid with this motor
is stronger than an individual brick unit.

116. What is the density of brick?

Answer: density of brick is 1800to 1920kg/cum
117. What does 1000bricks weight?
Answer: one light weight brick is 3.5kgs
Then,
1000 brick weight is 1000*3.5=3500kgs
• •
118. How many lbs is a brick?
Answer: one brick is 6 pounds
119. How many bricks can a man lay in a day?
Answer: Brick layers on average lay 300 to 500 bricks per
day subject to weather conditions and the complexity of
the job.
•
•
•
•
•

Plastering work Interview Questions

1. What is the bull marking of plastering?

Answer:
Step1: Bull marking/Button marking plastering thickness
is marked by the bull marks. For internal plastering
12to15mm will be the average thickness. Plaster
thickness, plump, walls lines & right angles are
considered while fixing bull marks.

2. What is the purpose of plastering?

Answer: Plastering is the process of covering uneven and
sharp surface of the multiple components of a building
with a plastic materials like motor which is also known as
plaster.
Objects of plastering are as follows:
To qualify the external surface to combat the atmospheric
influence particularly the penetration of water
•
•

•
•

•
3. Which is used to ensure that the thickness of plastering is
uniform?
Answer: The first coat or rendering coat of plaster is
applied the thickness being equal to the specified
thickness of plaster less 2to3mm. In order to maintain
uniform thickness of plaster, screeds are formed of
plaster on wall surface by fixing dots of 15cm*15cm size.
4. IS code for plastering?
Answer: Plastering IS code is IS 1661-1972

5. What is the mix ratio for plastering ?

Answer: Mix cement and sand in the ratio of 1:6(1bag of
cement:6bags of sand) for inner Plastering of bricks and
outer plastering mix in the ratio of 1:4. On brick wall never
do plastering of thickness more than 12or15mm.

6. What is the internal wall plastering mix ratio?

Answer: 1:4- For external plaster and ceiling plaster
1:5- Brick motor and for internal plaster
1:6- For internal plaster( fine sand is available)
7. What is the external walls plastering mix ratio?
Answer: 1:4- For external plaster and ceiling plaster
1:5- Brick motor and for internal plaster
1:6- For internal plaster ( fine sand is available)
•

8. What are the types of the plastering?

Answer:
1. Lime plaster:
a) When lime is used as a binding materials it is
called lime plaster.
b) Lime plaster is a type of plaster composed of
hydrated lime, sand and water.
2. Cement plaster:
a) When cement is used as a binding materials it is
called cement plaster.
b) It is specially suited for damp condition.
c) Thickness of coat can be 12to15mm 3. Mud
plaster:
a) The surface to be prepared exactly in the same
manner as that of lime plaster or cement plaster.
b) Mud plaster generally applied 2 coats, the first
coat applied being 18mm thickness and second
coat applied being 6mm thickness
4. Stucco plaster:
a) Stucco is the name given to the decorative type of
plastering which gives excellent finish
b) Stucco plastering can be used for internal walls
and external surface.
9. What is the thickness of plastering?
Answer: Plastering for brick walls is
12mm,15mm,18mm,20mm. 12mm thick cement plaster is
done where the plain surface of brick masonry is
plastered.
•
•

10. What is plaster made up of?

Answer: Plaster, a pasty composition (as lime or gypsum,
water, and sand) that hardness on drying and is used for
coating walls, ceiling. Plastering is one of the most
ancient building techniques.
11. What is the maximum thickness of Plastering? Answer:
Plaster over Concrete or masonry is referred to as a
maximum thickness. Without lath, the maximum is 5/8
inch for walls.
12. What are the three coats of plastering? Answer:
1. First coat is know as rendering coat
2. Second coat is know as floating coat
3. Third coat is know as setting coat or finishing coat
13. Which cement is used for plastering?
Answer: PPC and OPC cement both are the best for wall
Plastering. How ever ppc is a better choice due to the
following reasons: more resistance towards the attack of
alkalis, sulphate, chloride, chemicals. Better work ability.
14. What are the materials used in plastering? Answer:
1. Asbestos marble plaster
2. Gypsum plaster
3. Kenee's plaster
4. Martin cement plaster
5. Granite silicon plaster
6. Acoustic plaster
7. Scogliola plaster
8. Barium cement plaster
•

15. What is the plastering in civil engineering?

Answer: plastering is the process of covering rough walls
and uneven surface in the construction of houses and
other structures with a plastic material called plaster.
Which is a mixture of lime or cement concrete and sand
along with the required quantity of water.
16. Is plaster a cement?
Answer: Cement plaster is a homogeneous mixture of
Portland cement, fine aggregates and water. Cement is
mixed with the sand in different proportion’s, hence this
plaster is called cement sand plaster.
17. . Is plaster dust toxic?
Answer: Can cause irrigation to the respiratory system ,
which in some cases may lead to occupation asthma. The
long term health effects of regular inhaling plaster dusts
during mixing are unclear.
18. .How do calculate plastering?
Answer: wall length, wall height, thickness
Quantity= wall length* wall height* thickness
19. What is the gypsum plastering?
Answer: Gypsum plaster, white cementing material made
by partial or complete dehydration of the mineral Gypsum,
commonly with specially retarders. Applied in a plastic
state, it sets and hardens by chemical recombination of
the gypsum with water.
20. What are the defects in plastering?
Answer: Different types of defects occur in Plastering
work such as blistering, cracks, flaking, peeling, popping,
softness and uneven surface. These defects in Plastering
need to be repaired as soon as they are observed.
•
•

21. What is plaster walls finishes?

Answer: Plaster walls finishes generally last longer than
paint jobs or wall paper do after plaster dries, it hardens,
stone like, similar to it is original form as raw lime stone or
Gypsum. In addition to wall finishes, plaster today is often
used to construct surface that need to be hard such as a
squash court.
22. Is plaster water resistant?
Answer: Plaster used on the inside of home is a different
materials altogether. It is water soluble and without care,
can succumb to moisture and humidity. Although interior
plaster can never totally be waterproofing there are some
steps that you can take to create a strong moisture
barrier.
23. What are the objectives of plastering?
Answer:
1. Plastering conceals defective workmen ship and
covers up unsound and cheap quality material.
2. Plastering on external walls is done with the objects of
improving the resistance of the surface to rain water
penetration and other atmospheric influence.
24. How thick is plaster over brick?
Answer: 12mm
25. Is white cement and plaster of Paris same?
Answer: Made out of Gypsum, plaster of Paris is a
white powder that is used for giving early coats to the
walls, giving shapes to structure or creating casts and
like wise. On the other hand, wall care putty is made
out of white cement.
•

26. Is plaster of Paris dangerous?

Answer: Plaster of Paris is classified as a hazardous
substances. It is generally regarded as a safe materials for
routine use but is not considered dangerous if worked
with responsible under no circumstances should objects
such as a hand or body part be placed into the setting
plaster.
27. What is meaning of plastering in construction?
Answer: Plastering is the process of covering rough
walls and uneven surface in the construction of
houses and other structures with a plastic material
called plaster. Which is a mixture of lime or cement
concrete and sand along with the required quantity of
water.
28. What is the pointing in civil engineering?
Answer: Pointing is the finishing of motor joints in
exposed masonry, joints are considered to the weakest
and most vulnerable spots from which rain water or
dampness can enter.
29. What is wall thickness?
Answer: wall thickness refer to the distance between one
surface of your model and its opposite sheer surface. Wall
thickness defined as the minimum thickness of your
model should have at any.
30. Can you use 3/8 dry wall ceiling?
Answer: Yes
•
•

31. How thick external walls?

Answer: The thickness of wall can be measured at a door
or window. A solid wall will be 230mm thick plus internal
plastering and external rendering and a cavity wall 30cm
plus plastering and rendering.
32. How thick is a plaster wall?
Answer: A traditional 2coat plaster is typically 7/8” thick
and when you add in the ¼” wood lath that supports the
plaster wall, you have a wall that is more than 1”thick
compared to today’s most common dry wall thickness of
only ½”, that is the difference worth noting.
33. What is the minimum wall thickness?
Answer: If you want to print in high detail stainless steel, a
vertical wall with a surface of 5mm2 only needs a wall
thickness of 0.3mm.
34. How thickness an internal walls?
Answer: Most internal walls are built of a single skin of
brick, 110mm wide, with the lime plaster on both side
taking the walls to about 150mm thick. You may find
thicker walls at ground level and where there are ducts or
chimneys.
35. What is behind plaster walls?
Answer: Most likely have traditional lath and plaster walls.
Wooden lath strips are nailed across the framing and then
plaster is applied to them. The plaster that oozes between
the lath strips is called key. Which locks the plaster and
lath strips together.
36. Is there asbestos in plaster?
Answer: Plaster is only has to be comprised of 1%
asbestos to be considered on asbestos containing
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material and therefore a healthy hazard. Usually asbestos

was only added to the walls that were fire rated such as
elevator shaft walls and the walls in commercial buildings.

37. Is dust from plaster harmful?

Answer: Can cause irrigation to the respiratory system,
which in some cases may lead to the occupation asthma.
The long term health effects of regular inhaling plaster
dusts during mixing are unclear at present but likely to
include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
38. Is plaster toxic?
Answer: Plaster is a non toxic agent, which can be release
nuisance dust in handling or during use. In this manner it
may affect eye, skin,nose and upper respiratory tract.
Prolonged and repeated exposure can result in lung
disease.
39. Is gypsum plaster toxic?
Answer: Gypsum product are not classified as dangerous
according to the EU CLP regulations. There are no long
term adverse medical effect from ingestion of Gypsum. If
ingested wash out the mouth and drink plenty of water.
40. Why plastering is required?
Answer: Plastering is done because to prevent water
ingress into brick work, since both bricks absorb water
form outside. In case of walls to make up the issue in
underlying brick work like plumb outs, diagonal outs
etc…
41. Is plaster a cement?
Answer: Cement plaster is a homogeneous mixture of
Portland cement and fine aggregates and water. Generally
cement is mixed with sand in different proportional hence
this plaster is called cement sand plaster.
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42. How many bags of cement do I need to plaster a
room?
Answer:6 bags
43. What is the multi finish plaster?
Answer: Multi finish is a Gypsum finish plaster for use on
a wide range of background it provides a smooth, high
quality of surface to internal walls and ceiling, and a
durable base for the application of decorative finishes.
44. How do you calculate the cement for plastering?
Answer:
Step1: wall length*wall height* thickness
Step2: Quantity wall total area* dry volume
Step3: cement mix ratio like(1:4,1:5,1:6)
Step4: cement*dry volume/ total mix ratio volume Strp5:
cement quantity value (cum)*1440kgs= cement kgs
45. How do you mix the cement for plastering walls?
Answer: Mix cement and sand in the ratio of 1:6
(1cement:6sand) for inner plastering of bricks. For outer
plastering mix it in ratio 1:4.
46. How do you know if plastering is working? Answer:
The level wall plaster will be checked by the plumb
bob, holding the plumb bob from the top and
measuring the deviation will tell you level of plaster.
Holding an aluminum section in diagonal and vertical
or horizontal will tell you the level and the undulation
in the plaster walls.
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47. What are the different types of wall finishes?

Answer:
1. Smooth cast finish
2. Rough cast finish
3. Sand faced finish
4. Pebble dash finish
5. Depeter finish
6. Textured finish
7. Scrapped finish
48. How many coats of plaster do you need?
Answer: The number of coats that you will need to apply
depend on how deep the hole is. Any hole under half an
inch should only require one coat. Deeper holes needed
two coats.
49. What is difference between plaster and cement?
Answer: The main difference in the two practice is that
plastering refer to coating the interior walls, rendering
is the coating of external walls. Nonetheless plaster
and render are both made from the same building
material including cement,sand, water and gypsum.
50. What is cement plaster?
Answer: Cement plaster is a mixture of suitable plaster,
sand, cement and water which is normally applied to
masonry interior and exterior to smooth surface.
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51. What are the different types of ceiling finishes?
Answer:
1. Smooth or flat ceiling
2. Skip trowel ceiling
3. Orange peel ceiling
4. Knock down ceiling
5. Popcorn ceiling
6. Swirled ceiling
52. What are the difference between plaster and
skimming?
Answer: They are the both used to decorate structure
and increase the durability of a wall, but skimming is
done to update an old building where as plastering is
done to a new one. Another difference between skim
and plaster is that plaster surface area are rough
whereas a skimmed surface area is smooth.
53. What is the standard thickness of plastering?
Answer: 12mm, 15mm or 20mm
54. What qualifications do I need to be a plaster? Answer:
You do not need formal qualification to become a
plaster, though you can do an apprenticeship to gain
the skills needed for the job. Alternative you can gain
on site experience working as an assistant plaster or
complete a college course in plastering skills.
55. Is plastering is a good job?
Answer: Plastering serves a protective function, in that it
makes buildings more robust and an aesthetic function. It
is a skilled job and there is a high demand for good
plasters.
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56. What is the master plasterer?

Answer: The master plasterer certificate recognise those
who have achieved the highest level of skills in the
industry over a number of years and can demonstrate
excellence in the art, craft and practice of Plastering.
57. Why is the plaster used for walls?
Answer: Plaster is building material used for coating
protecting and decorating internal walls and ceiling. It can
also be used to create architecture mouldings such as
ceiling roses, corbels and so on. The most common types
of plaster are a composition of Gypsum, lime or cement
with water and sand.
58. What are the disadvantages of the using plastering ?
Answer: Disadvantage: Difficult to repair
If the damage is severe the lath or other backing requires
replacement as well. Plaster also changes color slightly as
it ages, so new patches are brighter and stand out if you
don't paint the entire walls after the repair.

59. How do you plaster a wall step by step?

Answer:
Step1: preparation
Step2: Apply PVA to walls
Step3: Mix plaster
Step4: Apply plaster
Step5: Skim and smooth
Step6: Scrape Step7:
Apply plaster Step8:
Finishing touches.
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60. How many days we should curing for plastering wall?
Answer: Minimum 7days curing for Plastering walls.
61. How many times curing per day plaster of wall?
Answer: Daily minimum 4 to 5 times curing per day.
62. What are the defects in plastering?
Answer: Different types of defects occur in Plastering
work such as blistering, cracks, flaking, peeling, softness,
and uneven surface. These defects in Plastering need to
be repaired as soon as they are observed.
63. What is causes crazing in plaster?
Answer: It also occurs due to highly fluid plaster material,
which is applied on the surface. It occurs due to dry base
on which plaster is applied when base absorb the water
and fines on the surface it leads
64. Is it normal for plaster to cracks?
Answer: Vertical and horizontal cracks in drywall or
plaster wall typically indicate drying and shrinkage which
is normally after construction. Jagged cracks, stair step
cracks and 45degree angle cracks generally signify
structural movement or setting issues that are occasion
serious but usually harmless.
65. Why does plaster crack when it dries?
Answer: Drying shrinkage cracks are the result of
moisture loss after the plaster has hardended some
cracks visible in the plaster may result from cracking
of the wall. This can be caused by differential
movement of the foundation, moisture expansion or
dry shrinkage of masonry units.
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66. How do cover hairline cracks in plaster?

Answer: Use a moistened paint brush or water spray to
dampen the area of damage. Using a wide bladed filler
knife apply some filler to the damaged area work for the
filler into the damage and make sure that there are no
voids in filler being applied.
67. Why do ceiling plaster cracks ?
Answer: Cracks are two cause:
House setting and temperature or moisture fluctuations in
an attic, which results in the expansion or contraction of
framing members.
Solution: Homeowners can fill these commonly occurring
hair line cracks with new plaster and repaint the ceiling.
68. What are the benefits of plastering?
Answer: A plaster coats create a stronger and more
durable wall finish than drywall. The chemical reaction
that occurs when water evaporated out for plaster mixture
develop strong bonds in the mixture. Plaster is more
resistant to knocks and dents in most cases.
69. How do you fill cracks in plaster?
Answer:
1. Spread the joint compound. Stir up the joint compound
then put a small portion on the edge of the six inch
taping knife.
2. Apply tape to the crack. With the 6inch knife press the
paper tape into the wet area directly over the cracks. 3.
Apply the joint compound over the tape
3. Finish the repair.
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70. What is the patching plaster?
Answer: It gives your walls smooth faced and improve the
strength and stability of your walls. Without plaster you
would have rough walls that are difficult to paint or wall
paper. Whether it is a crack crumbing plaster, even water
damage, patching your plaster is a sure way to return your
wall to a pristine state.
71. How do you fill plaster?
Answer: To Plaster over small holes first scrap off any
old loose Plaster with the edge of a Scrape or knife.
Then use a damp paint brush to wet the hole. This nifty
trick helps the filler bond to the surface.
72. Do plaster walls need primer?
Answer: Plaster walls more vulnerable to moisture
then drywall and require high quality primer. Oil based
primers are the options for old walls.
73. What is screed in plastering?
Answer: A strip of wood, plaster, or metal placed on a wall
or pavement as a guide for the even application of Plaster.
A layer or strip of material used to level of a horizontal
surface such as a floor.
74. What is the difference between plaster and screed?
Answer: Is that plaster is to cover or coat something
with plaster or apply a plaster while screed is
( construction/ masonry) to produce a smooth flat
layer of concrete or similar materials.
75. What are the defects in plastering?
Answer: Different types of defects occur in Plastering
work such as blistering, cracks, flaking, efflorescence,
peeling, popping ,un even surface and softness. These
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defects in Plastering need to be repaired as soon as

they are observed.

76. How long can you leave plaster unpainted?

Answer: Plaster board takes on average 2to3 days to
dry when plastered, where as backing Plastering take
4to6 days. No matter what material you have used it is
advisable to wait at least a week before painting new
Plaster. Sometimes it may even take up to a month for
the fresh plaster to be completely dry.
77. What is the rush coat in plastering?
Answer: conmix concrete rush coat is a dry premixed
mineral based binding coat to apply directly on
smooth Concrete walls and ceiling.
78. Can you plaster over cement?
Answer: Applying plaster to a concrete wall can
change its appearance, level it, make it more moisture
resistant and give you the opportunity to add texture.
Plastering a concrete wall takes time.. A poorly
prepared surface will eventually crack and sag and the
Plaster will come off the wall.
79. Can you skim over old plaster?
Answer: If you want your plaster to apply a fresh skim
coat to old plaster walls, you will need to prepare your
walls. Any damaged and crumbling old plaster will
need to come off the walls, before the brickwork
beneath is cleaned off… once dry your plaster can
apply a skim coat directly.
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80. What is the difference between plaster and joint
compound?
Answer: To make a Gypsum plaster, manufacture add
cross linking chemicals to bind the mixture. Without
these hardening chemicals, the gypsum paste is called
drywall joint compound or mud. With them added, the
mixture variously becomes patching compound,
plaster of Paris or hot mud.
81. Why do cracks appears in newly plastering walls?
Answer: The dry mortar of plaster expand on
absorbing moisture and shrinks on drying which
develops internal stress in plaster and results into the
cracks. Sometimes the motor expands on heating and
contracts on cooling and results in to development of
internal stress in plaster and it may cracks.
82. Why does plaster crack while drying?
Answer: Drying shrinkage cracks are the result of
moisture loss after the plaster has hardended. Some
cracks visible in the plaster may result from cracking of
the wall. This can be caused by differential movement of
the foundation, moisture expansion or drying shrinkage of
masonry units or thermal movement of the roof
83. Does plaster crack age?
Answer: This is probably the most common problem
people notice with their old plaster walls. The good
news is that cracks in your Plaster don't necessarily
mean trouble. Sometimes they are a warning sign, but
other times they're just like wrinkles on our faces that
appear with age.
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84. Which sand is used for plastering?

Answer: Basically river sand are used for any
Plastering work. Generally in any Plastering work
plasters are used natural sand, crushed stone sand or
crushed gravel sand though, there is a grading limit of
sand which are used in Plastering work. Other types of
sand will also work, but it could be more expensive to
use.
85. Is M sand good for plastering?
Answer: Plastering M sand is used for wall Plastering
and brick work purpose. The granule thickness is
150microns to 4.75mm and is suitable for Concrete
preparation required for construction purpose. The
granule thickness is 150 microns to 2.38 mm is ideal
for block masonry and Plastering purpose.
86. Does plaster contain cement?
Answer: The most common types of plaster mainly
contain either gypsum, lime, or cement, but all work in a
similar way. The plaster is manufactured as a dry powder
and is mixed with water to form a stiff but workable paste
immediately before it is applied to the surface.
87. How much do plaster walls cost?
Answer: On a per square foot basis, new Plastering will
set you back between 20to 30 RS/- per square foot. The
cost is subject to the complexity of the task and finishes
required. As for the price according to room size, a small
room will set you back around.
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88. Wall length 40ft,height14ft, thickness ½ inch. calculate
the cement and sand?
Answer: Given data
Wall length= 40ft
Wall height= 14fts
Thickness= 1/2inch
Wall total area quantity= wall length*wall height* thickness
= 40ft*14ft*1/2inchs
= 40ft*14ft*0.0416ft
= 23.36cft
= 0.66cum
Dry volume = 1.33*0.66= 0.88cum
Cement mix ratio 1:6
Cement= 1*0.88/7= 0.126*1440= 181.44kgs
Sand = 6*0.88/7= 0.754*1500= 1131kgs
89. Wall length 12ft,height10ft, thickness ¾ inches.
Calculate the how much cement and sand?
Answer: Given data
Wall length= 12ft,
Wall height= 10ft,
Wall thickness= 3/4inchs
Wall total area = wall length* wall height* thickness
= 12ft* 10ft* ¾ inches
= 3.66* 3.048* 0.019
= 0.22cum
Dry volume. = 1.33* 0.22
= 0.293cum
Cement mix ratio 1:4
Cement = 1*0.293/5 = 0.0586*1440=84.384kgs
Sand. = 4*0.293/5 = 0.2334 *1500= 351.60kgs
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90. Wall length 20ft, height 6ft, thickness 1inch . calculate

the how much cement and sand?
Answer: Given data
Wall length= 20ft
Wall height =6ft
Thickness = 1inch
Total area= wall length*wall height*thickness
= 20ft*6ft*1inch
= 6.096*1.833*0.025
= 0.28cum
Dry volume= 1.33*0.28= 0.372cum
Cement mix ratio 1:5
Cement= 1*0.372/6 = 0.062*1440 = 89.28kgs
Sand = 5*0.372/6 = 0.31*1500 = 465kgs
91. Wall length 36ft, height 14ft, thickness 1/2inch.
Calculate the how much cement and sand?
Answer:
Given data,
Wall length=36ft
Wall height= 14ft
Thickness = 1/2inchs
Area total= wall length* wall height*thickness
= 36ft*14ft*1/2inch = 10.973*4.267*0.0125
= 0.585cum
Dry volume= 1.33*0.585= 0.778cum
Cement mix ratio 1:3
Cement= 1*0.778/4= 0.1945*1440=280kgs
Sand = 3*0.778/4= 0.583*1500= 874.5kgs

92. Wall length 25ft, height 10ft, thickness ¾ inches.

Calculate the how much cement and sand?
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Answer: Given data
Wall length= 25ft
Wall height= 10ft
Thickness =3/4inchs
Wall total area= wall length*wall height*thickness
= 25ft*10ft*3/4inchs
= 7.62*3.048*0.019
= 0.44cum
Dry volume= 1.33*0.44
= 0.585cum
Cement mix ratio 1:4
Cement=1*0.585/5=0.117*1440=168.48kgs
Sand=4*0=585/5=0.468*1500= 702kgs
93. Wall length 10ft,height 10ft, thickness 1/2inch.
Calculate the how much cement and sand?
Answer: Given data
Wall length=10ft, wall height=10ft, thickness=1/2inch
Wall total area= 10ft*10ft*1/2inchs
= 3.048*3.048*0.0125
= 0.116cum
Dry volume=1.33*0.116
= 0.154cum
Cement mix ratio 1:4
Cement=1*0.154/5= 0.0308cum*1440=44.352kgs
Sand = 4*0.154/5= 0.1232cum*1500= 184.80kgs
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94. Wall length 30ft, height 15ft, thickness 3/4inch.

Calculate the how much cement and sand?
Answer: Given data
Wall length=30ft
Wall height= 15ft
Thickness=3/4inch
Wall total area= 30ft*15ft*3/4inchs
= 9.144*4.572*0.019
= 0.794cum
Dry volume= 1.33*0.794
= 1.056cum
Cement mix ratio 1:4
Cement=1*1.056/5=0.2112*1440=304.128kgs
Sand = 4*1.056/5= 0.8448*1500=1267.20kgs

95. What tools do plasterers use?

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Answer:
1. Trowel
2. Snip
3. Plastering brush
4. Plastering spatula
5. Float
6. Hawk or hand board
7. Multi tool

96. What is a plaster trowels?

Answer: A trowels used to spread and smooth Plaster.
Trowels a small hand tool with a handle and flat metal
blade used for scooping or spreading plaster or similar
materials.
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Painting side interview question

1. Do plaster walls need primer?

Answer: Painting Plaster walls is just like painting any other
drywall. The primer that you use is the key. You need to us
the best primer for Plaster walls to seal the wall because
paints won't take to it evenly without a good primer.
2. How long can you leave plaster unpainted?
Answer: Plaster board takes on average 2-3days to dry when
plastered. Where as backing plaster takes 4-6days. No
matter what material you have used, it is advisable to wait at
least a week before painting new Plaster. Sometimes it may
even take up to a month for the fresh plaster to be
completely dry.
3. Can you plaster over paint?
Answer: You can plaster over paint, however, there are
factors which should be considered first.. if the paint on
your wall is in good condition, then a professional wall likely
be able to start the Plastering process straight away. Paint
that is in good condition won't have damages or cracks and
won’t be peeling either.
4. What happens if you paint plaster to soon?
Answer: Painting Plaster before it fully dry can cause the
paint to peel, giving you endless problems, but some bare
plaster paints allow the plaster to continue breathing and
drying after the paint applied. Sometimes patches of new
Plaster don't dry out because of damp.. the cause of the
damp should also be addressed.
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5. What is painting on wet plaster called?
Answer: Fresco is a technique of mural painting executed
upon freshly laid, or wet lime plaster. Water is used as the
vehicle for the dry powder pigment to merge with the
Plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting
becomes an integral part of the wall.
6. What are the things needed for a basic paint project?
Answer:
1. Primer
2. Paint
3. Stir sticks
4. Paint rollers
5. Roller covers
6. Small paint brushes for cutting in or touch ups
7. Paint trays and if needed a sturdy holder for your
paint tray
8. Painters tape.
7. Mention some tips to paint your site rooms?
Answer:
1.know your paint. Giving a room a make over is not as
simple as walking into a paint store and picking out a color
of any old gallon
2. Be prepared put together all your supplies before you ever
open that can of paint
3. Clear the room
4. Tape and cover
5. Make any repairs
6. Get started
7. Ready to roll
8. Finishing up.
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8. Before you start painting your site what you should take
care of?
Answer:
1.Choose colours wisely
2. Don't skimp on materials
3. Cover the floor and the furniture
4. Clean the surface
5. Use the right tools
6. Paint from top to bottom
7. Be patient.
9. What is the shortcut to paint without taping?
Answer: No tape is used metal masking guards are not
used either, using an angled sash brush and a special cut
bucket, draw wide sweeps of paint close to but not touching
the excluded area.
10. Explain how many coats of paint consider as a quality
paint?
Answer: High quality paints are better pigments, better
resins, better additives, and more solids. In short this mean
that it hides better, sticks better, lasts longer and results ina
thicker coat. All in all two coats is better than one.
11. How you would paint if you are using a brush and not
roller for painting?
Answer: If you're painting a large wall area with a paint
brush rather then a roller, you will use a different techniques
to apply and distributed the paint. Holding the paint brush at
about a 45angle and paint the area using several diagonal
strokes. Again press the brush against wall just enough to
flex the bristles.

12. Why paint extender is used for painting?

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Answer: provide easier application of the paint. Provide
greater adhesive properties. Provide roughness in the film.
Gives body to the paint increase bulk in the coating.
13. What is the use of turpentine?
Answer: Turpentine is the one of a few different solvent
used in painting. If your question is about Turpentine
specifically then a major use of Turpentine in painting is to
dissolve natural resins such as damar. A medium damar
Turpentine and linseed oil has been one of the most popular
historically.
14. While using a paint sprayer what is an ideal distance
between the wall and sprayer?
Answer: 12” to 24”
15. What are the safety equipment’s you have to wear while
doing sprayer painting?
Answer: Safety goggles, glasses, or face shield must be
worn to prevent paint or coatings from coming into contact
with workers eyes. During spray paint operation a full face
respiratory or loose fitting hood respiratory can also severe
as effective eye protection.
16. What are the things needed for a basic paint project?
Answer:
1.Primer
2.Paint
3.Stir stick
4.Paint roller
5.Roller covers
6.Small paint brushes
7.Paint trays
8.Painters tape
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17. What is the difference between paint and stain?

Answer: when applied to a piece of wood, stain soaks into
the wood whereas the paint sits on the surface. The main
similarity between stain and paint is that they both provide
protection, while adding colour to the wood. Stain gives a
matte look, whereas paint can come in different Sheen’s
from matte to high gloss.
18. Which company putty used for walls?
Answer: Present many company putty bags in market like
1. Jp putty
2. Birla putty
3. Wall coat
4. Master plus putty
5. JB putty
19. One kg of putty how much area covered by wall?
Answer: The coverage depends on surface smoothness,
water quantity added during mixing and application. The
standard coverage of wall putty in 2 coats is 14to16 sq.ft/kg.
So calculation of estimation of wall putty count area of wall
and divide it is 14/15/16.
20. How many coats of putty work for wall?
Answer: The number of depends on the quality of the
surface, if required 1-2coats of Birla white wall putty wall
levelling putty to cover major undulation and 1-2coats of
wall care putty as finishing coat.
21. What is the water ratio for putty?
Answer: 2:1 ratio. Mix the wall putty with a required
amount in a pan add water to it 2:1 ratio .
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22. Single coat putty work one putty bag how much area
covered by wall?
Answer: Generally freshly prepared surface that has not
received any paint, minimum 2 coats of putty required.
Coverage of widely used acrylic putty is about 9sq.ft per
kg of one coat.
23. What are the materials used for putty work?
Answer: Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a
base of whiting with linseed oil various proportions.
They are a number of synthetic alternative such as
polybutene based putty. Where the polybutene is a low
molecular weight oligomer replacing the linseed oil
24. Before start putty work what you observed in walls?
Answer: The putty applied before the painting of the
walls and it is fills the fine pores on the walls and ceiling.
There be provided a smooth, white and dry surface for
the application of the paint. Although just Applying putty
before painting a wall does not ensure beautiful, smooth,
glassy walls.
25. One putty bag how much kgs?
Answer: present market places putty bags are started to
1kg, 5kg, 10kg, 50kgs of bags
26. One putty bag how much rate (25kgs)?
Answer: present market rate is 950 to 1050RS/-
27. Double coat putty work one putty bag how much area
covered by wall?
Answer: Double coat putty work one putty bag is
15*25=375sqft per one putty bag(25kgs)
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28. What are the types of painting?
Answer:
1. Oil painting
2. Watercolor painting
3. Pastel painting
4. Acrylic painting
5. Digital painting
6. Ink wash painting
7. Hot wax painting
8. Spray painting
29. What are the finishing?
Answer: The most common interior paint finishes are
flat, eggshell, satin, semi gloss and high gloss. Choosing
the right paint finish for your interior project depends on
the look, durability, and ambiance you want. Flat finish
available only in latex paint, a flat finish is opaque and
sophisticated.
30. What are the types of finishings?
Answer:
1. Flat/ Matte
2. Egg shell
3. Stain
4. Semi gloss
5. High gloss
6. Primer
31. Which paint is best for walls?
Answer: Beside matte paint, gloss paint is the most
common interior wall paint. It's one you can use on most
walls, although some people use it sparingly on these
surface and prefer to use it on wood work because of its
high shine.
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32. What type of paint do you use in a living room?
Answer: Living rooms and bed rooms are low impact
areas and can use any paint you wish. Most homeowners
though go for flat, stain or egg shell sheen latex paints.
33. What is the best paint finish for living room Walls?
Answer: For living rooms that also serve as high traffic
family rooms, the best paint finish to use it often egg
shell or stain. Egg shell can be easily cleaned so any
spills and drips can be wiped with a wet rag. While stain
finish more durable than egg shell, it is idea for active
rooms like play rooms.
34. What are the four types of paint?
Answer: There are four basic Sheens
1. Flat
2. Stain
3. Semi gloss
4. Gloss
35. What are finishing techniques?
Answer:
1. Start with a primer, if needed
2. Apple your base colour coat or flat or stain paint
3. Apple the another paint in a lighter hue
4. Let it dry
5. Take an artist paint brush and draw thin swirls
throughout your wall
6. When your swirls dry cover your walls with glaze and
then added a sealant.
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36. What are the objectives of finishings?
Answer: The main objective of applying paint to wooden
surface is to provide a smooth protective cover of the
desired colour with improved aesthetic appearance of
wood structure. How ever enamel paint are widely used
due to their superior surface finish and durability.
37. What is the longest lasting exterior paint?
Answer: Acrylic paint. Acrylic paint is the most durable
of all it is long lasting flexible and able to with stand
fading from the sun or damage from rain and other
elements.
38. What is the best quality paint brand?
Answer:
1. Best coverage : Behr marquee
2. Most durable : PPG diamond
3. Easiest application: sherwin William cashmere
4. Best zero voc paint : Behr premium Plus
5. Fastest dry time: Ace royal interiors
6. Best kitchen& bath pick: Glidden interior premium
39. Which paint brand is best in India?
Answer: The top interior paints in India are Asian paints,
Nerolac, Berger and dulux.
40. How many types of paints are there?
Answer: Three types
1. Water colour
2. Oils
3. Acrylic
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41. Are white ceilings out of style?
Answer: white ceiling are often the best choice for a
room, white overhead tends to disappear, so your
attention focuses on the walls and furnishings. A white
ceilings also off sets intense wall colour boldly colored
walls look crisp and sharp, and the ceiling feels higher.
42. Do you paint the ceiling first or last?
Answer: If you're painting an entire room, first paint the
ceiling, then the walls. It’s also better to paint large areas
like walls before repainting the trim. Because you will
work more quickly when covering open areas this can
result in roller spatter, over spray and occasional errant
brush strokes.
43. Do you roll or cut in first when painting?
Answer: Cut in the corner before you roll paint on the
main surface. This means painting both sides of each
corner starting about two brush lengths away and
painting in to the corner. Use a 2or 3 inch brush paints.
You can cut in around the trim either before or after
rolling.
44. Can you cut in and paint the next day?
Answer: But you will get better results if you cut in just
one wall, then immediately roll out the wall before cutting
in the next one. That is because if you roll out the wall
right way, while the cut in paint is still wet, the cut in
paint and the wall paint will blend much better reducing
the chance of lap marks .
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45. How do you clean walls and ceiling before painting?
Answer: Use a mixture of lukewarm water and mild soap,
gently rubbing in a circular motion. Rinse your walls
using a slightly damp cellulose sponge. Valspar use an
ordinary sponge mop to clean your ceiling and walls
thoroughly with TSP and water. Rinse well and let dry.
46. What is the paint where the wall meets the ceiling?
Answer: You can use the term cover or coving for the
concave arched molding at the junction of the wall
ceiling and walls. The definition of coving from
Britannica.com coving in architecture concave molding
or arched section of the wall surface.
47. Do you cut in on second coat?
Answer: working from the corner out will create a build
up of paint and a less than ideal finish. Cut in all wall in
edges and then move onto rolling. Make sure you wait a
minimum of 2hours before painting a second coat, and
remember to allow the second coat to dry completely.
48. What to clean walls with before painting?
Answer: Dust and clean the walls for most surface use a
towel or a vacuum cleaner. When painting a bathroom or
kitchen, wash the walls with solution of approximately
three teaspoon of laundry detergent to one gallon of
water. Scrape any cracked or flaking paint with a paint
scraper.
49. Will a second coat of paint cover roller marks?
Answer: Roller markers are exactly what they sound like
evidence of where the painter used the roller brush. They
are often caused by s painter putting s second coat of
paint on the wall before the first coat has completely
dried. The paint is completely dry.
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50. Can you use vinegar and water to clean walls before
painting scraps?
Answer: combine equal parts vinegar and water in a
bucket. Wipe down the entire wall with the solution to
remove the invisible grime so you have a clean surface
from priming and painting. Dust also collects on top
base boards and trim. Wipe these areas with the vinegar
solutions before you paint.
51. Can you wait too long between coats of paint?
Answer: Yes you can wait to long, if you leave it for too
long the paint can get weathered when painting outside
and the paint can breakdown. It is advised to wait no
more then a month between coats at a max. Because if
you leave it any longer it may deteriorate. Exterior
surfaces are the most vulnerable in this case.
52. What is the best cleaner for walls?
Answer: The gentlest cleaner is water. Wipe it on the wall
and see if that does the trick. If not your next option is a
mixture of warm water and dishwashing soap. If that still
doesn't get it done, mix a cup of ammonia, ½ cup of
vinegar, and ¼ cup of baking soda in one gallon of warm
water.
53. Why can see roller marks after painting?
Answer: Roller marks are exactly what they sound like
evidence of the where the painter used the roller brush.
They are often caused by a painter putting a second coat
of paint on the wall before the first coat has completely
dried. Make sure the paint is completely dry.
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54. How do you paint without leaving brush marks?
Answer:
1. Don't press to hard on the brush
2. Paint in the details and then smooth over
3. Going back over semi dry paint will cause ripples
4. You want to apply a thin coat, but don't stretch the
paint on the brush
5. Always paint in one direction.
55. How do I get rid of brush marks?
Answer: Sandpaper is preferred for paint sanding as it is
self sharpening. Sand over the whole surface once and
then vacuum it with fine brush attachment to remove the
all the paint dust. Sand over the wall or door again, until
you can no longer feel or see the ridges made by brush
marks.
56. How do you make paint smooth?
Answer:
1. Prep the wood. Sand any bare wood to 120 grit and no
finer.
2. Sand your primer without a smooth base you can't get
a smooth finish
3. Use additives
4. Buy the right paint
5. Strain your paint
6. Put it on, leave it alone.
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57. How do you smooth out acrylic paint?
Answer:
1. Build up paint in layers. Start with a layer of paint that
has been thinned with water. Add thicker layers of
paint on top of the thin layer of paint. Do not let the
paint dry before moving to the next step
2. Smooth the edges between the different colours of
paint with a dry, soft brush.
3. Add more paint that has been thinned with the water.
Smooth down the edges of that application of paint
with a clean wet or dry brush.
4. Continue to add layers of paint and smooth with a soft
bristles brush.

58. How do you prevent brush strokes?

Answer:
1. Don't press too hard on the brush
2. Paint in the details and then smooth over
3. Going back over semi dry paint will cause ripples
4. You want to apply a thin layer, but don't stretch the
paint of the brush
5. Always paint in one direction.
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59. What are the methods of painting?
Answer:
1. Under painting work paint up from thin to thick,
especially when using slow drying paints
2. Blocking in brush come in a number of shapes and
fiber types
3. Building up texture
4. Dry brushing
5. Glazing
6. Painting with medium
7. Sgraffito
60. How is paint classified?
Answer: classification of paint by physical type
Solvent borne paints contain up to 80% of solid
constitution dispersed in the organic solvent. Emulsion
paint contain up to 5% of organic oxygen contain solvent
soluble in water.
61. What is paint in chemistry?
Answer: Paint decorative and protective coating
commonly applied to rigid surface as a liquid consistent
of a pigments suspending in a vehicle or binder. The
vehicle usually a resin dissolved in a solvent dries to a
tough film, binding the pigment to the surface.
62. What are the four types of texture?
Answer:
1. Actual texture
2. Simulated texture
3. Abstract texture
4. Invented texture
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63. What are the 3 types of paint?
Answer:
1. Water color
2. Oils
3. Acrylic
64. What are the 4 components of paint?
Answer:
1. Pigment
2. Binder
3. Liquid
4. Additives
65. What type of paint lasts the longest?
Answer: So if you want something that's durable but still
looks fairly flat, eggshell and stain paints are good
option. Semi gloss and gloss paints are the most durable
of Sheens and they can take a good scrubbing without
rubbing off, so they work well in kitchen and bathrooms.
66. What are three main components of paint?
Answer:
1. Pigment
2. Binder
3. Solvent
67. What is paint composed of?
Answer: A paint composed of pigments, solvents, resins
and various additives. The pigment give the paint color,
solvent make it easier to apply, resins help it dry. And
additives serve as everything from fillers to
antifungicidal agents.
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68. What chemical in paint is dangerous?
Answer: First many vocs are known carcinogens. A
typical bucket of paint contain chemicals such as
benzene methylene chloride and others, that have been
linked to cancer. VOC are also the components of paint
that cause you to develop a headache after painting.
69. Who created paint?
Answer: In 1866, sherwin William in the usa opened as a
large paint maker and invented a paint that could be
used from the tin without preparation. It was not until
the stimulus of world war 2 created a shortage of
Linseed oil in the supply market that artificial resins or
alkyds were invented.
70. What is water based paint made of?
Answer: A water based paint uses acrylic emulsion
polymer to bind. Common acrylic polymer come in a
wide variety of types and combination such as methyl
and butyl methacrylate. Inexpensive paints use polyvinyl
acetate to bind. Additives are used to enhance the
properties of the substance.
71. What are the acrylic paint made of?
Answer: Water based acrylic paint is composed of
minute particles of plastic acrylic resin suspended in
water and pigment. As the water evaporates the resins
particles fuse together forming a strong durable paint.
72. When was paint first discovered?
Answer: The oldest archaeological evidence of painting
making was found in the blombos cave in South Africa.
An ochre based mixture was dated at 1,00,000year old,
and a stone toolkit used to grind ochre into paint was
found to be 70,000years old.
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74. Is acrylic paint safe on pregnant belly?
Answer: Acrylic paint is the common kind of paint
and it does not contain any thinners or solvent. It is
perfectly safe for use when you have a baby in your
belly. But use caution as you always would to make
sure the fumes don't make you feel sick.
75. What are the good brands of acrylic paints?
Answer:
1. Liquitex basics acrylic paint
2. Winsor & Newtown galeria acrylic paint
3. Grumbacher acrylic paint set
4. Castle art supplies acrylic paint set
5. Blick artists acrylic
6. Liquitex professional acrylic set
7. Utrecht artists acrylic colours
8. Golden heavy body acrylic
76. Is there plastic in acrylic paint?
Answer: The reason that acrylic paint is not made
for use on plastic materials. You will need to paint
your plastic item with a base coat of paint that is
made for plastic material such as enamel or oil
paint. You can also use a plastic colour like the
krylon fusion as a base coat.
77. Is water based paint water proof?
Answer: Water based paint are water soluble but
become water resistant when dry. As a binder
different types of materials are used like acrylic,
vinyl, PVA or alkyd. Water based paints have many
advantages over oil paints. They off gas much less
organic fumes than oil paints because they don't
need an organic
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78. What paint to use for water proofing?
Answer: This is best suitable as a water proofing
paint for roof. When you face the struggle of damps
on your roof. Hence paints are known as damp roof
paints. Applying this paint on the surface of your
roof can protect it from water penetration,
chemicals and even from the concentric acids.
79. What paint is water resistance?
Answer: Zinsser water tite clear mold and mildew
proof water proofing paint from rust oleum is a new
clear coating that water pressure and protect
against mold and mildew. This water resist paint
forms as impermeable, smooth, non pigmented
barrier to water on bare masonry wall and floor
surfaces.
80. Is acrylic paint waterproof after it dries?
Answer: Acrylic paint dries fast in about 15 minutes.
It is water soluble but also becomes water resistant
when dry. Once dry acrylics are permanent, flexible,
and water insoluble. You can gently wash it with
soap and water.
81. Do they make waterproof paint?
Answer: Acrolein Elasticized paint
But be safe when used Acrolein because it is made
from toxic substances, cause to the lungs, throats
and damage skin. It is not a water proofing paint if
we don't combine then makes a waterproofing paint
which we used according to our need.
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82. Will acrylic paint wash off?
Answer: When acrylic paint is an unwanted pieces
of decoration, then yes it will wash off your clothes.
But that cleaning needs to be done when the acrylic
paint is still wet. Or you can do it over time using
fabric softener and repeated washing.
83. Which is better enamel or acrylic paint?
Answer: The main difference between enamel and
acrylic paint comes from the fact that enamel paint
is mainly oil based and acrylic paint is water based.
On the other hand enamel can take from 6to 24
hours to dry completely. Acrylic paint is matte finish
look and enamel paint is glossy look.
84. Which oil paints are toxic?
Answer: There are toxic ones, of course, such as
lead white, cadmium and cobalt. But these are only
toxic if you eat them or breathe in particles. You
would struggle trying to breathe in oil paint. As long
as you wash your hands after use, you should be
absolutely fine.
85. Can a pregnant woman sleep in a freshly painted
room?
Answer: Paint fumes can be detrimental to the
health of your unborn child if you inhale them while
pregnant. Young children who are still in the
development stage should also be kept way from
freshly painted room as exposure can adverse
affect their.
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86. How long after painting a room is it safe?
Answer: The basic rule that the freshly painted
place should not be used with in 2or 3 days so that
the amount of volatile materials has time to go
away. Make arrangements to keep your kids out of
the room for a while to ensure their safety.
87. Is paint smell harmful for pregnancy?
Answer: It is highly unlikely that painting or being
around paint fumes while you’re pregnant will harm
your unborn baby. As the risk from most modern
house hold paints is very low. The risk harm to your
baby may be slightly greater from solvent based
paints and old paint work, which may contain
traces of lead.
88. What paint safe for pregnancy?
Answer: Acrylic or latex paint is water based and
considered much safer than old based options, but
it can still contain certain solvent and pose potential
risks for moms to be, valle says. Avoid anything
that contains ethylene glycol, ethers or biocides.
89. Is there a waterproof paint for bathrooms?
Answer: Concrete water proofing coating, which is a
cement like product that adheres to Concrete and
Masonry permanently it can be applied to any
surface including painted walls. The product can be
applied to surface previously painted.
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90. What is the best waterproof paint for Concrete?
Answer:
1. Kilz over Armor textured Concrete paint
2. Coloredepoxies 10002 epoxy resin coating
painting
3. Eco advanced EACON16CON water proofer
4. Rust oleum 225359 Concrete floor paint
5. Kilz l377711 exterior Concrete paint
6. Drylok GAL BGE paint
91. What is the solvent based paint?
Answer: Solvent based paint are made up of
liquefying agents that are meant to evaporate via a
chemical reaction with oxygen. Typically moving air
surrounding a solvent based coating will help to the
speed up the reaction, reducing drying times. These
coatings have major advantage over water based
coatings.
92. Will acrylic paint hurt your skin?
Answer: Acrylic paint is not safe for your face. In
fact acrylic paint needs to be peeled off your skin
which can cause even more irrigation as it pull on
the tiny hairs on your face. Some people use the
paint that are labelled non toxic.
93. What are the types of solvent?
Answer:
1. Nonpolar
2. Polar aprotic
3. Polar protic
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94. How many types of coating are there?
Answer:
1. Organic
2. Inorganic
95. What is the purpose of coating?
Answer: A coating is covering that is applied to the
surface of an object, usually referred to as the
substrate. The purpose of applying to the coating
may be decorated, functional or both. The coating
itself may be an all over coating, completely
covering the substrate or it may only cover parts of
the substrate.
96. What is the difference between painting and
coating?
Answer: Is that coating is a thin outer layer while
paint is a substance that is applied as a liquid or
paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or
add colors to an object or surface to which it has
been applied.
97. Is powder coating better than painting?
Answer: Powder coating provide better performance
than wet paint. It is more resistant to chipping,
scratching and other wear because of the thermal
bonding it undergoes during curing and because it
can be applied in much thicker layer. In addition to
its physical toughness, powder coating provide
superior color retention.
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98. How long will powdered coating last?
Answer: 15 to 20 years
99. Is powered coating rust proof?
Answer: Powder coating is resistant to cracking,
peeling, chipping, abrasion, rust and damage due to
chemical exposure. While it isn't indestructible it is
highly durable retains colour and gloss, goes on
uniformly has excellent UV stability and is a far
more environmentally friendly option than
traditional liquid paint.

100. How many types of powder coating are there?

Answer: Two basic types of powder coating plastic
finishes are available. Thermoplastic and thermoset.
Typically purchase and manufacturing examine over
all coats and potential coating complexity when
deciding which type is most appropriate for their
application.

101. What is the powder coating process?

Answer: Powder coating is a dry finishing process
that uses finely ground particles of pigment and
resins that are the electrostatically charged and
sprayed onto electrically ground parts. The charged
powder particles adhere to the part and held there
until melted and fused into a uniform coating in a
curing oven.
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102. What are the types of powder?

Answer:
1. Epoxy
2. Polyester
3. Nylon
4. Hybrid
5. Metallic
103. How do you identify powdered coating?
Answer: The chemical rub test you performed will
only identified the chemicals resistant of the coating
and not tell you if it is powder or liquid. First do a
visual inspection. Powder will likely have more
texture than liquid and be more rounded at the
edges than liquid paint. Measure the film thickness
if you can.
104. What are the benefits of powder coating?
Answer: Powder coating gives consumers,
business, and industry one of the most economical,
longest lasting, and most color durable quality
finishes available on virtually any type metal.
Powder coated surfaces are most resistant to
chipping, scratching, fading and wearing than other
finishes.
105. Can aluminum be powder coated?
Answer: Aluminum surface have a layer of
aluminums oxide that must be remove before
powder coating will adhere to the aluminum.
Aluminum is generally smooth and may be slightly
roughened prior to powder coating.
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106. Do you need to prime before powder coating?
Answer: Powder coatings usually do not require any
primer, how ever there are some vital parts of
information missing in order to determine exactly
what kind of powder coating system you need for
your application.
107. How is paint classified?
Answer: Solvent borne paints contain up to 80% of
solid constitution dispersed in the organic solvent.
Emulsion paint contain up to 5% of organic oxygen
containing solvent soluble in water.
108. What are the seven types paint?
Answer:
1. Primer
2. Interior and exterior
3. Oil based vs water based
4. Latex
5. Enamel
6. Acrylic
7. Specialty paints.
109. Why do we need primer?
Answer: If you’re using make up to help blur out
things like acne or wrinkles, then primer can help
your foundation work harder to achieve that …. For
situations like those primer are necessary.
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110. What happens if you don't use primer before
painting?
Answer: Because it has a glue like base dry wall
primer help the paint adhere properly. If you skip
priming you risk peeling paint, especially in humid
conditions you might blame this on the quality of
paint you used but the truth is that failure to use
primer caused the problem.
111. Can I paint over paint without primer?
Answer: When you’re repainting a wall just to
change the color you can usually omit the primer.
The existing paint seals the wall board and you
should get even coverage and satisfaction
adhesion. Without the primer the smoke or water
spots may bleed through the top coat.
112. How many coats of primer do I need?
Answer: Generally one to two coats of primer will
suffice for painting interior walls but how many
you'll need depends on the wall material, the paint
color, and the type of primer used. Keep reading for
the magic number of coats for all types of interior
painting projects.
113. Does primer need to be perfect?
Answer: The primer coat doesn't have to be perfect
but it should cover the surface and it should not be
so blotchy that you get drips or visible unevenness.
You need to prime the surface thoroughly. The
purpose of the primer is so give the surface uniform
absorbtion properties.
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114. What is the colour of primer?
Answer: White colour.
115. How soon can I paint over primer?
Answer: In most case latex primers don't take more
than an hour to dry out. However you should wait
three to four hours before applying a layer of paint.
On the other hand an oil based primer will need a
longer time to dry out. You should give it 24 hours
to make sure that it is completely ready for another
coat.
116. Does the colour of primer matter?
Answer: It should only matter if you’re using your
primer coat also as an initial base colour. Generally
primer that used exclusively for the purpose of
preparing a surface for paint. The colour has zero
impact. That why the classic primer colour is
straight up grey completely colour neutral.
117. What are the some examples of texture?
Answer: Physical texture
This can include but is not limited to fur wood grain,
sand, smooth surface of canvas or metal, glass and
leather. Physical texture differentiates it self from
visual texture by having a physical quality that can
be felt by touching the surface of the texture.
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Tiles work interview question

1. Can you tile directly on brick?

Answer: First things first, yes, you can tile
over a brick wall. How ever as you may have
guessed it’s not that simple as tilling over a
brick wall is tricky and can result in an uneven
finish.
2. Is ceramic or porcelain tile more durable?
Answer: The major difference between
porcelain tile and ceramic tile is how it’s made.
Both tiles are made from a clay mixture that’s
fired in a kiln, but porcelain tile is made from
more refined clay and it's fired at high
temperature. This makes it denser and more
durable than ceramic tile.
3. What is the brick pattern tile?
Answer: ceramic tiles are commonly used in
homes in the wet areas of the house. The brick
pattern is commonly used with rectangular
shaped tiles. With this pattern each row of
tiles is offset from the last row, based on the
length of the horizontal rectangle.

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4. How do you cut tile?
Answer: To cut a ceramic tile using a glass
cutter, start by using a pencil and a square or
a ruler shaped like a right angle, to measure
and mark your tile. Next place the square right
next to the marked line so you can use it as a
guide then press down on the tile with the
glass cutter and drag it along the line.
5. Does porcelain tile break easily?
Answer: Hard, dense and solid porcelain is
resistant to most heavy stresses and can even
be used in commercial environment. Beware
though that the hardness of porcelain can
make it slightly more brittle than standard tile,
which means they can be more susceptible to
cracking.
6. Is ceramic tile water proofing?
Answer: while you might be using ceramic
tiles in your bathroom under the belief that
they are water proof. The truth is that they
actually aren't fully water proof . The main
reason for this is that ceramic tiles are actually
slightly porous.
7. Can I cut the tile with a circular saw?
Answer: Ceramic tile circular saw blade can be
used wet or dry. The blade is designed
especially for cutting tile and masonry
materials. It features a hard, diamond
reinforced edge to help you chip free cuts.

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8. How do you break ceramic tiles?
Answer:
1. Place the straight edge on the tile next to
the area that you want to break off.
2. Grasp the tile in your nondominant hand
on the far edge from where you want the
break to be.
3. Exert downward pressure on the nippers
while squeezing the handle to break the tile
off at the score mark.
9. What is the best underlayment for the floors?
Answer:
1.Best overall: Floor lot blue laminate flooring
underlayment with attached vapor barrier at
Amazon.
2.Best with moisture barrier: DMX 1step sir
gap underlayment at home depot.
3.Best for laminate: Robert air guard 5 in 1
floor underlayment at home depot.
4.Best for noise reduction: Quite walk
underlayment at Amazon.
5. Best cork
6. Best for hardwood floors
7. Best for tile
8. Best budget

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10. Is laying tile hard?
Answer: Bottom line. Laying tile is easy but
laying tile and doing it well it is difficult. From
that angle it make more sense to hire a
professional tiler than to do it yourself.
Unfortunately thin set will also reposition
your tile for you, especially in the case of
vertical wall tile.

11. How thick is ceramic tiles?

Answer: Floor tiles usually ½ inches to ¾ inch
thick and can be manufactured in 4 by 4
inches up to 24 by 24 inches. Most ceramic tile
are 12 by 12 inches, but small tiles such as
mosaic on mesh can be as thin as 1/8 inch and
go up to 3/8 inch.

12. Can you lay tile directly on subfloor?

Answer: While you can lay tile directly over a
concrete slab using thin set adhesive do not
make the mistake of applying tile directly to a
plywood subfloor. No matter how firm the sub
floor, the ply wood will expand and contract at
a different rate as the tile causing cracks to
develop in the grout lines or tiles over the
time.

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13. What type of board goes under tile?
Answer: Oriented Strand Board
Oriented strand board and exterior grade
plywood will work if it first covered with a latex
modified motor and a tilling backer board.
Tips: When you’re working on any tile subfloor
project, you may find the terms thin set and
motor used interchangeable. Don’t get
confused, both refer to the same material.
14. Is back buttering tile necessary?
Answer: Back buttering tiles is a highly
opinionated and widely debated topic among
tile installer. Although it’s recommend for
natural stone tile. It’s not always necessary or
required to get adequate motor coverage on
ceramic and porcelain tile.
15. How long does it take for tile to set ?
Answer: While tile set will generally cure in 20
minutes, allow a full 24 hours before walking
on any newly installed tile. While this may
seem like a frustratingly long wait, this is a
critical phase in the process and is essential
to ensure your tiles will set beautifully.

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16. How much is a tiler per hour?
Answer: When speaking of tilling labour costs,
a qualified and experienced tiler will charge on
average 90RS/- per hour to lay new tiles, or
around 16to 18Rs/- per sq.ft depending on the
complexity of the job.
17. What is the best grade of porcelain tile?
Answer:
Grade1 tiles are the weakest with the best
applications as wall tiles
Grade 2 tiles are the best used in the areas
where there is light traffic such as residential
bathrooms.
Grade 3 tiles are can withstand slightly heavier
traffic, and is the most common choice for
residential application.
Grade 4 tiles are better suited for residence
and can accommodate commercial spaces
with light foot traffic such as a dental office.
Grade 5 tiles are the strongest grade tile,
grade 5 is the best suited for commercial
applications with heavier foot traffic.
18. How thick is floor tiles?
Answer: More floor tiles thickness about ½
inches to ¾ inches. When comparing the
thickness of wall tile. The ones made for floors
are generally thicker than wall tiles.

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19. Is thicker tile is better?
Answer: Thicker tile are less likely to break or
crack than thinner tiles because they are
stronger. You may want to choose thicker
porcelain tiles for flooring, especially in high
traffic areas because porcelain floor tile
durability is important in preventing cracks
and damage.
20. How do you prepare a floor for peel and stick
tile?
Answer:
1. Remove the all furniture, standing lamps,
scatter rugs and anything else that sits on
the floor.
2. Sweep the floor thoroughly
3. Wash waxed floors with a ¼ cup of
ammonia in a gallon of warm water to
remove all traces of the wax.
4. Repair any gaps and cracks or holes in the
existing floor by cutting away any loose
edges of vinyl flooring.
5. Fill in cracks with floor patching
compound.
6. This can be applied by small trowel for
large spaces and a craft stick for very small
dents.
7. Let the patching compound dry according
to the manufacture recommendations

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adding 15to 30mins if you live in a damp
climate.
8. Sand the patches smooth with a hand
sander and medium grit sand paper.
9. Wipe away all dust with a tack cloth.
10. Let the floor dry completely before laying
down the tiles.
11. This may take more than an hour if you
live in a damp or rainy climate.
21. What to do you use for bathroom subfloor?
Answer: Traditionally exterior grade plywood
has been the subfloor material of choice for
many bathroom flooring projects. Plywood is
made by gluing alternating layers of wood
veneer. CDX plywood ¾ inch in particular used
often because it has a high level of resistance
to moisture and humidity.
22. How thick is cement board for tile?
Answer: Cement fiber, or similarly reinforced
backer board comes in standard ¼ inch and ½
inch thickness. If you’re installing backer
board in new construction, attaching it directly
to floor joints, opt to ½ inch sheets.

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23. Do I need cement board under wall tile?
Answer: While you can use all thickness of
cement board on counter tops and floors, the
minimum thickness for tilling wall is ½ inch
thick. Walls require ½ inch cement boards to
keep a tile job from cracking and to prevent
water damage to the tile
24. Do I need cement board under tiles?
Answer: if you’re working over a wood
subfloor, cement board is the right choice for
your tile base. Cement boards provide a very
stable base that's permanently bound to the
tile with thin set motor do your new tile floor
will last a very long time.
25. Do I need cement board under floor tiles?
Answer: Cement board ( used in tile
underlayment) is now standard for most tile
installation but particularly for floor tile.
Cement board also provide an additional
layers over a plywood or particle board
subfloor adding stiffness to the tiled surface
to help prevent cracks.

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26. What is the best material for subfloor?
Answer: Plywood is considered the most
popular materials used for subfloor. It has
been used since 1950 and remain one of the
top choice for contractors. Standard plywood
works perfectly fine as a subflooring material,
but the best option is ¾ inch tongue and
groove plywood subflooring .
27. What are the subfloor made of?
Answer: Typically made of plywood or OSB
and ranging in thickness from 19/32 inches to
1/8 thick, the subfloor is truly structural
second only to joints in the respect. Subfloor
hold up all of the above layers of flooring, as
well as everything in your house. All houses
are subfloor.
28. Does thickness of tile matter?
Answer: Thicker tiles do tend to offer greater
durability but thickness can also be important
to make the tiles fit into your space. For
example you don’t want your new tile floor to
be higher or lower than the flooring in
adjoining rooms.
29. Which tiles is most durable?
Answer: Porcelain tile
Not only is porcelain tile more dense than
ceramic tile, but due to its through body
composition it is considered more durable and
better suited for heavy usage than ceramic tile

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30. Which is best floor tiles?
Answer: For flooring vitrified tiles are the best
but since they are durable and can withstand
heavy traffic. For walls you can choose either
ceramic or porcelain tiles are non porous or
do not absorb stains. For out doors best to opt
for either mat finish or anti skid tiles to avoid
slips.
31. How thick is floor tile adhesive?
Answer: Thin bed adhesive should be 3mm
thick when the tile is adhered. Thick bed use a
10mm to 12mm notched trowel for surface that
have a greater than 6mm variations of 2mm
lengths are use the solid bed application.
Thick bed adhesive should be between 3mm
to 12mm thick when the tile is adhered.
32. Which colour is best for floor tiles?
Answer: White, sand, beige, cream etc all are
good choice. Marble or ceramic/ porcelain
would also be a good match for this
application. Large tiles tend to make a small
room appear bigger.
33. What is the most popular floor tiles?
Answer: If you have never taken on a tilling
project before, you might be surprised by the
many different types of tiles available. Ceramic
and porcelain tiles are the most popular, but
there are also glass tiles, cement tiles, metal
tiles and stone tiles.

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34. How strong is marble?
Answer: Marble is less porous and slightly
stronger than limestone but still less durable
than granite. Depending on the limestone and
the mineral combination within the marble,
most marble rates from three to five on the
mohs hardness scale.
35. Is marble good for flooring?
Answer: Marble flooring is the best choice for
indoors area like halls, bedrooms, kitchen.
Polished marble surfaces also tend to be
slippery when used in bathrooms. Since
marble absorbs water and stain easily, marble
is not a particular choice for kitchen.
36. What is the best for tiles or marble?
Answer: Since they are available in various
anti slip or slip resistant finishes, vitrified tiles
are good for bathrooms and kitchen as well.
Marble flooring is the best choice for indoor
area like halls and bedroom. Polished marble
surface also tend to be slippery used in
bedroom.
37. How long do marble floors last?
Answer: one to 3 years

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38. What is the marble floor?
Answer: A marble is a metamorphic rock
formed by alteration of lime stone or dolomite
often irregular colored by impurities and used
especially in architecture and sculpture.
Marble floor tile are also used for both interior
and exterior flooring application.
39. Which tiles are best for living room?
Answer: The virtues of ceramic tile for
bathrooms and kitchen as well as known, but
many of those advantages also make it a good
choice for living room. Ceramic tile is easy
durable and easy to maintain.
40. How much cost to tile a 10*10 room?
Answer: Room area is 10ft*10ft
Tile size is 2ft*2ft
Room total area =10*10ft= 100sq.ft
Single tile area is 2ft*2ft=4sq.ft
Total room tiles = 100/4
=25numbers
One sq.ft tile rate is 40rs/-
Total room tiles cost = 25*40= 1000Rs/-.
41. What is the cost of laying floor tiles?
Answer: present market tiles laying cost is
one sq.ft is 16to 20Rs/-

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42. Which tiles are better for flooring?
Answer: For flooring vitrified tiles are the best
bet since they are durable and can withstand
heavy traffic. For walls you can choose either
ceramic or porcelain tiles as they are non
porous or do not absorb stains. For outdoor
it’s best to opt for either mat finish or anti skid
tiles to avoid slips.
43. Which tiles are good for health?
Answer: Vitrified tiles are smooth and easy to
clean. May be slippery and hard to feet.
Granite is a hard stone equally easy to clean
but hard to bare feet.
44. Is marble floor is cold?
Answer: The reason that marble feels cold
because it conduit heat differently than other
surfaces. When you stand on wood flooring,
the fiber and tiny air pockets within those
materials heat up but they do not dissipation
quickly as does on marble.
45. Which is best for flooring?
Answer:
1. Hardwood flooring
2. Laminate flooring
3. Vinyl or linoleum
4. Ceramic or porcelain tile flooring
5. Carpet
6. Natural stone tile flooring

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46. What is the marble flooring made of?
Answer: A marble is a metamorphic rock
formed by alteration of lime stone or dolomite
often irregular colored by impurities and used
especially in architecture and sculpture.
Marble floor tile are also used for both interior
and exterior flooring application.
47. How do you calculate the tiles?
Answer: Tiles usually come in boxes and the
amount is labelled on the box. Divide the total
sq. meter of the room by the total sq. Meter of
the tile. For example if the room is 200 sq.
meters and each box is 10 sq. Meters tile
inside the box. Then you will need 20 boxes.
48. What are the sizes of floor tiles?
Answer: Standard floor tiles are
1. 12inchs * 12inchs
2. 18inchs * 18 inchs
3. 24inchs * 24 inchs
4. 24inchs * 48 inchs
5. 48 inchs * 48 inchs
49. How many square feet is 12*24?
Answer: 12ft*24ft = 288 sq.ft

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50. How many tiles are in box?
Answer: They are any where from 6 to 48 per
box with 20 to 50 boxes per pallet. Most often
you will find 6 to 12 per box.
51. What is the standard size of the tiles?
Answer: The standard size of the tiles is 12*12,
18*18, 24*24, 12*24 , 24*24, 48*48, 24*48 inchs.

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Problems:

1. Room size is 10ft*12ft, height is 7ft, door opening is

30inchs*84inchs, ventilator opening 18inchs*24inchs,
thickness is ½ inchs. Tiles size is 12inchs*12inchs and
flooring tiles size is 9inchs*9inchs.
a) Calculate the total room how many wall tiles
required
b) Calculate the total room how much cement and
sand required
c) Calculate the total room how many flooring tiles
required
Answer: Given data,
Room size =10ft*12ft
Room height=7ft
Wall tiles size=1ft*1ft
Flooring tiles size=9inchs*9inchs
Total room wall area=[ (10*2)+(12*2)]*7
= (20+24)*7
= 44*7
= 308 sq.fts
Door opening area. = 30inchs*84inchs
= 17.5 sq. fts
Ventilator opening area = 18inchs*24inchs
= 3sq.fts
Total openings area. = 17.5+ 3sq.fts
= 20.5 sq.fts
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Total room wall measurement area = 4sides wall area – openings area
= 308 sq.fts - 20.5 sq.fts
= 287.5 sq.fts
A) Wall tiles calculation:
Wall tiles size = 12inchs*12inchs
Tiles total area = 12inchs*12inchs
= 1 sq.ft
Total tiles covered by wall = Total room wall area/ tiles area
= 287.5sq.ft/1sq.ft
= 288 numbers
5% wastage for tiles = 288 *5%= 14.4 numbers
Total wall tiles is = 288+14= 302 numbers
B) Flooring tiles calculation:
Flooring tiles size = 9inchs*9inchs
Flooring tiles area = 9inchs *9inchs
= 0.75*0.75=0.5625 sq.fts
Total flooring area is = 10*12=120 sq.fts
Total flooring covered by tiles = total flooring area/ tiles area
= 120sq.fts/ 0.5625
= 213 numbers
5% wastage for tiles = 213*5%= 10.65 numbers~11 numbers
Total flooring tiles is = 213+ 11. = 224 numbers
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C) Cement and sand calculation:
Cement mix ratio is = 1:4
Total wall area = [(10*2)+(12*2)]*7ft*1/2 inchs
= (20+24)*7ft*1/2inch
= 44ft*7ft*1/2inch
= 0.363 cum
Dry volume. =1.33 * 0.363cum
= 0.482cum
Cement = 1*0.482/5
= 0.0964cum*1440
= 138.816kgs
Sand. = 4*0.482/5
= 0.3856cum*1600( sand density =1500 to 1700 for cum)
= 616.96kgs~617kgs
D) Cement and sand calculation flooring:
Cement mix ratio =1:6
Room size 10*12 , flooring thickness =2inchs(
Flooring total area = 10ft*12ft*2inchs
= 0.557cum
Dry volume = 1.33*0.557um. = 0.740cum
Cement = 1*0.740/7 = 0.1057*1440 = 152.208kgs
Robo sand = 6*0.740/7 = 0.6342*1600 = 1014.72kgs
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2. Room size is 28ft*16ft, door opening is
36inchs*84inchs, flooring tile size is 24inchs*24inchs,
cement mix ratio is 1:6, flooring thickness is 3
inchs(with tiles top finish).
A) Calculate the how many tiles required for
room
B) Calculate the how much cement and sand
required for flooring.
C) Calculate the estimate also.
3. Slab Room size is 15.6fts* 12.6fts, slab
covering=15mm, load=20kn, fck=20, FY=500, slab steel
dia=10mm.
A) Calculate the slab steel spacing (bottom rods
spacing& distributed rods spacing)?
B) Calculate the slab Concrete thickness?
C) Calculate the slab steel quantity also( Note
room outer to outer measurement is
17ft*14ft)?
Answer: Given data
Room size = 15.6ft*12.6fts
Fck = 20
FY = 500
Slab steel. = 10mm dia
Load = 20kn
Slab covering = 1515mm.

Ly/Lx = 4.724/3.81 = 1.239<2 (Two way slab)

1) Depth of slab:
d = span/ basic value* modules factor
= 3810/20*1.5
= 127mm~150mm
D = 150+15 = 165mm
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2) Span of the slab
Ly= span+ depth
= 3810+ 150
= 3960mm
3) Loads calculation:
Dead load = 25*0.165= 4.125
Live load = 20. = 20
Floor finish load = 1 kn
Total loads = 25.125kn/m2
Wu= load*1.5 = 25.125*1.5 = 37.6875kn/m2
4) Calculation of moments:
Is 456:2000 page no 91, table=27
Mx= Alfa x * Lx2 *Wu
= 0.084* (3.96*3.96) * 37.687
Mx = 49.643*10 for -6
My = Alfa y * Lx2 * 37.687
= 0.059* (3.96*3.96)*37.687
My = 34.868*10 for -6
5) Check for depth:
Md= 0.36fck xumax b( d- 0.42 xumax)
49.643*10for6 = 0.36*20*0.48d*1000(d-
0.42*0.48d)
d= 134mm≈ 150mm.
6) Calculation of steel:
Ast= 0.5fck/fy[1-(√1-4.6mu/fckbd2)]bd
= 0.5*20/500[1-(√1-4.6*49.643*10for-
6/20*1000*150*150)]*1000*150
= 3000*0.3
Ast = 900mm
7) Calculation of spacing:
Spacing = π/4*D2*1000/Ast
= 0.785*100*1000/900
Spacing = 87.22mm≈100mm
Provide steel 100mm @c/c slab bottom rods
spacing.
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Distributed rods spacing calculation:

8) Calculation of steel:
Ast = 0.5fck/fy [ 1-(√1-4.6mu/fckbd2)]bd
= 0.5*20/500[ 1-(√1-
4.6*34.868*10for6/20*1000*140)]*1000*140
Ast = 2800*0.23
Ast = 644mm
9) Calculation of spacing:
Spacing = π/4*D2*1000/Ast
Spacing = 0.785*100*1000/644
Spacing = 121.89mm≈ 127mm
Provide steel 127mm @ c/c slab distributed rods
Spacing.
10) Calculation slab Steel quantity:
1) Bottom rods quantity:
Straight rods = 63.21kgs
Crank rods = 69.99kgs
Extra rods = 29.35kgs
2) Distributed rods quantity:
Straight rods = 47.97kgs
Crank rods = 50.80kgs
Extra rods = 21.166kgs

Finally results:
1) Bottom rod spacing = 4inchs
2) Distributed rods spacing = 5inchs
3) Slab Concrete depth = 6 inch
4) Slab steel quantity = 282.486kgs
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4. Slab room size is 19.6ft*13.6ft, fck=25, FY=500,slab steel
dia=10mm, slab covering=25mm, load=20kn.
A) Calculate the slab steel spacing (bottom rods
and distributed rods spacing)?
B) Calculate the slab Concrete thickness?
C) Calculate the slab steel quantity also ( Note
room outer to outer measurement is
21ft*15ft)?